This research explores the link between stock markets and banking deposits in South Asian (Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal) countries. This study empirically examines the systemic risk potential of ...financial institutions in South Asia using current systemic risk statistics. Yearly data on stock prices and banking deposits from January 2000 to December 2020 were analyzed using a two-stage process. In the first phase, we measure VaR (value at risk), and in the second step, we measure the DCC GARCH model for our empirical analysis. The study findings reveal systemic risk spillover between the stock markets of South Asian countries and the relevant country’s banking system deposits. The policymakers can use our study findings to create a more sustainable financial sector.
In this paper, we investigate the optical solitons of the fractional complex Ginzburg–Landau equation (CGLE) with Kerr law nonlinearity which shows various phenomena in physics like nonlinear waves, ...second-order phase transition, superconductivity, superfluidity, liquid crystals, and strings in field theory. A comparative approach is practised between the three suggested definitions of derivative viz. conformable, beta, and M-truncated. We have constructed the optical solitons of the considered model with a new extended direct algebraic scheme. By utilization of this technique, obtained solutions carry a variety of new families including dark-bright, dark, dark-singular, and singular solutions of Type 1 and 2,
and sufficient conditions for the existence of these structures are given.
Further, graphical representations of the obtained solutions are depicted. A detailed comparison of solutions to the considered problem, obtained by using different definitions of derivatives, is reported as well.
Fouling refers to the unwanted and undesirable attachment of biological macromolecules, inorganic, organic matter, and microorganisms on water contact surfaces. Fouling reduces the performance of ...devices involving these submerged surfaces and is considered the bottle-neck issue for various applications in the biomedical industry, food processing, and water treatment, especially in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. Investigations have proven that nanocomposite membranes can exhibit enhanced antifouling performances and can be used for longer life times. The nanocomposite means addition of nanomaterials to main matrix at low loadings, exhibiting better properties compared to virgin matrix. In this review, a summarized description about related methods and their mechanisms for the fabrication of nanocomposite membranes with antifouling properties has been documented. Around 87 manuscripts including 10 patents were used to demonstrate the antifouling applications of of various nanocomposite membranes.
The proposed study aimed to investigate the potential use of pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as nano reinforcement in enhancing mechanical properties of hybrid MWCNT/silica fume ...cement composites. Dispersion of MWCNTs was facilitated utilizing very fine particles of silica fume which also helped in an improved interfacial bond between MWCNTs and the cement matrix. The MWCNTs dispersion within the hardened cement matrix was qualitatively assessed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) analysis. It was also observed that addition of MWCNTs accelerated the hydration process. The test results showed an increment in compressive strength by 12.4% and reduction in autogenous shrinkage by 8.5% for hybrid MWCNT/silica fume cement composites containing 0.01% MWCNTs (by wt. of binder). However, higher additions (greater than 0.03%) of MWCNTs appeared to have adverse effects on specimens. It was found that properly dispersed MWCNTs filled the fine pores in the cement matrix by providing an additional nucleation site for the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) that results in a denser microstructure, which in turn enhanced the strengths and limited the autogenous shrinkage.
Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) is used in biomedical applications due to its high wear-resistance, ductility, and biocompatibility. A great deal of research in recent decades has ...focused on further improving its mechanical and tribological performances in order to provide durable implants in patients. Several methods, including irradiation, surface modifications, and reinforcements have been employed to improve the tribological and mechanical performance of UHMWPE. The effect of these modifications on tribological and mechanical performance was discussed in this review.
The current study covers the traveling wave structures of a fourth-order nonlinear symmetric regularized long-wave (SRLW) equation which emerges in a few actual applications incorporating particle ...sound waves in plasma using the new extended direct algebraic method. This model depicts nonlinear particle acoustic and space-charge waves. This model admits the two-dimensional Lie algebra. We have computed the optimal system and reduced our given model corresponding to each element of the optimal system. After that, by using a proposed method, we obtained the solitary wave profiles of the model under investigation. By using the concept of nonlinear self-adjointness, we have shown that our given model is not self-adjoint. Moreover, we have computed the conserved quantities corresponding to each element of the Lie algebra. The obtained solutions are in different classes of solitary wave solutions with dark, combined dark-bright, singular, periodic-singular, combined dark-singular, combined singular, dark-singular combo solitons, and rational solutions. Furthermore, existing constraints for the resultant solutions are reported. Also, a graphical interpretation of some particular solutions is shown by considering the specific values of the parameters. In the end, the sensitive visualization of the model is done by considering different initial states. We are confident that these outstanding results will offer insightful information and further the investigation of other evolutionary mechanisms connected to the equation under study.
This study presents the performance of solar photovoltaic modules provided with cooling in terms of its normalized power output, performance ratio, and module efficiency. The aim of the study is to ...improve the performance, efficiency, and development of an economical cooling system by installing photovoltaic modules on the duct of cooled air of air-conditioners being used in most of the houses, offices and other buildings. The performance was researched and compared for two photovoltaic modules, one being cooled and other without cooling. The module being cooled showed 7.2% and 6% higher electrical efficiency and performance ratio respectively compared to the module without cooling. The results obtained in this study comprehend the importance and feasibility of the research. Keywords: Photovoltaic module, Module efficiency, Performance ratio, Power output
Printing technology promises a viable solution for the low-cost, rapid, flexible, and mass fabrication of biosensors. Among the vast number of printing techniques, screen printing and inkjet printing ...have been widely adopted for the fabrication of biosensors. Screen printing provides ease of operation and rapid processing; however, it is bound by the effects of viscous inks, high material waste, and the requirement for masks, to name a few. Inkjet printing, on the other hand, is well suited for mass fabrication that takes advantage of computer-aided design software for pattern modifications. Furthermore, being drop-on-demand, it prevents precious material waste and offers high-resolution patterning. To exploit the features of inkjet printing technology, scientists have been keen to use it for the development of biosensors since 1988. A vast number of fully and partially inkjet-printed biosensors have been developed ever since. This study presents a short introduction on the printing technology used for biosensor fabrication in general, and a brief review of the recent reports related to virus, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic biosensor fabrication, via inkjet printing technology in particular.
The earthquakes prediction based on LST anomalies remain a contradicting debate due to limited and short-term data around the earthquake’s epicenter. The results are varying in different case ...studies, only few research matches with pre seismic LST anomalies while many are not found to be significant for earthquakes predication. This study assessed temperature anomalies in different earthquakes events of Mw ≥ 6.0 in Pakistan from 2000 to 2020. The present study uses Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite thermal imagery data over the epicenter region to analyze thermal anomaly associated and earthquake prediction. The surface temperature growth before the earthquake event is estimated using the satellite thermal infrared images carrying valuable earthquake precursory information. The study area Pakistan is prone to active seismicity due to Northern Head-on Collision of Indian-and Eurasian plate; Southern Makran Subduction Zone of Indian and Arabian plate and the regional Chaman transform boundary. The results show pre seismic temperature variation range between 30 °C − 54 °C, which seems to be a good prospect for linking thermal anomalies to earthquake prediction.
Metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) is a unique phenomenon of surface plasmons, where light interacts with the metallic nanostructures and produces electromagnetic fields to enhance the sensitivity of ...fluorescence-based detection. In particular, this enhancement in sensing capacity is of importance to many research areas, including medical diagnostics, forensic science, and biotechnology. The article covers the basic mechanism of MEF and recent developments in plasmonic nanostructures fabrication for efficient fluorescence signal enhancement that are critically reviewed. The implications of current fluorescence-based technologies for biosensors are summarized, which are in practice to detect different analytes relevant to food control, medical diagnostics, and forensic science. Furthermore, characteristics of existing fabrication methods have been compared on the basis of their resolution, design flexibility, and throughput. The future projections emphasize exploring the potential of non-conventional materials and hybrid fabrication techniques to further enhance the sensitivity of MEF-based biosensors.
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