The aim of this study was to compare two models of determining factors for success in judo. The first model (Model A) included testing motor abilities of high-level Croatian judokas in the cadet age ...category. The sample in Model A consisted of 71 male and female judokas aged 16 ± 0.6 years who were divided into four subsamples according to sex and weight category. The second model (Model B) consisted of interviewing 40 top-level judo experts on the importance of motor abilities for cadets’ success in judo. According to Model A, the greatest impact on the criterion variable of success in males and females of heavier weight categories were variables assessing maximum strength, coordination and jumping ability. In the lighter weight male categories, the highest correlation with the criterion variable of success was the variable assessing agility. However, in the lighter weight female categories, the greatest impact on success had the variable assessing muscular endurance. In Model B, specific endurance was crucial for success in judo, while flexibility was the least important, regardless of sex and weight category. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients showed that there were no significant correlations in the results obtained in Models A and B for all observed subsamples. Although no significant correlations between the factors for success obtained through Models A and B were found, common determinants of success, regardless of the applied model, were identified.
The aim of this research was to identify factors of morphological and basic motor status in young judoka in prediction of fighting efficiency. The subject sample included 57 judoka aged 13 to 15, who ...have been involved in training process for averagely three years. The sample of predictor variables included a set of 18 variables for assessing anthropometric characteristics and a set of 12 variables for assessing basic motor abilities. Factor analysis was used to analyze the structure of morphological characteristics and basic motor abilities, and within the analysis, varimax rotation of principal components of the intercorrelation matrix was conducted. Morphological status of judoka was defined by four factors: longitudinal dimensionality of the skeleton, subcutaneous fat tissue, transverse dimensionality of the skeleton and body mass and volume. Motor status was defined by the following factors: power and coordination (force regulator) factor, movement frequency (speed regulator) factor, flexibility and balance factor and precision factor. Significant impact of morphological-motor factors on situational efficiency in judoka, i.e. success in competitions (multiple correlation was 0.86), was obtained by regression analysis. The best predictor of competition efficiency in young judoka was the factor which integrates explosive power, coordination and muscle endurance, and which is underlain with a force regulation mechanism. The second most important predictor determining fighting efficiency is the factor of movement frequency which is controlled by a speed regulator mechanism.
Osnovni cilj ovoga rada je strukturiranje i usporedba različitih modela
hijerarhijske klasifikacije motoričko-funkcionalnih sposobnosti judaša i judašica
kadetske dobne skupine. Primijenjena su dva ...modela istraživanja. Kod prvog modela
istraživanja (anketiranje judo trenera), a u svrhu realizacije cilja istraživanja, konstruiran
je mjerni instrument, odnosno upitnik za vrjednovanje utjecaja motoričkofunkcionalnih sposobnosti na uspjeh u judu kod dobne skupine kadeta s obzirom na spol
i težinsku skupinu. Uzorak ispitanika predstavljalo je 40 vrhunskih judo trenera, koji su
popunjavanjem upitnika izražavali svoj stav upisivanjem broja od 1 do 100, čime su
određivali važnost, odnosno utjecaj pojedine sposobnosti na uspjeh u judu ovisno o
spolu i težinskoj skupini. Upitnik je bio sastavljen od dvije skupine varijabli. Prvi skup
varijabli predstavljale su varijable za identifikaciju judo trenera, koje su se odnosile na
trenerski staž, judo zvanje, stupanj obrazovanja, trenersku poziciju i trenerski rezultat.
Drugi skup varijabli predstavljale su motoričko-funkcionalne sposobnosti odgovorne za
uspjeh u judu: fleksibilnost, agilnost, koordinacija, ravnoteža, specifična judo
izdržljivost, eksplozivna snaga, mišićna izdržljivost, maksimalna jakost i brzina.
Analizom distribucijskih pokazatelja utvrđene su prihvatljive metrijske karakteristike
varijabli upitnika za utvrđivanje redoslijeda i važnosti pojedinih motoričkofunkcionalnih sposobnosti na uspjeh u judu prema stavovima judo trenera. Na temelju
grafičkih prikaza utvrdio se redoslijed i važnost utjecaja motoričko-funkcionalnih
sposobnosti ovisno o spolu i kategoriji.
Kod judaša nižih kategorija na prva su tri mjesta brzina, eksplozivna snaga i specifična
judo izdržljivost, dok su maksimalna jakost i fleksibilnost najmanje važni za uspjeh.
Kod judaša viših kategorija maksimalna jakost, specifična judo izdržljivost i mišićna
izdržljivost na prva su tri mjesta, dok su agilnost i fleksibilnost na začelju redoslijeda
sposobnosti bitnih za uspjeh u judu.
Za judašice nižih kategorija najvažnije su brzina, specifična judo izdržljivost i agilnost,
dok su fleksibilnost i maksimalna jakost najmanje važne sposobnosti za uspjeh u judu.
Za judašice viših kategorija su maksimalna jakost, specifična judo izdržljivost i mišićna
izdržljivost najvažnije za uspjeh, dok su agilnost i fleksibilnost najmanje bitne za uspjeh
u judu.
Doktorska disertacija
Primijenjen je t-test kako bi se utvrdilo postoje li statistički značajne razlike u važnosti
motoričko-funkcionalnih sposobnosti između analiziranih subuzoraka. Rezultati t-testa
pokazuju kako treneri agilnost, brzinu i koordinaciju smatraju važnijim za uspjeh u judu
kod judaša nižih težinskih kategorija u odnosu na više kategorije, dok maksimalna
jakost značajnije pridonosi uspjehu judaša viših u odnosu na niže kategorije. Također,
agilnost, brzina i fleksibilnost imaju veći značaj kod judašica nižih kategorija u odnosu
na više kategorije, dok maksimalna jakost ima veći značaj kod judašica viših u odnosu
na niže težinske skupine. Analizom razlika među spolovima (posebno za niže i više
težinske skupine) utvrđene su tek minimalne razlike. Naime, anketirani treneri smatraju
kako ne postoje značajne razlike u redoslijedu i važnosti pojedinih motoričkofunkcionalnih sposobnosti između judaša i judašica istih težinskih skupina.
Kod drugog modela istraživanja uzorak ispitanika predstavljala su 4 subuzorka judaša
kadetske dobne skupine od 15 do 17 godina, kojeg između ostalih predstavljaju nositelji
državnih medalja i medalja s europskih kupova, te natjecatelji koji su nastupili na
Europskom prvenstvu za kadete i kadetkinje. Prvi subuzorak predstavljalo je 22 judaša
kadetske dobne skupine, nižih težinskih skupina prosječne tjelesne mase 62.35±6.51 kg
te prosječnog indeksa tjelesne mase, koji iznosi 20.94±1.69 kg/m2. Drugi subuzorak
predstavljalo je 20 judaša kadetske dobne skupine viših težinskih skupina, prosječne
tjelesne mase 83.78±13.33 kg te prosječnog indeksa tjelesne mase, koji iznosi
25.20±4.43 kg/m2. Treći subuzorak predstavljalo je 15 judašica kadetske dobne skupine
nižih težinskih skupina, prosječne tjelesne mase 52.13±3.46 kg i prosječnog indeksa
tjelesne mase, koji iznosi 19.50±1.04 kg/m2. Četvrti subuzorak predstavljalo je 14
judašica kadetske dobne skupine viših težinskih skupina, prosječne tjelesne mase
67.72±7.80 kg te prosječnog indeksa tjelesne mase, koji iznosi 23.07±2.88 kg/m2.
Prediktorski skup varijabli činilo je 9 testova za procjenu motoričko-funkcionalnih
sposobnosti: fleksibilnost-pretklon sunožno, agilnost-T-test, koordinacija-okretnost na
tlu, ravnoteža-stork test, specifična judo izdržljivost-specifični judo fitness test,
eksplozivna snaga-skok iz čučnja s pripremom, mišićna izdržljivost-podizanje trupa iz
ležanja, maksimalna jakost-lat mašina 1 RM i brzina-trčanje 30 m iz letećeg starta.
Kriterijska varijabla natjecateljske uspješnosti definirana je na temelju prikupljenih
bodova, koje su judaši ostvarili na kriterijskim natjecanjima za tekuću godinu, a koji su
objavljeni u registru Hrvatskog judo saveza.
Doktorska disertacija
Kako bi se utvrdili čimbenici bitni za uspjeh u judu za sve subuzorke ispitanika,
primjenjena je multipla regresijska analiza, te forward stepwise regresijska analiza.
Primjenom forward stepwise regresijske analize dobiveni rezultati pokazali su sljedeće:
- kod uzorka judaša nižih kategorija najveći parcijalni utjecaj na kriterijsku
varijablu imaju varijable za procjenu agilnosti i brzine.
- kod uzorka judaša viših kategorija najveći utjecaj na kriterijsku varijablu imaju
varijable za procjenu maksimalne jakosti i koordinacije.
- kod judašica nižih kategorija najveći utjecaj na kriterijsku varijablu imaju
varijable za procjenu mišićne izdržljivosti i specifične judo izdržljivosti.
- kod judašica viših kategorija najveći utjecaj na kriterijsku varijablu ima varijabla
za procjenu maksimalne jakosti.
Dobiveni beta koeficijenti rangirani su posebno za sve subuzorke ispitanika, na
temelju čega su formirane nove matrice, kako bi se uspoređivali redoslijedi sposobnosti
bitnih za uspjeh u judu. Primijenjenim statističkim metodama utvrdilo se kako nema
statistički značajnih povezanosti između pojedinih subuzoraka u dobivenim rangovima.
Primijenjene su i korelacijske analize rangova beta koeficijenata dobivenih testiranjem i
rezultata ankete dobivenih na temelju stavova vrhunskih trenera za sve subuzorke
ispitanika. Premda dobiveni koeficijenti korelacije ukazuju na određeni stupanj
povezanosti između rezultata dobivenih anketiranjem trenera i onih testiranjem judašakadeta, ipak nije utvrđena statistički značajna korelacija između navedenih parametara.
The main objective of this study was structuring and comparison of different
models of hierarchical classification of motor functional abilities in judoka of the cadet
age group. Two models of research were applied. In the first model of research
(surveying judo coaches), for the purpose of achieving the objective, instrumentquestionnaire was designed the for evaluating the impact of motor functional abilities
for achieving succsses in judo in the cadet age group according to gender and weight
class. The sample was comprised of 40 top judo coaches who filled out the
questionnaire expressing their opinion by entering a number from 1 to 100, which
defined the importance and impact of individual abilities on success in judo depending
on gender and weight categories. The questionnaire consisted of two sets of variables.
The first set of variables represented the variables for identification of judo coaches
pertaining to coaching experience, judo rank, level of education and coaching position
result. The second set of variables represented the motor functional abilities responsible
for success in judo: flexibility, agility, coordination, balance, specific judo endurance,
explosive strength, muscular endurance, maximal strength and speed. By analyzing the
distribution of indicators, acceptable metric characteristics of the questionnaire
variables were found for determining the order and importance of certain motor
functional abilities on the success in judo per the opinion of judo coaches. Based on the
graphic display, the order and importance of motor-functional abilities were determined
depending on gender and categories so that in;
- Male Judoka of lower categories the most important are speed, explosive power and
specific judo endurance, while the maximum strength and flexibility are the least
important for success.
- Male Judoka of higher categories the most important are maximum strength, specific
judo endurance and specific muscular endurance while the agility and flexibility are the
less essential for success in judo.
- Female Judoka of lower categories the most important skills are speed, specific judo
endurance and agility while the flexibility and maximum strength are among the least
important skills for success in judo.
Doktorska disertacija
- Female Judoka of higher categories more valuable are maximum strength, specific
judo endurance and specific muscular endurance while agility and flexibility are the
least valuable for success in judo.
The t-test was applied to determine whether there are statistically significant differences
in the importance of the offered motor functional abilities between the analyzed
subsamples. Results of the t-test suggest that coaches consider agility, speed and
coordination significantly more important for success in judo for male judoka in the
lower weight categories in relation to the higher categories, while the maximum
strength significantly contributes to the success of male judoka in higher compared to
the lower categories. Also, agility, speed and flexibility have greater significance in
female judoka in lower category to a higher category, while the maximum strength has a
greater significance in female judoka when higher compared to the lower weight
classes. By analyzing the differences between the genders (es
The aim of this research was to identify factors of morphological and basic motor status in young judoka in prediction of fighting efficiency. The subject sample included 57 judoka aged 13 to 15, who ...have been involved in training process for averagely three years. The sample of predictor variables included a set of 18 variables for assessing anthropometric characteristics and a set of 12 variables for assessing basic motor abilities. Factor analysis was used to analyze the structure of morphological characteristics and basic motor abilities, and within the analysis, varimax rotation of principal components of the intercorrelation matrix was conducted. Morphological status of judoka was defined by four factors: longitudinal dimensionality of the skeleton, subcutaneous fat tissue, transverse dimensionality of the skeleton and
body mass and volume. Motor status was defined by the following factors: power and coordination (force regulator) factor, movement frequency (speed regulator) factor, flexibility and balance factor and precision factor. Significant impact of morphological-motor factors on situational efficiency in judoka, i.e. success in competitions (multiple correlation was 0.86), was obtained by regression analysis. The best predictor of competition efficiency in young judoka was the factor
which integrates explosive power, coordination and muscle endurance, and which is underlain with a force regulation mechanism. The second most important predictor determining fighting efficiency is the factor of movement frequency which is controlled by a speed regulator mechanism.
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