碩士
國立臺北教育大學
特殊教育學系碩士班
95
This study used qualitative research methods to investigate the graphic organizers in mathematical teaching of elementary school. The study focuses on the students’ learning ...experience and the teacher’s professional development. The study was guided by the following three questions:
1. What understanding do I develop in the process of mathematical teaching,
using the graphic organizers as a strategy in the general room of
elementary school?
2. What experiences about the use of the strategy do my students have? And
what contributions do their experiences make to my understanding?
3. What contributions do my understanding about the use of the strategy make
to my professional development?
The results of this study were presented in three parts: 1. The design of using the strategy I developed in the mathematical teaching room of elementary school. 2. The experiences of the use of the strategy for teaching and learning. 3. My own reflection and professional development. Finally, on the bas
碩士
國立宜蘭大學
應用經濟與管理學系應用經濟學碩士班
101
This paper is a causal model that trying to link four factors: Information Access, Information Literacy, Information Application and Digital Opportunity which is ...proposed. The study involved the data of “The Questionnaire about Digital Opportunity of Individual/Household in 2011” from Survey Research Data Archive (SRDA). The survey by individual digital capacity of the differences and Internet on the impact of personal life opportunities, and an Empirical Study of those people who are over 12 years old in Taiwan. This study verify causal model of the model fit and influential effects, and confers on whether different background will interfere in the causal model or not, by the multi-group analysis, to evaluate the significance of moderate effects among different model’s dimensions. In addition, the study further explored “Digital Inclusion“, desire to internet access of people, according to the computer and internet of awareness and attitude, and grouped into groups of awaren
This paper presents implementation of SVPWM technique for three phase Voltage Source Inverter using FPGA. Software-based vector-control calculations much this drawback, in order to improve the ...hardware-vector-control tries. Without the need for additional software, vector control algorithm is designed to be modular SOPC, and DSP will reduce most of the operations. In this paper, the SVPWM that using HDL for the AC motor vector control algorithm level, and the dead time part and the speed control in order to controled a speed detector and designed in the form of modules. Then ALTERA corporation Cyclone III series EP3C16F484 can be verified by implemented.
Background : Particulate matters (PM) when inhaled is known to induce pulmonary diseases including asthma and chronic bronchitis when inhaled. Despite the epidemiological proofevidence, the ...pathogenesis of PM-related pulmonary diseases is unclearremain poorly understood.Methods : Primary alveolar macrophages were harvested from the SPF and inflammatory rats by bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL). The cultured primary alveolar macrophages were treated with the medium only, PM only (5~40㎍/㎠), LPS (5ng/ml) only, and PM with LPS for 24 and 48 hours. The level of secreted nitric oxide (NO) was assayed from the cultured medium by using the Griess reaction. The cultured cells were utilized for the western blotting against the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) proteins. Immunocyto- chemical staining against the iNOS and NT-proteins were performed in cells that cultured in the Lab-Tek chamber slide after treatments.Results : The PM that utilizein this experiments induced NO formation with iNOS expression in the cultured SPF and inflammatory rats alveolar macrophages, by itself. When the cells were co-treated with PM and LPS, there was a statistically significant synergistic effect on NO formation and iNOS expression over the LPS effect. The cells from the sham control showed minimal immunoreactivity for the NT-proteins. Significantly higher quantities of NT-proteins were detected in the PM and PM with LPS co-treated cells than from the sham control.Conclusion : Increased iNOS expression and NO formation with increased NT-proteins formation might be involved in the pathogenesis of PM-induced lung injury.(Tuberc Respir Dis 2006; 60: 426-436) KCI Citation Count: 9
연구배경: 대도시의 대기오염은 점차 악화되어 시민의 건강을 위협하고 심,폐 질환의 발병률과 이로 인한 사망률을 증가시키고 있다. 서울시 도로가의 PM이 TNF-α와 IL-1β의 생성에 직접적으로 어떠한 영향을 미치는지와 PM의 노출이 LPS의 TNF-α와 IL-1β의 생성효과에는 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 폐렴이 있는 흰쥐와 ...SPF 흰쥐의 폐포대식 세포 각각에 PM을 농도별로 처리하여 분비되는 TNF-α와 IL-1β의 농도를 측정하였다. 측정 방법으로는 western blot, ELISA 및 세포면역화학염색법을 이용하였다. 또한 동일 PM 농도에서 배양시간을 달리하여 위와 같이 측정하였다. 결과: SPF인 흰쥐에서 분리된 폐포대식세포에 PM을 단독으로 투여하였을 때 대조군에 비해서 TNF-α와 IL-1β의 생성도가 모든 투여군에서 유의하게 증가하였으나, 투여용량의 증가에 따른 유의성은 없었다. 그러나 염증성인 쥐에서 분리된 폐포대식세포에서는 모든 투여군에서 대조군에 비하여 통계 학적으로 유의하게 증가하였으며, PM 투여농도의 증가에 따른 생성량도 유의하게 증가하였다. 결론: PM을 장기간 혹은 일정 농도 이상으로 흡입할 경우 폐포대식세포의 TNF-α와 IL-1β의 분비에 영향을 미쳐 새로운 폐질환을 유발할 수 있다. 그러므로 기존에 염증성 폐질환이나 기관지천식이 있는 환자가 미세먼지를 흡입할 경우에는 TNF-α와 IL-1β의 생성에 커다란 영향을 미쳐 호흡기 질환을 더욱 악화시킬 가능성이 있을 것으로 추정된다.
Background: PM is known to induce various pulmonary diseases, including asthma, cancer, fibrosis and chronic bronchitis. Despite the epidemiological evidence the pathogenesis of PM-related pulmonary diseases is unclear. Methods: This study examined the effects of PM exposure on the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β in the cultured alveolar macrophages. The cultured primary alveolar macrophages were treated with the medium, PM (5~20㎍/㎠), LPS (5ng/ml), and PM with LPS for 24h and 48h respectively. ELISA was used to assay the secreted TNF-α and IL-β in the culture medium. Western blotting was used to identify and determine the level of proteins isolated from the culture cells. The cells cultured in the Lab-Tek(R) chamber slides were stained with immunocytochemical stains. Results: PM induced TNF-α and IL-1β secretion in the culturing alveolar macrophages, collected from the SPF and inflammatory rats. However, the effects were only dose-dependent in the inflammatory macrophages. When the cells were co-treated with PM and LPS, there was a significant synergistic effect compared with the LPS in the both cell types. Conclusion: PM might be play an important role in the induction and/or potentiation of various lung diseases by oversecretion of TNF-α and IL-1β. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2006; 60: 554-563)
연구배경 : 본 연구는 교통량이 많은 서울의 한 대로변에서 채취된 복합적인 미세분진이 염증반응이 일어날 때 형성되는 것으로 알려진 NO와 NO를 형성하는 iNOS발현 및 NO에 의하여 생성이 증가되는 nitro-tyrosilated-protein의 발현에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 SPE 흰쥐와 염증성 흰쥐에서 분리된 폐포대식세포와 그람음성 세균의 세포벽 ...성분인 LPS에 감작시켜 분석하였다. 방법 : SPE 흰쥐와 염증성 흰쥐의 폐포대식세포에서 PM을 농도별로 처리하였을 때와 동일한 농도에서 배양시간을 달리하였을 때 분비되는 NO를 Griess reaction 방법으로 측정하였고, iNOS와 nitrotyrosilated-protein의 발현을 세포면역화학염색법과 western blot 분석법으로 확인하였다. 결과 : PM의 단독투여 및 LPS와 PM을 혼합하여 투여하였을 때 NO의 생성 및 iNOS와 nitrotyrosilated-protein의 발현을 확인할 수 있었고, 그 효과는 LPS를 단독투여 하였을 때보다 발현이 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 폐 내 자연적 염증성 증상이 있는 흰쥐에서 분리된 폐 내 대식세포는 PM의 농도증가에 따라 비례하여 NO의 형성을 증가시켰다. 결론 : 본 실험에 사용된 PM은 그 자체만으로도 SPF 흰쥐와 폐렴증상이 있는 흰쥐 BAL cell에서 NO의 생성을 증가시켰고, LPS가 처리된 세포들에 PM을 병용하여 투여하였을 경우에는 NO의 생성과 iNOS와 nitrotyrosilated-protein의 발현이 유의하게 상승되었다.
Background : Particulate matters (PM) when inhaled is known to induce pulmonary diseases including asthma and chronic bronchitis when inhaled. Despite the epidemiological proofevidence, the pathogenesis of PM-related pulmonary diseases is unclearremain poorly understood. Methods : Primary alveolar macrophages were harvested from the SPF and inflammatory rats by bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL). The cultured primary alveolar macrophages were treated with the medium only, PM only (5~40㎍/㎠), LPS (5ng/ml) only, and PM with LPS for 24 and 48 hours. The level of secreted nitric oxide (NO) was assayed from the cultured medium by using the Griess reaction. The cultured cells were utilized for the western blotting against the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) proteins. Immunocyto- chemical staining against the iNOS and NT-proteins were performed in cells that cultured in the Lab-Tek(R) chamber slide after treatments. Results : The PM that utilizein this experiments induced NO formation with iNOS expression in the cultured SPF and inflammatory rats alveolar macrophages, by itself. When the cells were co-treated with PM and LPS, there was a statistically significant synergistic effect on NO formation and iNOS expression over the LPS effect. The cells from the sham control showed minimal immunoreactivity for the NT-proteins. Significantly higher quantities of NT-proteins were detected in the PM and PM with LPS co-treated cells than from the sham control. Conclusion : Increased iNOS expression and NO formation with increased NT-proteins formation might be involved in the pathogenesis of PM-induced lung injury. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2006; 60: 426-436)
