Objective To investigate the relation between copeptin, arginine vasopressin (AVP), and nocturnal enuresis (NE). Methods Forty-four patients with NE and 44 healthy children aged between 6 and 14 ...years were enrolled. Patients with nonmonosymptomatic and secondary NE were excluded from the study. A small questionnaire, filled by parents, collected information about sociodemographic characteristics. Blood was obtained for plasma AVP and copeptin concentrations. Results Copeptin levels were significantly lower in patient group (3.74 ± 1.44 pg/mL) than the control group (16.57 ± 3.91 pg/mL), whereas AVP levels were not significantly different between groups. Copeptin levels were significantly lower in patients (3.17 ± 1.15 pg/mL) who had bed-wetting 2 or more nights a week, which is considered as severe bed-wetting, than the patients (4.95 ± 1.24 pg/mL) who had bed-wetting 1 night or less than 1 night a week. Conclusion This study demonstrates the presence of decreased levels of copeptin in patients with NE compared with healthy patients. AVP levels were not different between groups. To our knowledge, this is the first report assessing the relationship between copeptin and NE.
Background: Iron deficiency (IDA) and beta thalassemia trait (TT) are the most common causes of hypochromia and microcytosis. Many indices have been defined to quickly discriminate these similar ...entities via parameters obtained from automated blood cell analyzers. However, studies in the pediatric age group are scarce and their results are controversial. Methods: We calculated eight discrimination indices Mentzer Index (MI), England and Fraser Index (E&F), Srivastava Index (S), Green and King Index (G&K), Shine and Lal Index (S&L), red blood cell (RBC) count, RBC distribution width, and red blood cell distribution width Index (RDWI) in 100 patients. We calculated sensitivity (SENS), specificity (SPEC), positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV), and Youden's Index (YI) of each discrimination index. Results: None of the discrimination indices showed a SENS and SPEC of 100%. The highest SENS was obtained with S&L (87.1%), while the highest SPEC was obtained with E&F formula (100%). The highest YI value was obtained with E&F formula (58.1%). Conclusion: In our study, none of the formulas appears reliable in discriminating between TT and IDA patients. The evaluation of iron status and measurement of hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) remain the most reliable investigations to differentiate between TT and IDA patients.
Objective To assess whether endothelial function of the brachial artery and carotid artery intima-media thickness is normal or impaired in children born at term with low birth weight.Methods The ...first group, the LBW group, was composed of 68 LBW children 32 female and 36 male, between 65 and 168 months old, birth weight 2.1 (1.5-2.4) kg. The distributions of age, gender, fasting glucose, Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Ca++, Magnesium, C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin, serum insulin concentration, HOMA and serum creatinin values were similar in both groups(Table 1). Variables Low birth weight group n =68 Normal birth weight group n=60 *p Birth weight, kg 2.2 (1.6-2.3) 3.3 (3.0-3.8) 0.001 Age, month 122±31 121±26 0.624 Male, n (%) 36 (53%) 32 (53.4%) 0.468 Weight, kg 32 (17.6 - 55) 33 (18.1 - 54) 0.241 Height, cm 136 (109 -168) 137 (113-172) 0.455 Waist circumference, cm 61 (43 - 85)) 62(40-86) 0.194 Hip circumference, cm 72 (43-93) 73(42-95) 0.174 Body mass index, kg/m2 19 (16-24) 20 (16- 25) 0.544 Fasting glucose, mg/dl 82±16 84±6 0.577 Total cholesterol, mg/dl 161±26 165±32 0.545 Triglyceride, mg/dl 101±76 93±51 0.290 LDL, mg/dl 96±24 101±29 0.542 HDL, mg/dl 50±12 48±11 0.394 Calcium, mg/dl 9,8±0.44 9.8±0.35 0.659 Magnesium, mg/dl 2.04±0.12 2.08±0.25 0.196 C-reactive protein, mg/dl 3.3±4.8 4.4±5.6 0.593 Hemoglobin, mg/dl 13±1.1 13±0.85 0.223 Serum insulin concentration, μIU/L 6.8±5.3 8.3±7.1 0.098 HOMA 1.57±0.27 1.80±0.20 0.363 Serum creatinine, mg /dl 0.8±0.02 0.75±0.01 0.648 Table 1 Clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical characteristics Variables Low birth weight group n =68 Normal birth weight group n=60 *p Systolic blood pressure, mmHg 107±11 109±10 0.312 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg 72±6 70±8 0.171 Right CCADD, mm 6.24±0.32 6.33±0.28 0.284 Left CCADD, mm 6.23±0.35 6.29±0.27 0.141 Right cIMT, mm 0.46 ±0.09 0.47 ±0.08 0.164 Left cIMT, mm 0.45 ±0.08 0.47±0.07 0.302 BA baseline diameter, mm 2.84±0.21 2.81±0.19 0.584 BA post dilatation diameter, mm 3.02±0.19 3.03±0.18 0.843 Brachial artery FMD % 6.68 ±2.1 7.8 ±1.9 0.004 Table 2 Blood pressures and ultrasound assessment of the carotid IMT and brachial artery FMD Dependent variables Independent variables β ± SE p r coefficients p cIMT Waist Circumference 0.004±0.0001 <0.001 0.728 <0.001 FMD % Waist Circumference 0.07±0.002 <0.001 -0.521 <0.001 The presence of LBW -0.028±0.01 <0.04 -0.
Jacobsen syndrome (JS), a rare disorder with multiple dysmorphic features, is caused by the terminal deletion of chromosome 11q. Typical features include mild to moderate psychomotor retardation, ...trigonocephaly, facial dysmorphism, cardiac defects, and thrombocytopenia, though none of these features are invariably present. The estimated occurrence of JS is about 1/100,000 births. The female/male ratio is 2:1. The patient admitted to our clinic at 3.5 years of age with a cardiac murmur and facial anomalies. Facial anomalies included trigonocephaly with bulging forehead, hypertelorism, telecanthus, downward slanting palpebral fissures, and a carp-shaped mouth. The patient also had strabismus. An echocardiogram demonstrated perimembranous aneurysmatic ventricular septal defect and a secundum atrial defect. The patient was <3rd percentile for height and weight and showed some developmental delay. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hyperintensive gliotic signal changes in periventricular cerebral white matter, and leukodystrophy was suspected. Chromosomal analysis of the patient showed terminal deletion of chromosome 11. The karyotype was designated 46, XX, del(11) (q24.1). A review of published reports shows that the severity of the observed clinical abnormalities in patients with JS is not clearly correlated with the extent of the deletion. Most of the patients with JS had short stature, and some of them had documented growth hormone deficiency, or central or primary hypothyroidism. In patients with the classical phenotype, the diagnosis is suspected on the basis of clinical findings: intellectual disability, facial dysmorphic features and thrombocytopenia. The diagnosis must be confirmed by cytogenetic analysis. For patients who survive the neonatal period and infancy, the life expectancy remains unknown. In this report, we describe a patient with the clinical features of JS without thrombocytopenia. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported from Turkey.
The aim of this prospective case control study is to determine CD4
+
, CD25
+
, and FoxP3
+
T regulatory cells (Tregs) and T helper cells (Ths) in obese, asthmatic, asthmatic obese, and healthy ...children. Obese (
n
= 40), asthmatic (
n
= 40), asthmatic obese (
n
= 40), and healthy children (
n
= 40) were included in this study. Blood samples collected from children were marked with CD4, CD25, ve Foxp3 in order to detect Tregs and Ths by flow cytometric method. Statistical analyses were performed.
p
≤ 0.05 was chosen as meaningful threshold. Tregs exhibiting anti-inflammatory nature were significantly lower in obese (0.16 %;
p
≤ 0.001), asthmatic (0.25 %;
p
≤ 0.01), and asthmatic obese (0.29 %;
p
≤ 0.05) groups than control group (0.38 %). Ths were counted higher in asthma group than control (
p
≤ 0.01) and obese (
p
≤ 0.001) groups. T cell immunity plays important roles in chronic inflammatory diseases such as obesity and asthma pathogeneses. Decreased numbers of Tregs found in obese, asthmatic, and asthmatic obese children might represent a challenge of these cells.
Background
The aim of our study is to investigate the effects of low birth weight (LBW) on atrial conduction and ventricular repolarization in children by using P‐wave dispersion (Pw‐d) and QT ...dispersion (QT‐d) analyses. These effects have not yet been studied in detail in LBW children.
Methods
Fifty LBW children and 70 normal birth weight (NBW) children were enrolled in this cross‐sectional controlled study. The Pw‐d and QT‐d of the LBW and NBW children were investigated. Independent Student's t‐test, Mann‐Whitney U test, and χ2 test were performed to compare these two groups. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate whether there was a relationship between P‐wave indices, QT derivatives, anthropometric and clinical features, and echocardiographic parameters.
Results
Age, gender, body mass index, waist circumferences, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and echocardiographic measurements were similar between the LBW group and the NBW group (all P values > 0.05). The following findings were recorded for the LBW and NBW groups, respectively: the Pw‐d (30 10–50 ms vs 30 10–50 ms, P = 0.977), QT‐d (20 10–50 ms vs 30 15–50 ms, P = 0.561), and QTc‐d (26 14–54 ms vs 33 17–62 ms, P = 0.866). No significant difference was found in Pw‐d, QT‐d, and QTc‐d in comparison between the groups (all P values > 0.05). Pw‐d was related to left atrial diameter and QTc‐d was associated with left ventricle mass index even though they were within the normal range.
Conclusion
Compared with the NBW group, no significant difference was found in both atrial conduction and ventricular repolarization features in LBW children.
The aim of this prospective case control study is to determine CD4^sup +^, CD25^sup +^, and FoxP3^sup +^ T regulatory cells (Tregs) and T helper cells (Ths) in obese, asthmatic, asthmatic obese, and ...healthy children. Obese (n=40), asthmatic (n=40), asthmatic obese (n=40), and healthy children (n=40) were included in this study. Blood samples collected from children were marked with CD4, CD25, ve Foxp3 in order to detect Tregs and Ths by flow cytometric method. Statistical analyses were performed. p≤0.05 was chosen as meaningful threshold. Tregs exhibiting anti-inflammatory nature were significantly lower in obese (0.16 %; p≤0.001), asthmatic (0.25 %; p≤0.01), and asthmatic obese (0.29 %; p≤0.05) groups than control group (0.38 %). Ths were counted higher in asthma group than control (p≤0.01) and obese (p≤0.001) groups. T cell immunity plays important roles in chronic inflammatory diseases such as obesity and asthma pathogeneses. Decreased numbers of Tregs found in obese, asthmatic, and asthmatic obese children might represent a challenge of these cells.
The aim of this prospective case control study is to determine CD4 super(+), CD25 super(+), and FoxP3 super(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs) and T helper cells (Ths) in obese, asthmatic, asthmatic ...obese, and healthy children. Obese (n=40), asthmatic (n=40), asthmatic obese (n=40), and healthy children (n=40) were included in this study. Blood samples collected from children were marked with CD4, CD25, ve Foxp3 in order to detect Tregs and Ths by flow cytometric method. Statistical analyses were performed. p less than or equal to 0.05 was chosen as meaningful threshold. Tregs exhibiting anti-inflammatory nature were significantly lower in obese (0.16 %; p less than or equal to 0.001), asthmatic (0.25 %; p less than or equal to 0.01), and asthmatic obese (0.29 %; p less than or equal to 0.05) groups than control group (0.38 %). Ths were counted higher in asthma group than control (p less than or equal to 0.01) and obese (p less than or equal to 0.001) groups. T cell immunity plays important roles in chronic inflammatory diseases such as obesity and asthma pathogeneses. Decreased numbers of Tregs found in obese, asthmatic, and asthmatic obese children might represent a challenge of these cells.
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