In this research, we investigated the dyestuff properties of dwarf elderberry (Sambucus ebulus), which has many pharmacological functions. Dyeing of cotton fabrics and wool yarns was carried out ...using Sambucus ebulus L. fruit extracts. Textile products were processed to pre–, meta–, and post– mordanting methods in the presence of iron sulfate (FeSO4), copper sulfate (CuSO4) and alum (AlK(SO4)2) mordants. Color analyses of dyed textile products were performed and, the results were examined in terms of washing, rubbing, and light fastness. According to the results, it was determined that wool yarns showed better dyeing potential than that of cotton fabrics in terms of washing fastness. While the highest K/S value was measured as 6.55 in cotton fabrics with the pre-mordanting method, the highest K/S value was measured as 14.90 in wool yarns. In addition, the highest color strength values were obtained in each three mordanting methods. While gray, beige, and cream color tones were obtained in dyeing cotton fabrics, beige, green, and gray color tones were obtained in dyeing wool yarns.
In the fight against the new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 causing Covid-19), which emerged in China in 2019 and caused the illness and death of many people all over the world, preventive measures ...come to the fore as vaccines have not yet been produced. These are physical distance, mask use, and hygiene. The use of masks has become mandatory all over the world and the production of alternative masks continues uninterruptedly. In this study, we aimed to produce an effective and breathing mask against the virus using antiviral and aromatic vegetable oils. As a result of the study, 100% cotton fabrics dyed with anti-microbial effective herbal dyes were treated with anti-viral, breathable vegetable oils, and new types of protective masks against coronavirus were produced, and odor emission times of the produced masks were determined.
In this study, certain properties of
Hibiscus sabdariffa
flower extracts for the dyeing of cotton fabrics and wool yarns were investigated. For this purpose, the cotton fabrics and wool yarns were ...processed with pre–, meta– and post–mordanting methods in the presence of FeSO
4
, CuSO
4
and AlK(SO
4
)
2
mordants. After dyeing, color analyses of the dyed samples were done and the results were evaluated in terms of wash, rubbing and light fastness values. The color codes were determined with Pantone Color Quide, and K/S and
L
*
a
*
b
* values were detected with color measurement spectrophotometer. The highest K/S value was measured as 9.55 for AlK(SO
4
)
2
with post–mordanting method for dyed cotton fabrics. While generally blue, burgundy, green and lilac color tones were obtained in cotton fabrics, burgundy, red brown and green color tones were obtained in wool yarns. As a result, it was determined that cotton fabrics exhibited better dyeing potential compared to wool yarns, and the highest color strength values were obtained using the post–mordanting method. When the fastness tests for both cotton fabrics and wool yarns were compared, the order of AlK(SO
4
)
2
> CuSO
4
> FeSO
4
in terms of fastness was obtained in all three mordanting methods.
Dyeing properties of different fabric species were investigated using leaf extract of Juglans regia L. For this purpose, the cotton and wool fabrics were dyed using brown napthaquinon colorant ...extracted from walnut leaves by pre-mordanting, meta-mordanting and post-mordanting methods in the presence of copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O) and alum sulfate (AIK(SO4)2.12H2O) at medium pH. Color codes were determined with Pantone Color Guide, and K/S and L* a* b* values were determined using color measurement spectrophotometer, and also washing-, crocking-fastness levels were evaluated using gray scale. High fastness colors were obtained in general in the present study.
The present study is relevant to extracting natural colorant from Parthenocissus quinquefolia L. fresh fruits and applying the extracted dye on leather and wood samples in the presence and absence of ...various mordants. The effect of mordant type (copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O) ferrous sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O) and alum (KAI(SO4)2.12H2O) with different mordanting methods (pre-mordanting, meta-mordanting, post-mordanting) on dyeing quality was also examined. The effects of mordants on the color of dyed samples were investigated in terms of CIELab (L*, a*, b*) and K/S values. The dyed samples' light, washing, and rubbing fastness were evaluated according to ISO standards. Although generally good fastness values were obtained for all three mordants, light fastness was low. These results suggest that P. quinquefolia fruits have sufficient potential in dyeing leather and wood.
The present study deals with two subjects. The first one is to determine the thermal properties of lauric acid (LA)–stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA)–palmitic acid (PA) and palmitic acid ...(PA)–stearic acid (SA) eutectic mixtures as latent heat storage material. The properties were measured by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis technique. The second one is to study the thermal reliability of these materials in view of the change in their melting temperatures and latent heats of fusion with respect to repeated thermal cycles. For this aim, the eutectic mixtures were subjected to 360 repeated melt/freeze cycles, and their thermal properties were measured after 0, 90,180 and 360 thermal cycles by the technique of DSC analysis. The DSC thermal analysis results show that the binary systems of LA–SA in the ratio of 75.5:24.5 wt.%, MA–PA in the ratio of 58:42 wt.% and PA–SA in the ratio of 64.2:35.8 wt.% form eutectic mixtures with melting temperatures of 37.0, 42.60 and 52.30 °C and with latent heats of fusion of 182.7, 169.7 and 181.7 J
g
−1, respectively. These thermal properties make them possible for heat storage in passive solar heating applications with respect to climate conditions. The accelerated thermal cycle tests indicate that the changes in the melting temperatures and latent heats of fusion of the studied eutectic mixtures are not regular with increasing number of thermal cycles. However, these materials, latent heat energy storage materials, have good thermal reliability in terms of the change in their thermal properties with respect to thermal cycling for about a one year utility period.
Fatty acids such as stearic acid (SA), palmitic acid (PA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) are promising phase change materials (PCMs) for latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) ...applications, but high cost is the major drawback of them, limiting their utility area in thermal energy storage. The use of fatty acids as form stable PCMs will increase their feasibilities in practical applications due to the reduced cost of the LHTES system. In this regard, a series of styrene maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA)/fatty acid composites, SMA/SA, SMA/PA, SMA/MA, and SMA/LA, were prepared as form stable PCMs by encapsulation of fatty acids into the SMA, which acts as a supporting material. The encapsulation ratio of fatty acids was as much as 85
wt.% and no leakage of fatty acid was observed even when the temperature of the form stable PCM was over the melting point of the fatty acid in the composite. The prepared form stable composite PCMs were characterized using optic microscopy (OM), viscosimetry and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy methods, and the results showed that the SMA was physically and chemically compatible with the fatty acids. In addition, the thermal characteristics such as melting and freezing temperatures and latent heats of the form stable composite PCMs were measured by using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique, which indicated they had good thermal properties. On the basis of all the results, it was concluded that form stable SMA/fatty acid composite PCMs had important potential for practical LHTES applications such as under floor space heating of buildings and passive solar space heating of buildings by using wallboard, plasterboard or floors impregnated with a form stable PCM due to their satisfying thermal properties, easy preparation in desired dimensions, direct usability without needing additional encapsulation thereby eliminating the thermal resistance caused by the shell and, thus, reducing the cost of the LHTES system.
Morus nigra L. is a biologically important plant. In addition to the biological importance of the extracts obtained from its various parts, it is used as a material in various fields. In this work, ...dyeing properties of the cotton fabrics and the wool yarns with Morus nigra L. leaf extracts were investigated. In dyeing studies using Morus nigra L. leaf extracts, yellow tones were obtained in dyeing cotton fabrics, and green and yellow tones were obtained in dyeing wool yarns. Washing, rubbing and light fastness of dyed textile products were examined. According to the results, cotton fabrics showed better dyeing potential than wool yarns. As a result, Morus nigra L. leaf can be used as a natural dyeing agent in the dyeing of textile products.
In the present study, dyeing potential of waste water from distillation process was investigated for fresh and dried herbs of Menthaspicata (MS), Menthapiperita (MP), and Salvia officinalis (SO) ...species. Meta-mordanting method was used in the dyeing of wool and cotton fabrics in the presence of FeSO
4
·7H
2
O (iron) and AlK(SO
4
)
2
·12H
2
O (alum) mordants. The color of each dyed material was investigated in terms of the CIELab (L*, a*, b*, C, and h°) and K/S values. The surfaces of the samples were observed using a scanning electron microscope. It was observed that the color strength of fresh and dried plant is depended on the plant species, mordant, and fabric type. Best color intensity (K/S = 16.68) was obtained with iron mordant using fresh SO on cotton fabric. For wool fabric, the highest color strength (K/S = 9.62) was obtained with fresh SO in the presence of alum mordant. Presence of metal mordant for natural dyeing process of cotton with MS, MP, and SO extract has shown remarkable improvement in terms of dye adherence and fastness properties thus metal mordanting could be suitable alternative dyeing method for ecofriendly industrial application.
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