In the introduction, previous town planning practices in Ljubljana and recent spatial documents of the Municipality of Ljubljana (ML) are presented. In the central part of the paper, the basic ...chapters of the Strategic spatial plan of the ML are analysed and some important parts emphasised. The plan is based on contemporary principles of urban design and the sustainable development. We have stressed the importance of the qualitative upgrading of existing urbanised areas, the renewal of degraded areas and the amelioration of dispersed building. The new housing construction is planned only when that is necessary for the development of the municipality. The improvements of social and economic infrastructures are envisaged as well. The concept of spatial organisation has been developed in three characteristic areas of the ML: the compact city, the suburbia, and the hilly hinterland. In the compactly city a central radiocentric model has been preserved. New building is stimulated along radially city thoroughfares with green wedges between them. In the suburbia, the network of local centres is linked to the thoroughfares at traffic nodal points. A rational use of land is emphasized by decentralised concentration model. In the hilly hinterland new housing construction is mainly directed to existing settlements for preserving quality landscape features. As significant structural elements of the city we emphasise open public and green areas. In the chapter of land use, special attention is paid to housing construction, the central areas and industrial activities. We also give some basic guidelines for traffic development. The last chapter presents the guidelines for urban and architectural design. Characteristic areas, the connecting structures and large landscape structures are defined as basic elements of the city structure identity.
V uvodnem delu obravnavamo urbanistično načrtovanje Ljubljane v preteklosti in predstavimo nove prostorske akte Mestne občine Ljubljana (MOL). V osrednjem delu prispevka razčlenimo temeljne sklope ...Strateškega prostorskega načrta MOL z nekaj najpomembnejšimi poudarki. Pri načrtovanju smo izhajali iz sodobnih načel oblikovanja mesta z upoštevanjem trajnostnega razvoja. Poudarjamo predvsem kakovostno nadgradnjo že urbaniziranih območij, prenovo in sanacijo razpršene gradnje. Poselitev širimo, kjer je to za razvoj občine nujno. Načrtovane so tudi dopolnitve družbene in gospodarske infrastrukture.
Zasnovo organizacije prostora razvijamo v treh značilnih območjih MOL: kompaktnem mestu, obmestju in hribovitem zaledju. V strnjeno zazidanem mestu ohranjamo osrednji koncentrični model in krepimo radialno pozidavo ob krakih, med njimi pa ohranjamo zelene kline. Na ravni obmestja navezujemo na krake mrežo lokalnih centrov in uveljavljamo racionalno rabo prostora z zgostitvami poselitve. Novo poselitev v hribovitem zaledju usmerjamo predvsem v območja obstoječih naselij in ohranjamo krajinske vrednote. Kot pomembne strukturne prvine mesta poudarjamo odprte javne in zelene površine.
V sklopu namenske rabe prostora so posebej obdelani stanovanja, centralne in proizvodne dejavnosti. Podajamo tudi nekaj glavnih usmeritev za razvoj prometa. Zadnji sklop vključuje usmeritve za urbanistično in arhitekturno oblikovanje. Kot glavne elemente razpoznavne strukture mesta opredeljujemo karakteristična območja, povezovalne in velike krajinske strukture.
The article presents the comprehensive approach to planning of the new, sustainably-designed housing estate Ilovica in southern Ljubljana. It was executed as an ideal model of a larger densely ...populated settlement, which would also ensure the reconstruction of the extant area of low-density housing with deficient utilities provision. Besides the architectural and urbanistic design and solutions to technological problems, we also showed implementation possibilities that use instruments of real estate polices (re-parcelling etc.) and prepared a feasibility study of the investment. Such multi-faceted projects demand multi-disciplinary approaches, whereby only the full participation of various experts and also wider community can lead to better results with synergetic effects that are the result of common endeavour.
Članek obravnava celosten pristop pri načrtovanju nove, trajnostno oblikovane soseske Ilovica v južnem delu Ljubljane. Izdelan je bil kot vzorčen model večje zgostitve poselitve, ki bi omogočala tudi ...sanacijo obstoječe gradnje nizke gostote s pomanjkljivo komunalno opremljenostjo. Poleg arhitektonsko-urbanističnega snovanja in reševanja tehnoloških problemov smo prikazali tudi možnost realizacije ob pomoči inštrumentov zemljiške politike (komasacije in drugih) ter izdelali oceno ekonomske upravičenosti investicije. Takšni večji prostorski projekti zahtevajo multidisciplinaren pristop, pri katerem le sodelovanje različnih strokovnjakov in tudi širše skupnosti pripelje do dobrih rezultatov s sinergetskimi učinki, ki so posledica skupnega prizadevanja.
The focus of the article is conditioning settlement to public transport on the regional and urban level. Similar to occurrences in Western Europe even in Slovenia strong settlement pressures and ...issues tied to development of suburbanisation are emerging in wider hinterlands of larger cities. In regional centres, where strong transport flows with frequent congestion happen, public transport should be the backbone of the transport system. It is important for consolidation of larger gravitation areas, especially conurbations. We can nevertheless establish that parallel to increasing use of private cars, the use of public transport is decreasing. Thus the present condition demands improvements of transport systems and suitable settlement density in conjunction with development of public transport. This can be achieved only by synergetic linking of public transport development and physical planning in a sustainable settlement system. In the Ljubljana functional region we specifically dealt with links between settlement and the regional public transport system, above all the proposed regional light-railway and tram system in the strict urban area. The decentralised denser settlement model is presented. Based on the study concerning settlement development in the railway corridors we proposed potential possibilities for denser settlement in the immediate areas of suburban railway stations in the northern part of the region, from Črnuče to Kamnik.
Navezovanje poselitve na javni promet na regionalni in mestni ravni je osnovna vsebina tega prispevka. Kot je značilno za zahodno Evropo, se tudi v Sloveniji v širših zaledjih večjih mest pojavljajo ...izraziti poselitveni pritiski in problemi, ki so vezani na razvoj suburbanizacije. V območjih regionalnih središč, kjer so močni prometni tokovi s pogostimi zastoji motornega prometa, bi moral biti javni promet osnova prometnega sistema. Pomemben je tudi pri konsolidaciji večjih gravitacijskih območij, zlasti somestij. Vendar pa ugotavljamo, da vzporedno s povečano rabo osebnega avtomobila upada uporaba javnih transportnih sredstev. Zato sedanje stanje zahteva sanacijo transportnih sistemov in primerno zgostitev poselitve, vezano predvsem na razvoj javnega prometa. To pa lahko dosežemo le s sinergetskim povezovanjem razvoja javnega potniškega prometa in prostorskega načrtovanja v trajnostno usmerjen poselitveni sistem. Na območju ljubljanske funkcijske regije smo še posebej obdelali povezovanje poselitve z regionalnim sistemom javnega prometa, predvsem s predvideno regionalno lahko železnico oziroma tramvajskim sistemom na ožjem mestnem območju. Predstavljen je model decentralizirane zgostitve poselitve. Na osnovi študije o konceptu razvoja naselij v koridorjih tirnega prometa je bil narejen predlog za potencialne možnosti zgostitve poselitve v ožjih območjih postaj primestne železnice v severnem delu regije od Črnuč do Kamnika.
In the last decades developed countries have tried to improve and strengthen public transport modes in urban regions, because they have established negative effects of car traffic on mobility: ...bottlenecks, increased investment in road infrastructure. New movements that have emerged in the nineties in USA, often coined as smart growth, emphasise efficient urban growth, which should be tied to public transport enabling rational prices of infrastructure and better spatial use. Good examples of such developments are shown, such as the San Francisco Bay area (California), Portland (Oregon) and Salt Lake (Utah).
Razvite države se v zadnjih desetletjih trudijo izboljšati in povečati prevoz z javnimi prevoznimi sredstvi v mestnih regijah, ker ugotavljajo negativne vplive avtomobilskega prometa na mobilnost: ...zastoji, zasičenost v prometu, povečana vlaganja v cestno infrastrukturo. Nova gibanja, ki so se pojavila v devetdesetih letih v ZDA in jih pogosto označujejo s pametno rastjo (smarth growth), poudarjajo učinkovitost urbane rasti, ki naj bi se vezala na javni promet in omogočala racionalnost cen infrastrukture in boljšo izkoriščenost prostora. Kot zanimive primere takšnega razvoja prikazujemo območja v San Francisco Bayu (California), Portlandu (Oregon) in Salt Laku (Utah).
Various new forms of settlements composed of sustainable communities are emerging all around the World as answers to the urban crises in great cities. These settlements differ, especially when ...comparing the countries where they appear. However they also have many common features, such as the humane scale and social community cohesion, public participation in their management, enforcing new societal values and sustainable orientation of activities. These settlements where developed following development of information and communication technology and correspond to the introduction of new styles of life and employment.
Guiding urban development demands a comprehensive approach in the wider, regional sense. Sustainable models for regional cities include the development of the central compact city and decentralised ...densening of suburban areas. One of the guiding principles of the decentralised concentration model is establishing connections between the development of regional structures with the development of public transport. Development is concentrated in strategic points along the regional public transport routes. Thus smaller centres (with higher density) are formed along public transport routes, joining various urban functions: work, residence, shopping and leisure.
PDF