High performances of Hybrid Dye Sensitized Solar Cell are necessary in absorbing more sunlight and needed renewable energy source to replace depleted fossil fuels via green energy. Hybrid DSSC is ...another promising option towards green energy to explore. This research aims, i) to study conjugated chlorophyll in order to increase charge carrier in molecule structure besides, increase the absorption spectrum via conjugating process with the addition of different amount Ferric (III) Chloride (FeCl3) acting as catalyst and, ii) to determine the effect of FeCl3 on the performance of conjugated dye as sensitizers in Hybrid DSSC. The conjugated chlorophyll shows a using UV-Visible analysis corresponding to conjugated chlorophyll absorbed in high region called red shifted which the maximum absorption obtain at a wavelength of 360nm and 311nm. Fourier Transform Infra-Red characterization of the an existing Fe-O bond appears at 430 cm-1 to 445 cm-1 and C≡C bond at 2244 cm-1 to 2260 cm-1. 10% FeCl3 in conjugated chlorophyll produce huge impact to electrical conductivity and efficiency with the highest value; 0.114 S/cm and 0.14%; respectively. Thus, it can be conclude that 10% FeCl3 of conjugated chlorophyll – Imperata cylindrica (iCHLO-IC) was suitable to be used for the next generation of hybrid DSSC.
The development of biopolymer electrolytes based on methylcellulose (MC) has been accomplished by incorporating ammonium bromide (NB) to the polymer-salt system. The biopolymer electrolytes were ...prepared via solution-casting method. The conductivity and permittivity characteristics of the material were studied. The biopolymer-salt complex formation have been analysed through Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The conductivity of the sample was measured by EIS HIOKI. Upon addition of 20 wt.% of NB, highest conductivity of 3.25×10-4 μScm-1 was achieved at ambient temperature. The temperature dependence of the biopolymer electrolytes exhibit Arrhenius behaviour. This result had been further proven in FTIR study.
Age of monstrous amount of underutilized marine processing byproducts has been perceived as waste and many effort were given to utilize these materials in various application. With an incredible ...number of study on these byproducts, some compound were identified and apply for human utilization. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the main inorganic calcium phosphate mineral with excellent osteoconductivity, good bioactivity and biocompatibility. The production of HAp powder from synthetic process involves many chemicals with complicated procedures. Due to this matter, the raw HAp powder was extracted from natural sources selayang fish bones. Extortion process started with boiling fish bones to eliminate adherent fish meats. After calcination process fish bone were dried in room temperature before crushed by using grinder to obtain the powder. Next, the powder undergo calcination process at 900°C for 5 hours. The characterization of raw HAp was done via X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectometer, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Thermogravimetric analysis.
We report the structural properties of TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) thin films grown using sol-gel spin coating method for temperature treatment (with temperature 50o C and without temperature) The ...difference in temperature is carried out to determine changes in the surface of the sample by using heating or not. Ideally, the thickness of the TiO2 layer ranges from 10-15 μm, therefore in this study it was carried out in 5 layers. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) consist of surface morphology, Cross-section sample, and EDX images, respectively, providing the structure of the surface. The result confirm that temperature treatment can damage the surface coating, this is proven by the shape of the crack in the coating.
