The current study was carried out for quantitative and risk assessment of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) from Talukas Ghora Bari and Mirpur Sakro. The concentration of Cd was determined using Atomic ...Absorption Spectroscopy instrument. The As concentration was measured with the help of the Arsenic Kit Method. For analysis of Cd, samples were prepared by the Microwave digestion method, whereas for As analysis, water samples were analyzed directly. The range of Cd content was observed from the studied areas as 1 – 10 μg/L and 1.2 – 11.2 μg/L, respectively. The groundwater water of Talukas Ghorabari and Mirpur Sakro showed the mean Cd content of 5 μg/L and 6.1 μg/L, respectively. The Cd contamination of 56% and 80% was found in Ghorabari and Mirpur Sakro, respectively. The range of As content of 0.00 – 50 μg/L and 10 – 80 μg/L was determined from Ghorabari and Mirpur Sakro, respectively. Hazard Quotient for Cd > 1 was found in 40% of both children and infants in the groundwater of the study area, which may cause non-carcinogenic risk. About 48% of water samples declared HQ values > 1 for adults in the water of Ghorabari. Since 84% of samples showed the HQ values > 1 for children and infants. The HQ values of As for Adults of the Mirpur Sakro were observed in 63.3% samples, whereas for children and infants, HQ values were found in 100% samples. It is therefore strongly recommended that groundwater must be treated before consumption by the people of the area under study.
Balochi Speech Recognition using Android Based Smart Phone Abida Shar; Asia Khatoon Soomro; Hira Fatima Naqvi ...
University of Sindh journal of information and communication technology (Online),
04/2022, Letnik:
5, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The latest era of computers is called the Artificial Intelligence where multiple intelligent machines are working to ease the life of a common people. Interacting with machines via human language is ...one of the hot areas called Natural Language Processing (NLP). The various language speech recognition systems are already built and there is a need to build the speech recognition system for languages which are lacking in various computing resources. Balochi language is one of the Pakistani languages which lacks computing resources such as automatic speech recognition system. This paper presents the Balochi Speech Recognition system in which the Android mobile phone is controlled by speaking Balochi words. The Balochi speech recognition system calls or opens the various installed applications when the user speaks in Balochi language. For the sampling purpose a total of 230 subjects were selected to record the samples of 2300 words. These words have been recorded in various environments including silent and noisy environment. The android platform-based Balochi speech recognition system has been designed which takes input from Balochi speakers in Balochi language and performs some activities based on the proposed model. The Android application is designed to understand Balochi words. The system has been build using React Native technology. The Balochi speech recognition system has been tested for various Balochi words and produced an average accuracy of 89% and 81% for native and non-native speakers of Balochi language. The system is capable to be extended in various directions and to be applied in multiple area-based applications. Users who speak Balochi language will benefit from this Android application, which makes it easier to use smartphones using local language rather than having to speak English.
Water is a valuable compound for plants, animals, and humans. Various contaminating agents pollute it, with arsenic being one of them. Measurements of arsenic in potable water in Upper Sindh were ...conducted during this study. The samples were prepared by microwave-assisted digestion and analyzed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. A total of 240 potable water samples were collected from 8 Talukas of Upper Sindh. DMS coordinates were also recorded with the help of the Global Positioning System (GPS). The highest arsenic content of 50µg/L was observed in Garhi Khairo Taluka. The average arsenic content in water samples of all of the Talukas, except Miro Khan, was found higher than the WHO permissible limit. The 69.2% of samples were found to be contaminated by arsenic. Therefore, the water of the studied area is concluded to be in poor condition for cooking and drinking.
PDF
