In the socialist times, large housing estates in the Central and East European (CEE) cities were praised for effectively resolving the housing crisis, providing good and homogenous housing conditions ...at reasonable costs and enabling rapid urbanization. Following the collapse of communism, they have met with various consequences of low-cost construction based on prefabrication, lack of repair and upgrading investments and neglected or deferred maintenance, and the Western experience drew attention to the socio-economic outcomes of further physical downgrading. As the flats located in these estates make up almost half of the total urban housing stock in the CEE region, thus having a significant impact on the overall housing quality, this paper discusses the post-socialist context of development of these estates based on the existing literature and an interdisciplinary analytical approach, with an emphasis on their rehabilitation. The research questions relate to the problems they have been affected by, mechanisms and methods of interventions and multifaceted differences between the CEE and West European estates. The aim of the paper is to analyse the development and rehabilitation challenges that these estates have encountered during post-socialism and thus join the discussion on future prospects and feasible and sustainable upgrading related policies and programmes.
There is an extensive body of literature exploring the changes that large housing estates (LHE) in Central and East European (CEE) cities have undergone since the beginning of the post-socialist ...transition. Although some studies discussed residents’ satisfaction with the transformed neighborhood environment within these estates, analyzing differences at the national, CEE and pan-European levels, they have primarily focused on cities in fast-track reforming countries, leaving the non-EU context unexplored. In addition, more recent analyses are generally scarce, while little is known about how LHEs, particularly unrefurbished ones, compare to newer housing types of similar densities in these terms. The paper aims to contribute to filling these research gaps by investigating neighborhood satisfaction in two unrefurbished LHEs and one recently built residential district in Novi Sad, the second largest city in Serbia. The research data was collected from 162 structured ‘traditional’ (in-person) face-to-face interviews involving a Likert-type questionnaire supplemented with open-ended questions. It was processed in the SPSS 23.0 software package. ANOVA and Scheffe post-hoc tests were used to determine differences and Chronbach’s Alpha to measure internal consistency. Through a series of descriptive comparative analyses, the paper examines the variations in evaluations of specific neighborhood features and the correlation between residents’ satisfaction, their potential mobility and the housing market position of the studied areas. The research results indicate that the majority of LHE residents are satisfied with their neighborhood environment, live in the neighborhood of preference and do not feel ‘trapped’, while the situation in the newly built residential district is somewhat different, revealing the shortcomings of post-socialist urbanism. The concluding section discusses the research results against the backdrop of previous studies, questions the stability of neighborhood satisfaction in unrefurbished CEE LHEs, highlights the importance of regeneration, and proposes directions for future investigations.
From the perspective of non-Anglophone countries, accountability, liability, and capacity of scientific research is often related to the process of internationalization. The article explores the ...effects of this process on the example of publication and citation patterns of Serbian scholars. Results of the analysis are mostly in line with the common conceptions about the differences among scientific disciplines. Authors in social sciences and humanities have manifested more nationally oriented publication and citation behavior, tendency to cite older literature, and stronger preference towards non-journal literature. However, huge individual differences among scholars and some inconsistencies between their publication and citation patterns, reveal a form of latent conflict between the accustomed publishing behavior in social sciences and humanities and the new dynamics of knowledge production. This conflict obscures the notion of typical or expected behavior of scholars in certain disciplines and has important implications for research evaluation. Scholars in social sciences and humanities were not so eager and successful in shifting their communication to the international arena. For them, national journals still play a crucial role in the “local” information exchange. But the question is how one transitional country that is facing serious structural challenges and weak economy can afford to support “locally relevant” research projects and whether national journals have become a mere tool for an ungainly customized research evaluation in the social sciences and humanities.
Regardant de la perspective des pays non-anglophones, la responsabilité et la capacité des recherches scientifiques sont très souvent liée aux procès de l’internationalisation. Cet article explore les effets de ce procès sur l’exemple des modèles des publications et des citations utilisées par les spécialistes serbes. Les résultats de l’analyse sont en général conformes aux conceptions communes des différences parmi les disciplines scientifiques. Les auteurs des études sociales et humaines manifestaient le comportement et la tendance plus nationaux, de citer la littérature plus ancienne, et les préférences plus fortes envers la littérature non-périodique. Cependant, les immenses différences individuelles parmi les spécialistes et quelques incohérences entre leurs modèles de publication et de citation, découvrent une forme du conflit latent entre le comportement de l’édition habituelle dans la sphère des études sociales et humaines et la nouvelle dynamique de la production du savoir. Ce conflit dissimule la notion du comportement typique ou attendu des spécialistes dans certaines disciplines et porte les implications importantes pour les évaluations des recherches. Les spécialistes des études sociales et humaines n’étaient tellement enthousiastes ni réussis en transmettre leur communications à l’arène internationale. Pour eux, les journaux nationaux jouent toujours un rôle crucial dans l’échange «locale» des informations. Mais la question est, un pays de transition qui fait face aux sérieux chalenges structuraux et à une faible économie, comment il peut supporter les projets des recherches localement significatifs, et si les journaux nationaux viennent de devenir un simple instrument pour une évaluation maladroitement personnalisée des recherches dans les études sociales et humaines.
U ovom se članku argumentira da je Marquis de Sade izvorniji i važniji filozof Prosvjetiteljstva no što se inače smatra. Tvrdimo da je de Sade i za suvremeno vrijeme važan autor i naturalistički ...mislitelj vrijedan pozornosti s obzirom na suvremenu znanost, religiju, (homo)seksualnost, političko nasilje i prevladavajuće sociokulturne norme. Da bismo dokazali ove tvrdnje, iscrpno analiziramo de Sadeove filozofije naturalizma i materijalizma, tj. njegovu metafiziku i radikalnu etiku »imoralnosti«, temeljenu na viđenju (ljudske) Prirode kao jedinog organizirajućeg, stvaralačkog i uništavalačkog principa. Nadalje, opisujemo njegove ateističke i antiteističke argumente koje dosljedno koristi da bi odbacio mogućnost Boga i svih natprirodnih bića, povezane s njegovim društvenim i političkim kriticizmom društva temeljenog na vjeri. Stoga, ocrtavamo filozofijske argumente koje su ga učinile kontroverznim, nečasnim i odbačenim misliteljem i koji su ga društveno otklonili od prevladavajućeg filozofijskog miljea. Također argumentiramo u korist mogućnosti da zaslužuje istaknutije mjesto u povijesti filozofije koje nije kongruentno s različitim »rehabilitativnim« i »revizionističkim« narativima vezanim uz de Sadea kao ranog prvaka Protuprosvjetiteljstva, protuznanosti i postmodernizma.
Cet article affirme que le Marquis de Sade est un philosophe des Lumières bien plus original et important que ce qui est habituellement pensé. Nous affirmons que Sade est un auteur et penseur naturaliste également important pour l’époque contemporaine qui mérite de retenir notre attention au regard de la science moderne, la religion, l’(homo)sexualité, la violence politique et les normes sociales dominantes. Afin de démontrer ces affirmations, nous analysons soigneusement les philosophies du naturalisme et matérialisme de Sade, à savoir sa métaphysique et son éthique radicale de « l’immoralité », fondée sur sa vision de la Nature (humaine) en tant qu’unique principe organisateur, créateur et destructeur. Par ailleurs, nous décrivons les arguments athéistes et antithéistes dont il se sert de manière cohérente pour rejeter la possibilité de l’existence de Dieu et de tous les êtres supranaturels, couplés à son criticisme sociale et politique d’une société fondée sur la religion. Ainsi, nous dépeignons les arguments philosophiques qui font de lui un penseur controversé, infâme, rejeté, et qui l’ont éloigné socialement du milieu philosophique dominant. Nous argumentons également en faveur de la possibilité qu’il mériterait une place plus importante dans l’histoire de la philosophie qui ne s’accorde pas avec les discours de « réhabilitation » et « révisionniste » attribués à Sade en tant que champion anti-Lumière, antisciences et postmoderniste.
Dieses Paper argumentiert, dass Marquis de Sade ein ursprünglicherer und relevanterer Philosoph der Aufklärung ist, als allgemein angenommen wird. Wir vertreten die Ansicht, dass er auch heutzutage einen angesehenen Autor und einen bemerkenswerten naturalistischen Denker hinsichtlich der zeitgenössischen Wissenschaft, organisierten Religion, (Homo)sexualität, politischen Gewalt und der vorherrschenden soziokulturellen Normen darstellt. Um diese Behauptungen zu belegen, analysieren wir eingehend de Sades Philosophien des Naturalismus und Materialismus, d. h. seine Metaphysik und seine radikale Ethik der „Immoralität“, aufbauend auf der Betrachtung der (menschlichen) Natur als des einzigen organisierenden, schöpferischen und zerstörerischen Prinzips. Darüber hinaus führen wir en détail seine atheistischen und antitheistischen Argumente auf, die er konsequent vorbringt, um die Möglichkeit eines Gottes und aller übernatürlichen Wesen zu verwerfen, gepaart mit seiner sozialen und politischen Kritik an einer Glaubensgesellschaft. So umreißen wir die philosophischen Argumente, die ihn zu einem umstrittenen, anrüchigen und denunzierten Denker machten und ihn sozial vom prägenden philosophischen Milieu distanzierten. Wir treten auch für die Option ein, dass er einen prominenteren Platz in der Geschichte der Philosophie verdient, der nicht kongruent ist mit diversen „rehabilitativen“ und „revisionistischen“ Narrativen in Bezug auf de Sade als einen frühen Verfechter der Gegenaufklärung, Antiwissenschaft und Postmodernismus.
This paper argues that Marquis de Sade is a more original and relevant Enlightenment philosopher than it is commonly thought. We argue that de Sade is a notable author and a noteworthy naturalist thinker in contemporary times as well, concerning modern science, organized religion, (homo)sexuality, political violence and prevalent sociocultural norms. In order to demonstrate these claims, we thoroughly analyse de Sadeʼs philosophies of naturalism and materialism, i.e., his metaphysics and his radical ethics of “immorality”, based on viewing (human) Nature as a sole organizing, creative and destructive principle. Furthermore, we detail his atheist and anti-theistic arguments, which he consistently uses to reject the possibility of a God and all supernatural beings, coupled with his social and political criticism of a faith-based society. Thus, we outline the philosophical arguments that made him a controversial, infamous and denounced thinker, and which socially distanced him from the prevailing philosophical milieu. We also argue for the possibility that he deserves a more prominent place in the history of philosophy which is not congruent with the various “rehabilitative” and “revisionist” narratives regarding de Sade as an early champion of the Counter-Enlightenment, anti-science and postmodernism.
Virgin Birth Controversy Rajačić, Ana Bilinović; Škorić, Marko
Anthropos,
01/2021, Letnik:
116, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Virgin birth controversy enjoys a privileged status in the history of anthropology and reflects the exceptional interest anthropology takes in “biological facts” of human procreation. In the widest ...sense, this controversy centers around procreative beliefs, or more precisely, the “discovery” of people who were considered to be ignorant of the facts of physiological paternity and the causal relationship between copulation and pregnancy (in humans). This paper offers an overview of the main theoretical approaches and an insight into the variety of empirical findings presented by the numerous participants in the virgin birth debate. It especially focuses on a critical assessment of the provided argumentation on the subject of procreative ignorance, as well as the matter of interpretation of ethnographical facts and an analysis of the meaning of “biological facts” from a cross-cultural perspective.
This meta-analytic study reviews empirical research published from 2007 to 2013 with an aim of providing robust conclusions about the relationship between social media use and citizen engagement. It ...includes 22 studies that used self-reported measures of social media use and participation, with a total of 116 relationships/effects. The results suggest that social media use generally has a positive relationship with engagement and its three sub-categories, that is, social capital, civic engagement, and political participation. More specifically, we find small-to-medium size positive relationships between expressive, informational, and relational uses of social media and the above indicators of citizen engagement. For identity- and entertainment-oriented uses of social media, our analyses find little evidence supporting their relationship with citizen engagement.
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