Tijekom cijele godine odvija se potrošnja jabuka u svježem stanju. O njezinim vanjskim i unutarnjim karakteristikama ovisi cjelokupna ocjena kvalitete. Cilj ovog rada je utvrđivanje sklonosti ...potrošača prema određenom tipu izgleda i okusa jabuke, odnosno sklonosti prema određenim sortama. Žiri potrošača koji su ocjenjivali plod jabuke bio je sastavljen od potrošača čija se starosna dob kretala od 20 do 30 godina. U istraživanju svih kvaliteta bile su uključene 4 sorte jabuka; Idared, Jonagold, Gloster i Granny Smith. U anketi su ocjenjivani vanjski izgled ploda (boja kožice, veličina i oblik ploda), fizikalne karakteristike ploda (tekstura, sočnost i tvrdoća), te kemijske karakteristike ploda (odnos šećera i kiselina, aroma i punoća okusa). Sva ispitivana svojstva ocjenjivala su se ocjenama od 1 do 6, pri čemu je 1 bila minimalna ocjena, a 6 maksimalna ocjena. U ovom istraživanju najbolje su ocijenjeni plodovi sorte Granny Smith, nakon toga plodovi sorte Idared, te Gloster a najlošije su ocijenjeni plodovi sorte Jonagold.
Fresh apples are consumed throughout the year. The overall quality assessment depends on its external and internal characteristics. The aim of this paper is to determine the consumers preference for a certain type of appearance and taste of apples, or preference for certain varieties. The jury of consumers who evaluated apple fruit was composed of costumers whose age ranged from 20 to 30 years. Four varieties of apples, Idared, Jonagold, Gloster and Granny Smith were included in the research on all qualities. The survey evaluated the external appearance of the fruit (skin color, size and shape of the fruit), physical characteristics of the fruit (texture, juiciness and hardness), and chemical characteristics of the fruit (ratio of sugars and acids, aroma and fullness of taste). All tested traits were rated on a scale of 1 to 6, with 1 being the minimum grade and 6 being the maximum grade. In this study, the best rated apple fruits was Granny Smith variety, followed by Idared and Gloster, and the worst rated was the Jonagold variety.
Human milk not only provides a perfect balance of nutrients to meet all the needs of the infant in the first months of life but also contains a variety of bacteria that play a key role in tailoring ...the neonatal faecal microbiome. Microbiome analysis of human milk and infant faeces from mother-breastfed infant pairs was performed by sequencing the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. According to the results, there is a connection in the composition of the microbiome in each mother-breastfed infant pair, supporting the hypothesis that the infant's gut is colonised with bacteria from human milk. MiSeq sequencing also revealed high biodiversity of the human milk microbiome and the infant faecal microbiome, whose composition changes during lactation and infant development, respectively. A total of 28 genetically distinct strains were selected by hierarchical cluster analysis of RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction) electrophoresis profiles of 100 strains isolated from human milk and identified by 16S RNA sequencing. Since certain cellular molecules may support their use as probiotics, the next focus was to detect (S)-layer proteins, bacteriocins and exopolysaccharides (EPSs) that have potential as therapeutic biomolecules. SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl-Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) coupled with LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis revealed that four
strains expressed S-layer proteins, which were identified for the first time in strains isolated from human milk. The potential biosynthesis of plantaricin was detected in six
strains by PCR analysis and
antibacterial studies.
H NMR (Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) analysis confirmed EPS production in only one strain,
MC1. The overall microbiome analysis suggests that human milk contributes to the establishment of the intestinal microbiota of infants. In addition, it is a promising source of novel
strains expressing specific functional biomolecules.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce a broad spectrum of exopolysaccharides (EPSs), commonly used as texturizers in food products. Due to their potential contribution to LAB probiotic properties, like ...adhesion to human epithelial cells and competitive exclusion of pathogens from human intestinal epithelial cells, this study was focussed on the structural and functional characterization of the EPSs produced by two Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains – MC1, originating from mother's milk, and D12, autochthonous from Croatian smoked fresh cheese. Whole-genome sequencing and functional annotation of both L. fermentum strains by RAST server revealed the genes involved in EPS production and transport, with some differences in functionally related genes. EPSs were extracted from the cell surface of both bacterial strains and purified by size-exclusion chromatography. Structural characterization of the EPSs, achieved by chemical analyses and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, showed that both strains produce an identical mixture of three different EPSs containing galactofuranose and glucopyranose residues. However, a comparison of the functional properties showed that the MC1 strain adhered better to the Caco-2 cell line and exhibited stronger antimicrobial effect against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium FP1 than the D12 strain, which may be attributed to the potential bacteriocin activity of the MC1 strain.
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•two EPS-producing L. fermentum strains were isolated from different sources.•WGS showed that the genomes of L. fermentum MC1 and D12 are slightly different.•both strains produce an identical mixture of three different EPSs.•in vitro experiments showed different functional properties of the two strains.
to characterise the adverse drugs reactions (ADRs) reported in the Lombard and Croatian paediatric population and to compare data to specific paediatric age groups, in terms of trend, pattern and ...severity of ADRs, increasing understanding of paediatric ADRs.
We selected and analysed all the spontaneous reports in which children were involved (0 < 18 years old) reported in the Lombardy and in Croatian pharmacovigilance databases from 1
March 2005 to 31
December 2013.
9175 ADR reports were reported in the Lombardy, 2457 were included in the Croatian database. The age groups most involved were 2-11 for both countries. The 13.2% and 40.3% of reports retrieved in Lombardy and Croatia were classified as serious, respectively. Fatalities account for 0.09% and 0.12% in Lombardy and Croatia, respectively.
Data on serious reports reflect a similar scenario in terms of age range; strikingly different therapeutic subgroups were involved in reporting activity likely due to greater self-medication practices with penicillins and anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretics drugs in Lombardy than in Croatia, highlighting the need to closely monitor this paediatric therapeutic area to ensure a safe use of these drugs.
