New data from the MRC funded project “Integrating psychological models with biological pathways in psychosis” will be presented. The overall objective of this project is to use both environmental and ...genetic data to understand the biological pathways in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Specifically, to find out if polygenic risk and childhood adverse events increase the relative risk of mental illness above that of its individual case-control explained variance, and secondly, the effect of both polygenic risk and childhood adverse events on clinical characteristics and ageing processes. Both data from new unpublished systematic reviews and original data will be presented.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Few studies have investigated the effects of bariatric surgery on vitamin status in the long term. We examined changes in vitamin status up to 5 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.
Using a ...retrospectively maintained database of patients undergoing weight loss surgery, we identified all patients operated with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at our tertiary care hospital during July 2004-May 2008. Data on vitamin concentrations and patient-reported intake of dietary supplements were collected up to July 2012. Linear mixed models were used to estimate changes in vitamin concentrations during follow-up, adjusting for age and sex. All patients were recommended daily oral multivitamin, calcium/vitamin D and iron supplements and 3-monthly intramuscular B-12 after surgery.
Out of the 443 patients operated with gastric bypass, we included 441 (99.5%) patients with one or more measurements of vitamin concentrations (75.1% women; mean age 41.5 years, mean body mass index 46.1 kg/m(2) at baseline). At 5 years after surgery, the patients' estimated mean vitamin concentrations were either significantly higher (vitamin B-6, folic acid, vitamin B-12, vitamin C and vitamin A) or not significantly different (thiamine, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and lipid-adjusted vitamin E) compared with before surgery. Use of multivitamin, calcium/vitamin D and vitamin B-12 supplements was reported by 1-9% of patients before surgery, 79-84% of patients at 1 year and 52-83% of patients 5 years after surgery.
In patients who underwent gastric bypass surgery, estimated vitamin concentrations were either significantly increased or unchanged up to 5 years after surgery.
Many studies have shown associations between a history of childhood trauma and more severe or complex clinical features of bipolar disorders (BD), including suicide attempts and earlier illness ...onset. However, the psychopathological mechanisms underlying these associations are still unknown. Here, we investigated whether affective lability mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and the severe clinical features of BD.
A total of 342 participants with BD were recruited from France and Norway. Diagnosis and clinical characteristics were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS) or the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (SCID-I). Affective lability was measured using the short form of the Affective Lability Scale (ALS-SF). A history of childhood trauma was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Mediation analyses were performed using the SPSS process macro.
Using the mediation model and covariation for the lifetime number of major mood episodes, affective lability was found to statistically mediate the relationship between childhood trauma experiences and several clinical variables, including suicide attempts, mixed episodes and anxiety disorders. No significant mediation effects were found for rapid cycling or age at onset.
Our data suggest that affective lability may represent a psychological dimension that mediates the association between childhood traumatic experiences and the risk of a more severe or complex clinical expression of BD.
Objective
Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are heritable, polygenic disorders with shared clinical characteristics and genetic risk indicating a psychosis continuum. This is the first ...study using polygenic risk score (PGRS) to investigate the localization of diagnostic subcategories along the entire psychosis spectrum.
Method
Based on results from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), we assigned a SZ and BD PGRS to each individual in our independent sample N = 570 BD spectrum cases, 452 SZ spectrum cases and 415 healthy controls (CTR). Potential differences in mean SZ and BD PGRS across diagnostic spectrums and subcategories were explored.
Results
SZ and BD PGRSs were significantly associated with both SZ and BD spectrums compared with CTR. For the subcategories, SZ PGRS was significantly associated with SZ, schizoaffective disorder, psychosis not otherwise specified, and BD1, while BD PGRS was significantly associated with BD1 and BD2. There were no significant differences between any of the diagnostic spectrums or subgroups for neither the SZ nor BD PGRS. Lifetime psychosis was significantly associated with SZ PGRS but not with BD PGRS.
Conclusion
These findings further support the psychosis continuum model and provide molecular polygenetic validation of the localization of diagnostic subcategories within this continuum.
Previous studies of bipolar disorders indicate that childhood abuse and substance abuse are associated with the disorder. Whether both influence the clinical picture, or if one is mediating the ...association of the other, has not previously been investigated.
A total of 587 patients with bipolar disorders were recruited from Norway and France. A history of childhood abuse was obtained using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Diagnosis and clinical variables, including substance abuse, were based on structured clinical interviews (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders or French version of the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies).
Cannabis abuse was significantly associated with childhood abuse, specifically emotional and sexual abuse (χ 2 = 8.63, p = 0.003 and χ 2 = 7.55, p = 0.006, respectively). Cannabis abuse was significantly associated with earlier onset of the illness (z = -4.17, p < 0.001), lifetime history of at least one suicide attempt (χ 2 = 11.16, p = 0.001) and a trend for rapid cycling (χ 2 = 3.45, p = 0.06). Alcohol dependence was associated with suicide attempt (χ 2 = 10.28, p = 0.001), but not with age at onset or rapid cycling. After correcting for possible confounders and multiple testing, a trend was observed for an interaction between cannabis abuse and childhood abuse and suicide attempt (logistic regression: r 2 = 0.06, p = 0.039). Significant additive effects were also observed between cannabis abuse and childhood abuse on earlier age at onset (p < 0.001), increased rapid cycling and suicide attempt (logistic regression: r 2 = 0.03-0.04, p < 0.001). No mediation effects were observed; childhood abuse and cannabis abuse were independently associated with the disorder.
Our study is the first to demonstrate significant additive effects, but no mediation effects, between childhood abuse and cannabis abuse on increased clinical expressions of bipolar disorders.
We introduce a portable, all-liquid microlaser based on optically pumped dye-doped emulsion microdroplets held in a single beam optical trap. We show high stability of the laser emission spectra ...during prolonged optical manipulation of the droplets within an immiscible host liquid. We investigate the effects of droplet size and dye concentration on the spectral position of lasing wavelength and show how these parameters can be used for the emission wavelength tuning. We also study shifting of the average lasing wavelength to the blue side of the spectrum due to dye photobleaching. The presented optically manipulated fluidic microlasers are disposable and can be easily combined with microfluidic chip technology. This makes them especially attractive for on-chip applications in chemical and biological analysis and sensing.
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