Objective
The objective of our study was to investigate the prevalence and risk of developing stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in each type of high‐intensity sport, and the associated impact on ...quality of life in sportswomen.
Methods
This cross‐sectional study was conducted between March and November 2016. The study included 278 sportswomen. The basic inclusion criteria were being nulliparous and engaging in high‐intensity physical activity. The exclusion criteria were childbirth, surgical treatment of gynecological and urological illnesses and urinary tract infection. For evaluation were used: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence (ICIQ‐UISF), the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB‐q), the Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (I‐QOL).
Results
The highest percentage of SUI was found in athletes (23.8%), followed by volleyball players (19.6%). We found that cumulative metabolic equivalent (MET) did not affect SUI, but the type of sport did. The risk of SUI was highest in volleyball sportswomen (odds ratioOR = 2.16,95% confidence intervalCI = 0.96–4.89, P < 0.05) and athletes (OR = 2.56,95%CI = 0.87–7.51, P = 0.08). As assessed by the I‐ QOL, SUI in people who participated in fitness and athletics (e.g., basketball, volleyball and handball) had a negative impact on quality of life including behavior, psychosocial impacts and social embarrassment score.
Conclusion
Volleyball players have a 116% chance of getting SUI compared to women who play other types of sports that were analyzed as part of this study. Healthcare professionals should inform the population of sportswomen with risk factors for SUI in order to implement preventive physiotherapy for strengthening pelvic floor muscles.
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to monitor the prevalence of symptoms of stress (SUI) and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) in sportswomen performing high-impact exercises. A further ...objective was to compare the symptoms of urinary incontinence (UI) and quality of life in sportswomen. We used the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-SF), the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-q), the Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (I-QOL) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), short version. The group consisted of 503 sportswomen with a mean age of 21.1±3.6. The response rate was 71.15%. ICIQ-SF results confirmed mild difficulties with urine leakage in 72 (14.3%) sportswomen. Urinary leakage was not noted in 431 (85.7%) sportswomen. The OAB-q and I-QOL showed a significant difference, with pronounced symptoms of UUI and worse QOL in the group of sportswomen with urine leakage (p<0.000). The I-QOL recorded significantly worse parameters in the group of sportswomen with urine leakage (p<0.000). Prevalence of SUI was found in 68 (13.52%), and MUI was found in 4 (0.80%) sportswomen. Every seventh sportswoman (14.3%) in the study group had reported problems with UI when practising high-impact sporting activities, with a negative impact on QOL.
Objectives: To compare body composition in young overweight women with OAB compared to women without OAB, and to determine the severity of the symptoms of OAB, as well as to investigate the impact of ...OAB on quality of life.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 1932 enrolled women classed as overweight (BMI:25–29.9).From this sample, 276 women were recruited. Of these, 206 women with an average age of 30.6 ± 20.4 years and an average BMI of 25.8 ± 3.0 were confirmed to be overweight. We used the Voiding Diary, the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire(OAB-q),and the Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QoL) scale. Body composition was measured using direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, with assessment of: skeletal muscle mass(kg)(SMM), body fat mass (kg)(BFM), body fat percentage (%)(BFP), visceral fat area (cm2/level)(VFA), and waist to hip ratio(WHR).
Results: The voiding diary and OAB-q results confirmed OAB in 102 women. There was no significant difference in BMI between groups. The body composition analysis showed significant differences in BFP, VFA, and WHR, with higher values in the OAB group(p < 0.01). SMM, however, was higher in the group without OAB(p < 0.01). Recorded I-QoL scores showed worse parameters in the OAB group(p < 0.001). Women with a body fat percentage above 32% have a 1.95 times greater chance of developing OAB. Odds ratio OR = 1.95,(95%CI:1.09–3.52,p < 0.02).
Conclusion: Body fat percentage, visceral fat area, and waist to hip ratio were significantly higher in overweight women with OAB, compared with women without OAB and a comparable BMI.
Published research studies in Central Europe have been mostly oriented toward occupational stress among schoolteachers. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of occupational stress in ...kindergarten teachers and to specify psychosocial risks associated with their work.
The study was conducted by using a Meister questionnaire and a Psychosocial risk questionnaire. The data collection was obtained from kindergarten teachers in 2017. The survey link with request was sent to participants via email. A total 287 questionnaires from 67 kindergarten schools were collected.
192 (66.9%) teachers perceived their work as mentally burdensome. Teachers who perceived their work as mentally non-burdening were more likely to report autonomy in their work (p=0.001), fair performance evaluation (p=0.010), sufficient family time (p=0.005), a health-protected workplace (p=0.000) and absence of violence and bullying (p=0.042). Teachers with a university degree perceiving work as mentally burdensome reported that their work was not adequately assessed (p=0.034). Teachers over 45 years of age with school practice of over 20 years reported injustice in evaluating work performance against younger colleagues (p=0.000).
Kindergarten teachers reported overloading, time pressure, and high responsibility, but considered their work interesting. However, changing the way teachers work in schools can reduce teacher resignation and improve teachers' well-being.
Cannabis control legislation ranks among key measures to prevent social-health impacts of its use. The article qualitatively analyses respective legislation in the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, ...and Hungary (Visegrad Four, V4) considering level of decriminalisation of cannabis use in relation to current epidemiological situation.
Qualitative analysis of the cannabis control legislation in V4 countries from 1995 to 2016 focusing on criminal liability, differentiation of cannabis from other illicit substances, definition of a small amount intended for personal use, sentences for possessing and dealership of the drug. Results: Slovakia, Hungary and Poland share similar restrictive legislative approach throughout the studied period. In the Czech Republic, the situation has been different and since 2010 cannabis has been further decriminalised: possession of defined small amount of drug not being under prosecution and milder sentences for cannabis than for other illicit psychoactive substances.
Slovakia, Hungary and Poland share similar restrictive legislative approach throughout the studied period. In the Czech Republic, the situation has been different and since 2010 cannabis has been further decriminalised: possession of defined small amount of drug not being under prosecution and milder sentences for cannabis than for other illicit psychoactive substances.
Although the prevalence of cannabis use among adolescents is the highest in the Czech Republic, partial decriminalisation did not show further increase. Slovakia, Hungary and Poland show different trends in epidemiological situation despite of similar legislative approach. Results indicate that beside legislation other social factors play a role and measures to change attitudes and decrease social tolerance are important.
In Slovakia, thanks to a highly effective vaccination programme, no domestic cases of measles have been reported since 1999. However, there are several outbreaks of measles currently hitting some ...countries in Europe. Difficulties in reaching the goal of measles elimination make it necessary to monitor the status of the population susceptibility to prevent similar outbreaks in the future. We hypothesize that immunity wanes overtime, which can substantially impact the population susceptibility. This work introduces a model that estimates a proportion of individuals susceptible to measles in the Slovak population in 2015.
Our analysis is based on an age-cohort model that incorporates waning immunity, vaccination schedule and changes in demographic structure. The inputs of the model are data on the vaccination coverage, last seroprevalence survey in 2002 and age structure of the population.
In a short-term horizon, waning immunity does not affect the estimated proportion of the susceptible population. However, in a long-term horizon, the antibody titers can fall below the level of protection, which would result in a substantial transfer of initially immune individuals to the compartment of the susceptible ones. Incorporating of waning immunity in the cohort model has indicated that the most susceptible cohorts are not-vaccinated youngest children and cohorts born between 1969 and 1986.
Applying the model to the current situation shows that people aged 30-45 years and unvaccinated infants represent the most susceptible groups. Model partially replaces missing seroprevalence survey, but, because the parameters of model and phenomenon of waning immunity are not exactly known, we suggest reintroducing the regular national serosurveys in order to empirically determine the level of susceptibility for measles in Slovakia.
The aim of our study was to analyse differences in dietary habits and alcohol drinking between 1st- and 4th-year medical students. The research was designed as a cross-sectional questionnaire study. ...The data were collected during the winter semester of the academic year 2015/2016. Prevalence rates of the following aspects were assessed and compared between 1st- and 4th-year medical students at the Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia: (a) breakfast skipping; (b) having fewer than three main meals a day; (c) fresh fruits and vegetables consumption less than once a day; (d) eating sweets every day; (e) eating in fast-food restaurants at least once a week; and (f) alcohol consumption (beer, wine, spirits) at least once a week. Less than one in five students reported their breakfast skipping and most of them had only 1 or 2 main meals daily. About half of the respondents consumed fruits and vegetables insufficiently and less than one quarter of them reported eating meals in fast-food restaurants weekly. Daily consumption of sweets in males doubled in the 4th year if compared to the 1st year of the study. While drinking patterns in males did not show differences between study years, in females, alcohol drinking dominated in the 4th year. Finally, it may be concluded that most aspects of dietary habits in medical students did not differ between the younger and the older ones. Irregular eating presents a particular problem. Alcohol drinking in females showed a possible increasing tendency during their studies.
This study investigated the attitudes of Slovak medical students to COVID-19 vaccination. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 10 March 2021 and 24 March 2021, as the second wave of ...coronavirus spread in Slovakia. It was performed in four medical faculties with students in years 1-6. An online anonymous questionnaire was distributed through official university platforms. The survey was completed by 1228 of 5374 medical students. The vaccinated group of students had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The study was conducted on 1228 students, of which 880 (71.7%) were vaccinated and 348 unvaccinated (28.3%). The median age was 22 years (range 18-33 years), and 70.6% were women. The lowest vaccination rate was among first (32.7%) and second-year students (61.6%), students living at home with their family (63.8%) and students living in urban areas (69.8%). Only 22.4% of medical students were concerned about serious side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine, and 38.8% were concerned that the COVID-19 vaccine may not be effective. This study provides key information related to medical student vaccination in Slovakia and education about COVID-19 vaccination.
The aims of the study were to compare the change in the Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life (WISQOL) score in patients who underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) single-use ureteroscope or ...extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with a calculation of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). 158 patients treated with urinary stone disease were randomly divided into 80 patients in the validation and 78 patients in the intervention arm. Patients in the intervention arm were randomly divided into the RIRS or the ESWL group. Linguistic validation of the WISQOL into the Slovak language was performed using a standardised multistep process. Discriminant validity was assessed by comparing stone-forming patients to an additional 34 healthy individuals. Patients were asked to fill in the WISQOL before and in the 24th week after the intervention. The QALYs were calculated by the formula QALY = weight factor (WF) x time period after intervention. The Cronbach’s
α
of the WISQOL was 0.94, the Pearson’s coefficient for test–retest reliability was 0.91, and the discriminant validity confirmed a higher score for healthy individuals (
p
< 0.001). The median WISQOL score changed from 45.5 to 95.5 vs. 33.9 to 87.1 in the RIRS and ESWL groups, respectively (
p
< 0.001). Patients from the RIRS group had a good possibility of reaching 19.727 QALYs gained during life expectancy compared to 15.780 for the ESWL group (
p
< 0.001). RIRS single-use ureteroscope is significantly superior to ESWL in reaching more QALYs gained during life expectancy. The WISQOL Slovak version is valid, reliable and strictly specific for stone-forming patients.
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