Iako se šumarstvo smatra tradicionalnom strukom i područjem znanosti, njegova važnost i značenje u današnjim prilikama povećane svijesti o klimatskim promjena i dobrobiti održivog razvoja prirodnih ...ekosustava svakim danom sve više raste. Suvremeni i ažurirani studijski programi neophodni su uvjet za primjereno obrazovanje stručnjaka za gospodarenje šumskim ekosustavima i proizvodima.
Bolji uvid u studentsku socioekonomsku pozadinu i motivaciju za studij mogu poslužiti za unapređenje studijskih programa, kao i pomoć studentima u postizanju boljih rezultata. Provedeno je istraživanje radi usporedbe trajanja preddiplomskog studija i postignute prosječne ocjene s analizom čimbenika koji bi mogli na to utjecati. Proveden je upitnik među studentima (N=185) diplomskih studija Šumarskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu akademske godine 2016/2017. Analizom varijance testirane su razlike između prosječnih ocjena studija i trajanja studija. Za procjenu utjecaja čimbenika na trajanje studija provedena je višestruka linearna regresija.
Približno trećina studenata dolazi iz Zagreba. Više od dvije trećine studenata na šumarskom odsjeku je završilo gimnaziju, dok su na drvnotehnološkom odsjeku dvije trećine studenata završile srednje strukovne škole. Prosječne ocjene i trajanje studija ne razlikuju se statistički značajno po studijskim programima ni po spolu. Prosječna ocjena studija i trajanje studija statistički su značajno negativno korelirani za sva tri studijska programa. Statistički značajni prediktor trajanja studija za sva tri studijska programa je prosječna ocjena studija. Za studij Šumarstvo dodatni prediktori za kraće studiranje su stipendija i osobna motivacija, dok su za studij drvne tehnologije spol (M), stipendija i završena srednja škola (gimnazija).
Although forestry is often considered as a traditional field of applied science, it resumes its importance in context of increased awareness of climate change and benefits coming from natural ecosystems. Updated and contemporary study programmes are needed to ensure an adequate education on managing forest ecosystems and its products.
A better insight in student background and their motivation for studies are welcome to improve the study programmes and also to find the ways how to help students achieve better results. A case study research was carried out to measure success of studies by duration of studies and average grades achieved, with possible causes. Three undergraduate study programmes on Zagreb Faculty of Forestry were analyzed (Forestry N=94, Urban forestry N=54 and Wood Technology N=39), with data acquired from a questionnaire among forestry graduate students on the same faculty academic year 2016/2017. A Factorial ANOVA was performed to test differences between the studies, and a multivariate linear regression for the influence of predictor variables on the duration of study.
Although this profession is associated with people from rural areas, about one third of all students comes from the capital city (Figure 1). Students of Wood Technology (DT) are mostly coming from vocational schools (70%) while Forestry (ŠO) and Urban Forestry (UŠ) students are mostly from gymnasiums (67% and 83%). For about 91% of students main motivation was a personal sake rather than a family interest (9%). Average scores and the duration of study on three study programmes have not been proven significantly different between the studies, nor between male and female students (Table 5). A longer time of study is proven to negatively correlated with the average grades on all study programmes: ŠO (r = -0,56), UŠ (r = -0,55) and DT (r = -0,38) (Table 4.). Statistically significant predictor for duration (with logarithmic transformation) on all study programmes in regression analysis was the average grade, with negative sign, thus leading to a shorter study time. Additional statistically significant predictors for ŠO were obtained grant and personal motivation (negative sign), and for DT were sex, obtained grant, and type of high school (Table 6).
Donošenje odluka, kao proces odabira neke od alternativa kojima se rješava dani problem, u šumarstvu je naglašeno zahtjevno zbog mnogobrojnosti i širokog raspona kriterija uključenih u proces ...odlučivanja. Primjena različitih metoda višekriterijskog odlučivanja u takvim se situacijama pokazuje kao važan i potencijalno dobar način pristupanja brojnim šumarskim pitanjima i problemima. U tom smislu, u ovom se radu primjenom višekriterijske metode odlučivanja Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) ocijenila prikladnost primjene pojedinih sustava pridobivanja drva za odabranu šumsku sastojinu, odnosno radilište. Na temelju ispitivanja šumarskih stručnjaka i usporedbe postojećih sustava pridobivanja drva, prema postavljenim kriterijima, utvrdili su se rangovi pojedinih alternativa i donijet je prijedlog odluke o odabiru optimalnog sustava pridobivanja drva za predviđene proizvodne zadaće i konkretne uvjete određenog šumsko-gospodarskog područja. S obzirom na definirane tehnološko-biološke, ekonomske, ekološke, ergonomske, energijske i estetske kriterije odabira, kao najpogodnija opcija ocijenjen je sustav kojega čine harvester i forvarder.
Decision-making, as a process of selecting some of the alternatives to solve a given problem, in forestry is extremely demanding because of the multiplicity and wide range of criteria involved in the decision-making process. Such interests and criteria cover a number of economic issues, social issues, environmental and ecological issues. The application of different multicriteria decision-making
methods in such situations can be an important and potentially good way of addressing many forestry issues and problems. Multicriteria decision-making has been present in forestry for more than 40 years, however, more significant application has begun in the 1990s and numerous, in the meantime published multi-criteria papers dealing with different forestry issues in various areas. In this paper, a multicriteria procedure – Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate the existing timber harvesting systems in Croatian forestry. The AHP, introduced by Thomas Saaty (1980), is an effective tool for dealing with complex decision making. By reducing complex decisions to a series of pairwise comparisons, and then synthesizing the results, the AHP helps to capture both subjective and objective aspects of a decision. In this way it aids the decision maker to set priorities and make the optimal decision. By using the AHP method, the appropriateness of particular timber harvesting systems for the specific conditions of selected forest stand and planned production tasks (thinning) was evaluated. The study included a comparison of seven different timber harvesting systems, i.e. alternatives: 1) Logger and adapted farm tractor, 2) Logger and skidder with winch, 3) Logger and forestry trailer with crane, 4) Logger and forwarder, 5) Harvester and forwarder, 6) Logger and mobile tower yarder, 7) Logger and cable yarder on truck. The aim was to develop a model for multicriteria assessment of the suitability and effectiveness of particular timber harvesting systems and also demonstrate the possibilities of applying the AHP method, as well as other multicriteria methods in forestry. Based on the prepared questionnaire, i.e. examination of forestry experts and comparison of existing timber harvesting systems, according to the set criteria, the ranks of individual alternatives were determined and a decision proposal was made on the selection of optimal timber harvesting system for the foreseen production tasks and specific conditions of a particular forest management area. Given the defined technological-biological, economic, environmental, ergonomic, energy and aesthetic selection criteria, a system consisting of a harvester and a forwarder was evaluated as the most appropriate option. Designed multi-criteria approach offers more comprehensive bases for deciding on the most suitable technologies and means of work at many different forestry sites in Croatia. The research results can thus support forestry professionals in decision making and indirectly influence the selection and implementation of specific timber harvesting systems. The development and application of AHP and other multi-criteria methods in this regard can be valuable assistance at the strategic and operational level of decision-making in forestry.
Processing of wood and manufacture of wood and cork products, excluding furniture, manufacture of straw and plaiting goods (C16) and manufacture of furniture (C31) were the most competitive ...activities of the Republic of Croatia in the European market in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Those activities began losing their market share at the end of 1994, and no significant positive change in market competitiveness has been recorded since then. The question is how to achieve and maintain competitiveness, which is the condition of survival in an increasingly demanding environment. Preliminary and previous research on investments points to the assumption that the problem of competitiveness in the observed economic branch essentially boils down to a problem in the quality and efficiency of the investments of associated business entities. This paper tries to give answers to the following questions: What is the investment policy, is there an internal factor for lagging behind in competitiveness, what the other reasons are and how competitiveness can be achieved. By analyzing the investment in key factors of competitiveness in the period 2007 to 2010, consistently established by this paper, the existing data on investment of wood processing and furniture manufacturing entities will be identified, and an AHP investment model will be proposed that takes into account the simultaneous influence of all of the key factors of competitiveness and is the best indicator of the direction to be taken, with the final aim of achieving competitiveness.
The paper presents a case study in which a potential investor wanted to invest into a furniture store in the part of the Republic of Croatia named Dalmatia. In four Dalmatian counties (Split, Zadar, ...Šibenik and Dubrovnik counties), 220 randomly selected persons (180 answered) were asked by telephone what kind of furniture they would like to buy in the next two years and how much they were prepared to pay for the purchase. Based on the results of a consumer survey, fi ve possible alternatives (product lines) were selected and the priorities determined, i.e. which product line was the most profi table taking into account criteria of successful business operations using the multi-criteria model.
Prerada drva i proizvoda od drva i pluta, osim namještaja; proizvodnja proizvoda od slame i pletarskih materijala (C16) i proizvodnja namještaja (C31) Republike Hrvatske u kasnim 1980-ima i ranim ...1990-im godinama bili su konkurentna aktivnost na europskom tržištu. Nakon 1994. godine te djelatnosti počinju gubiti svoje tržišne udjele i do danas nije zabilježena znatnija pozitivna promjena tržišne konkurentnosti. Postavlja se pitanje kako ostvariti i održati konkurentnost, što je uvjet opstanka u sve zahtjevnijem okruženju. Preliminarna i prethodna istraživanja investicijske aktivnosti upućuju na pretpostavku da se problem konkurentnosti promatranoga gospodarstva u osnovi svodi na problem kvalitete i učinkovitosti investicijskih ulaganja pripadajućih gospodarskih subjekata. Kakva je investicijska politika i je li ona unutarnji čimbenik zaostajanja u konkurentnosti, koji su drugi razlozi i kako postići konkurentnost, pitanja su na koja odgovor daje ovaj rad. Analizom ulaganja u ključne čimbenike konkurentnosti u razdoblju od 2007. do 2010. godine, konzistentno utvrđene ovim radom, identificirat će se postojeći model investicijskih ulaganja gospodarskih subjekata prerade drva i proizvodnje namještaja te predložiti AHP model investicijskih ulaganja koji uzima u obzir istodobni utjecaj svih ključnih čimbenika konkurentnosti i najbolji je pokazatelj u kojem smjeru treba krenuti radi postizanja konačnog cilja – osiguranja konkurentnosti.
A provenance experiment of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) was established in Croatia in 1998 as part of an international network of beech provenance trials. Of the 36 provenances present in the ...trial, six were selected for the presentation of a new method for assessing their adaptability: easternmost (Ukraine UK-59), westernmost (France F-5), northernmost (Sweden S-23), two southernmost (Croatia, easternmost CR-3 and westernmost CR-18) and one central (Czech Republic CZ-51). The selection was made by choosing the minimal number of most distant provenances from the area of the natural distribution range of beech. Flushing as an indicator of physiological character was monitored in seven phenophases, which were recorded on seven dates during the years 2000 and 2001. The differences in entering phenophase 3 (indicating the very beginning of flushing when plant is most sensitive to frost) were analysed using a product limit estimator. The six analysed provenances may be classified into three different groups: early flushing (CR-3, CZ-51), intermediate flushing (CR-18, UK-59) and late flushing (F-5, S-23). The provenances were then ranked with Analytical Hierarchy Process in order to select the most adaptable one using the following criteria: survival, date entering phenophase 3 and mean height.
U radu su prikazani višekriterijski modeli koji u šumarstvu mogu poslužiti kao podrška u planiranju i odlučivanju. Ukratko je opisano i us pore đe no više metoda među kojima su: analiza omeđivanja ...podataka, anali tički hi jerarhijski proces, jednostavno višeatributno rangiranje, metode vi šeg ranga i dr. Cilj je bio pojasniti za koje se vrste zadataka i problema takve metode mogu primijeniti u šumarstvu. Time je omogućen uvid u karakteristike pojedinih metoda i pomoć u odabiru potencijalnih metoda kod eventualne primje ne. Uloga i značaj višekriterijskih modela u šumarstvu opisani su brojnim primjerima i iz vo rima u kojima su primijenjeni različiti modeli. U radu se tako đer kroz prikaz istraživanja provedenih na primjeru “Hrvatskih šuma” d.o.o. Zagreb daje uvid u mogućnosti te svrsishodnost i opravdanost primjene vi šekriterijskih matema tičkih modela. Zaključuje se da razvoj i primjena mode la višekriterijskog odlu či vanja može pridonijeti lakšem analiziranju, planiranju i predviđanju pri gospodarenju šumama.
The paper presents the results of research into the effects of body mass (BM) on basic physiological indicators of work capability among forestry workers. The indicators included the maximum ...theoretical heart rate, the maximum heart rate in exertion tests, and the basal energy expenditure. The effects of the deviation of the actual from the ideal BM values were analysed on a sample of 8 workers. The variables included age, body height and mass. These were used to determine the maximum theoretical heart rate. The maximum heart rate was determined in an ergonomic laboratory in a programmed exertion test on a treadmill. Using standard formulae in work physiology, values of work capability indicators were calculated for the actual and ideal BM of each worker. The results, embracing individual and summary values and their absolute and relative ratios, showed that workers exceeded their ideal BM by an average of 9.9 kg. In all workers, the maximum theoretical heart rate was higher than that achieved in the exertion test. It was also found that even significant deviations of the ideal from the actual BM (the actual BM was more than 20% higher than the ideal BM) did not have any considerable effects on the maximum theoretical heart rate. The analysis of oxygen consumption showed that in relation to physical capability of the ideal BM and the maximal theoretical heart rate, physical capability of each worker was lower by an average of 11.5%. The highest reduction of physical capability was found in those workers with the least favourable ratio between the theoretical and the maximal tested heart rate. It was concluded that on average, the basal energy expenditure in each worker was higher by 7.45% due to the deviation of the actual from the ideal BM. At constant values of other factors, this means an equivalently lower capacity for daily physical performance.
Assessing forest value with the eigenvector method Šegotić, K., University of Zagreb (Croatia). Faculty of Forestry; Posavec, S., University of Zagreb (Croatia). Faculty of Forestry
Ekológia Bratislava,
2007, Letnik:
26, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The objective of this paper is to test the possibility of applying multi-criteria programming as a decision-making tool for assessing the value of a management unit. A combined calculation method was ...used to determine the total value of the growing stock, forestland, non-wood forest functions, game management, forest roads and secondary forest products for the Management Unit Gaj, Forest Office Našice. The proposed mathematical model can also be used to support an optimal decision-making process in forest management. Saatys eigenvector method (AHP) was used. This method allows for the inclusion of a large set of complex factors influencing the basic evaluation purpose. The development of computer technology has played an important role in solving mathematical modelling problems by making it possible to develop and apply operational research. Expert Choice and Statistica 6.0 programmes were used. This paper is a contribution to the already broadly used modern methods of evaluating renewable natural resources and establishing scientific foundations for a suitable method of determining forest value.
Processing of wood and manufacture of wood and cork products, excluding furniture, manufacture of straw and plaiting goods (C16) and manufacture of furniture (C31) were the most competitive ...activities of the Republic of Croatia in the European market in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Those activities began losing their market share at the end of 1994, and no significant positive change in market competitiveness has been recorded since then. The question is how to achieve and maintain competitiveness, which is the condition of survival in an increasingly demanding environment. Preliminary and previous research on investments points to the assumption that the problem of competitiveness in the observed economic branch essentially boils down to a problem in the quality and efficiency of the investments of associated business entities. This paper tries to give answers to the following questions: What is the investment policy, is there an internal factor for lagging behind in competitiveness, what the other reasons are and how competitiveness can be achieved. By analyzing the investment in key factors of competitiveness in the period 2007 to 2010, consistently established by this paper, the existing data on investment of wood processing and furniture manufacturing entities will be identified, and an AHP investment model will be proposed that takes into account the simultaneous influence of all of the key factors of competitiveness and is the best indicator of the direction to be taken, with the final aim of achieving competitiveness. Key words: wood processing, furniture manufacturing, AHP investment model, competitiveness Prerada drva i proizvoda od drva i pluta, osim namjestaja; proizvodnja proizvoda od slame i pletarskih materijala (C16) i proizvodnja namjestaja (C31) Republike Hrvatske u kasnim 1980-ima i ranim 1990-im godinama bili su konkurentna aktivnost na europskom trzistu. Nakon 1994. godine te djelatnosti pocinju gubiti svoje trvisne udjele i do danas nije zabiljevena znatnija pozitivna promjena trvisne konkurentnosti. Postavlja se pitanje kako ostvariti i odrvati konkurentnost, sto je uvjet opstanka u sve zahtjevnijem okruvenju. Preliminarna i prethodna istravivanja investicijske aktivnosti upucuju na pretpostavku da se problem konkurentnosti promatranoga gospodarstva u osnovi svodi na problem kvalitete i ucinkovitosti investicijskih ulaganja pripadajucih gospodarskih subjekata. Kakva je investicijska politika i je li ona unutarnji cimbenik zaostajanja u konkurentnosti, koji su drugi razlozi i kako postici konkurentnost, pitanja su na koja odgovor daje ovaj rad. Analizom ulaganja u kljucne cimbenike konkurentnosti u razdoblju od 2007. do 2010. godine, konzistentno utvrctene ovim radom, identificirat ce se postojeci model investicijskih ulaganja gospodarskih subjekataprerade drva i proizvodnje namjestaja te predloviti AHP model investicijskih ulaganja koji uzima u obzir istodobni utjecaj svih kljucnih cimbenika konkurentnosti i najbolji je pokazatelj u kojem smjeru treba krenuti radi postizanja konacnog cilja osiguranja konkurentnosti. Kljucne rijeci: prerada drva, proizvodnja namjestaja, AHP model investicijskih ulaganja, konkurentnost
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