In this study, all-solid-state contact PVC membrane silver(I)-selective sensor has been prepared and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21
H
,23
H
-porphine used as ionophore. Optimum membrane composition; ...3.5% ionophore, 59.6% Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (BEHS), 1.0% potassium tetrakis (p-chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClPB) and 35.9% polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The developed silver(I)-selective sensor exhibited a linear response (
E
= −51,57 (−logAg
+
) + 1690,6 and
R
2
= 0,9986) in the varying concentration range of 1.0 × 10
−1
to 1.0 × 10
−5
mol L
−1
silver ions. The limit of detection of the sensor was calculated as 1.9 × 10
−6
mol L
−1
. The silver(I)-selective sensor exhibited good selectivity towards some alkali, alkali earth and heavy metal ions. The sensor can be used in the pH range from 4.0 to 10.0. The sensor has been shown to have good reusability and response time less than 8 s. The sensor was used as an indicator electrode in titrations of silver nitrate with sodium chloride solution and was successfully applied for the determination of the different water samples.
Graphic abstract
In this study, all-solid-state contact PVC membrane silver(I)-selective sensor has been developed. The developed silver(I)-selective sensor exhibited a linear response in the varying concentration range of 1.0 × 10
−5
to 1.0 × 10
−1
mol L
−1
silver ions. The sensor was successfully applied for the determination of the different real samples.
In this study, an ion–selective electrode was developed for the potentiometric determination of strontium ions. Membrane optimization studies showed that the most suitable membrane composition was ...4.0% (w/w) synthesized ionophore, 63.0% (w/w) bis(2–ethylhexyl)sebacate (BEHS), 32.0% (w/w) poly(vinyl chloride; PVC) and 1.0% (w/w) potassium tetrakis(p–chlorophenyl)borate (KTpClPB) in terms of potentiometric performance characteristics. The electrode, which exhibits a stable potentiometric behaviour, shows a linear response in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10−5 – 1.0 × 10−1 mol L−1 (R2 = 0.998). The electrode has a detection limit of 7.94 × 10−6 mol L−1 and a fast response time of 7s. The electrode exhibits selectivity against Sr(II) ions in the presence of some cationic species and works without being affected by pH changes in the pH range of 6.0–9.0. The proposed electrode performs the determination of Sr(II) ions in water samples with high recoveries.
•Potentiometric electrode for the determination of Sr2+ ions.•The electrode has low cost, short response time, ease of preparation and use.•Sr2+ analysis in water samples was successfully performed.
Porphyrins are a group of macrocyclic compounds which are widely used in many applications in the literature due to their multiple functions. One of their application areas is in the development of ...sensors which transform changes in physical and chemical parameters into electrical signals. Novel chemical sensors selective and sensitive for many anions and cations have been fabricated with the advancements in the technology. Real sample applications of these sensors can be successfully performed. In recent years, potentiometric methods have drawn researchers' attention and they have been highly studied because of their superiority over other analytical devices. Ionophores which are used in the development of potentiometric sensors and ion-selective electrodes are the most important components of these systems. Therefore, porphyrin molecules, which have favorable chemical structures, can be directly used as an active component (ionophore) in the structure of potentiometric sensors. In this review, we investigated porphyrin derivatives used as ionophore in the design of potentiometric sensors and we focused on newly developed potentiometric sensors based on porphyrin.
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide and it requires a long-term or life-long treatment. Current standard treatment includes the use of antiepileptic drugs. To date, ...many organic compounds have been synthesized by chemists as potential antiepileptic drugs and their anticonvulsant properties have been investigated. While evaluating the anticonvulsant activities of these newly synthesized molecules, known antiepileptic drugs are used as reference. Thus, many novel molecules with anticonvulsant properties have been added to the literature. It is clear that these new molecules will be effective in the treatment of epilepsy. In this review, we investigated the synthesis and properties of organic compounds with anticonvulsant properties.
In this study, composite amino acid–sensitive potentiometric biosensors in microsizes were prepared and used as detectors in ion chromatography (IC). First, ammonium–selective electrodes were ...prepared, and their potentiometric behavior was tested. Then, the L–amino acid oxidase (L–AAO) enzyme was attached to the surface of the ammonium–selective potentiometric electrodes with glutaraldehyde crosslinker. The potentiometric behavior of the prepared biosensors against different L–amino acids was investigated. The biosensors exhibited ideal potentiometric responses to some of the L–amino acids. Biosensors with the ideal potentiometric behavior were placed in the moving medium flow cell together with the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. This flow cell was placed at the exit of the column in the ion chromatographic system, allowing it to function as a detector. The chromatograms were obtained by injecting free amino acids into the prepared chromatography–potentiometry hybrid system. The obtained results showed that the prepared biosensors can be used as detectors in chromatography and as detectors in the determination of free amino acids.
In this study, a new sulfonyl hydrazone derivative molecule was synthesized, and its characterization was performed using several spectroscopic methods (
1
H–,
13
C NMR, FT–IR and Q-TOF). New ...potentiometric sensors were developed using this molecule, and subsequently, their potentiometric performance properties were investigated. Based on the data obtained, we found that the prepared sensors are selective to Pb
2+
ions. These novel lead(II)–selective sensors had a low detection limit of 2.89 × 10
–6
M, and a Nernstian response (27.7 ± 1.3 mV/decade) over a wide concentration range of 1.0 × 10
–5
–1.0 × 10
–1
M. They were also highly reproducible, selective and able to work in a wide pH range (3.0–9.0) without being affected by the changes in pH. We showed that these potentiometric sensors can detect Pb
2+
ions with very high recoveries when applied to real samples. In conclusion, we here report the synthesis and characterization of a new molecule and its potentiometric sensor properties.
Potassium is one of the minerals essential for the human body, and its intake is usually provided from foodstuffs. In this study, a novel potassium selective potentiometric sensor was developed to ...perform potassium analysis in baby follow–on milk, mineral water, drinking water, fruit juice and drug samples. The potassium selective sensor exhibited a low detection limit of 5.88 × 10−6 mol L−1 over a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10−5 to 1.0 × 10−1 mol L−1. The sensor had a very short response time (< 5 s), good selectivity, good repeatability and high potential stability. In addition, the developed sensor was easy to manufacture with low cost, and it worked independently of pH changes in the pH range of 6.0–10.0. The developed sensor was applied to analysis of various food, drug and water samples and potassium ion determination was carried out with very high recoveries.
•A novel potentiometric sensor for the determination of K+ ions.•The sensor has very short response time, low cost and high potential stability.•Determination of K+ ion in baby follow-on milk and some beverage samples.
Paper has been increasingly used in recent years as a substrate in the structure of sensors to determine diverse biological and pharmaceutical molecules and ions. Potentiometric sensors built with ...paper offer certain improvements since they are cost–effective, portable, biodegradable, eco–friendly, disposable and easy to manufacture. Paper is also an ideal substrate to be used, considering that it is flexible, lightweight, mechanically–resistant, a good medium for immobilization and trapping, and that it can be easily chemically and physically modified for customized applications, it can adsorb and transport liquid via capillary forces, can close the electrical circuit between electrodes when wet, it can be produced in diverse geometrical dimensions and porosities. Due to these characteristics, paper–based potentiometric sensors are more eco–friendly, suitable to be used in resource–limited areas, can be used in remote locations or on–site settings with low–cost analytical instrumentation. To our knowledge, the most recent advancements in the field have not been collectively reviewed, and this is of high importance considering the rapid developments made in paper–based potentiometric sensors lately. In these review, we covered paper–based potentiometric devices developed in the very recent years, detailed their structures, and compared their certain performance parameters including detection limit, linear concentration range, response time and applicability.
Nanomaterials have become an important research topic in recent years due to the advantages they provide. Nanoparticles, which can be especially applied in many areas of industry, also come to the ...fore as sensor materials. Potentiometry-based devices offer significant advantages including wide concentration range, short response time, low cost, low detection limit, high selectivity and sensitivity. These important advantages allow potentiometric devices to be successfully applied in many fields such as food, environmental monitoring, medicine, pharmacy, industry and agriculture. In this mini review, we present a perspective on sensor and biosensor devices prepared with the unique properties of nanoparticles and potentiometry technique.
Herein, we developed a novel potentiometric sensor that exhibits high selectivity towards Ag
+
ions, using a newly synthesized phenol derivative
(4)
molecule as an electroactive material (ionophore). ...The sensor was prepared by coating the surface of a conductive solid contact by a membrane containing bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate (BEHS) as plasticizer, poly (vinly chloride) (PVC) as a polymeric matrix, electroactive material
(4),
and potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (KT
p
ClPB) as an additive. The developed sensor exhibited a wide linear concentration range of 1.0 × 10
–6
–1.0 × 10
−1
mol L
−1
and a lower detection limit of 5.87 × 10
−7
mol L
−1
. The sensor exhibited quite good selectivity over other cationic species, and its potential response remained unaffected of pH in the range of 3.0–7.0. In addition, the developed sensor had a short response time of 8 s, good repeatability, and stability. Finally, the proposed sensor was used in the direct determination of Ag
+
in different water samples, and as an indicator electrode for the end point determination in the potentiometric titration of Ag
+
ions against sodium chloride.
Graphical abstract
