Summary
Background
Studies have found that depression is more frequent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than the general population. Clinicians are now trying to pinpoint risk ...factors for psychological impairment in the IBD population.
Aims
To examine the demographic and phenotypic variables associated with the development of depression among a diverse cohort of IBD patients. We also sought to describe psychotropic therapy prescribed to IBD patients.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study including patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) without a prior psychiatric diagnosis and followed in the gastroenterology clinics of the private university hospital and public safety net hospital at a large academic centre in Miami (Florida). Predictive variables included demographic characteristics, IBD phenotype, exposure to IBD medications, history of a surgical stoma or seton placement, extra‐intestinal manifestations, laboratory indices, aggressive disease and disease activity (based on imaging and endoscopic parameters). Proportional hazard regression models and stepwise Cox regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.
Results
Independent predictors of depression were female gender HR: 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1–1.7), P = 0.01, aggressive disease HR: 1.4 (95% CI: 1.02–1.9), P = 0.03 and active disease HR: 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1–2.0), P = 0.04. In the group that did develop a depressive disorder, 65% received pharmacologic therapy with one or more psychotropic agents.
Conclusions
We found female gender, aggressive disease and increased endoscopic/radiological activity to be independently associated with the development of depression in inflammatory bowel disease.
Prior to becoming chondritic meteorites, primordial solids were a poorly consolidated mix of mm-scale igneous inclusions (chondrules) and high-porosity sub-μm dust (matrix). We used high-resolution ...numerical simulations to track the effect of impact-induced compaction on these materials. Here we show that impact velocities as low as 1.5 km s(-1) were capable of heating the matrix to >1,000 K, with pressure-temperature varying by >10 GPa and >1,000 K over ~100 μm. Chondrules were unaffected, acting as heat-sinks: matrix temperature excursions were brief. As impact-induced compaction was a primary and ubiquitous process, our new understanding of its effects requires that key aspects of the chondrite record be re-evaluated: palaeomagnetism, petrography and variability in shock level across meteorite groups. Our data suggest a lithification mechanism for meteorites, and provide a 'speed limit' constraint on major compressive impacts that is inconsistent with recent models of solar system orbital architecture that require an early, rapid phase of main-belt collisional evolution.
The fragility index (FI), the number of events the statistical significance a result depends on, and the number of patients lost to follow-up are important parameters for interpreting randomised ...clinical trial results. We evaluated these two parameters in randomised controlled trials in anaesthesiology. For this, we performed a systematic search of the medical literature, seeking articles reporting on anaesthesiology trials with a statistically significant difference in the primary outcome and published in the top five general medicine journals, or the top 15 anaesthesiology journals. We restricted the analysis to trials reporting clinically important primary outcome measures. The search identified 139 articles, 35 published in general medicine journals and 104 in anaesthesiology journals. The median (inter-quartile range) sample size was 150 (70–300) patients. The FI was 4 (2–17) and 3 (2–7), and the number of patients lost to follow-up was 0 (0–18) and 0 (0–6) patients in trials published in general medicine and anaesthesiology journals, respectively. The number of patients lost to follow-up exceeded the FI in 41 and 27% in trials in general medicine journals and anaesthesiology journals, respectively. The FI positively correlated with sample size and number of primary outcome events, and negatively correlated with the reported P-values. The results of this systematic review suggest that statistically significant differences in randomised controlled anaesthesiology trials are regularly fragile, implying that the primary outcome status of patients lost to follow-up could possibly have changed the reported effect.
Revisiting Proxima with ESPRESSO Suárez Mascareño, A.; Faria, J. P.; Figueira, P. ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
07/2020, Letnik:
639
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Context.
The discovery of Proxima b marked one of the most important milestones in exoplanetary science in recent years. Yet the limited precision of the available radial velocity data and the ...difficulty in modelling the stellar activity calls for a confirmation of the Earth-mass planet.
Aims.
We aim to confirm the presence of Proxima b using independent measurements obtained with the new ESPRESSO spectrograph, and refine the planetary parameters taking advantage of its improved precision.
Methods.
We analysed 63 spectroscopic ESPRESSO observations of Proxima (Gl 551) taken during 2019. We obtained radial velocity measurements with a typical radial velocity photon noise of 26 cm s
−1
. We combined these data with archival spectroscopic observations and newly obtained photometric measurements to model the stellar activity signals and disentangle them from planetary signals in the radial velocity (RV) data. We ran a joint Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis on the time series of the RV and full width half maximum of the cross-correlation function to model the planetary and stellar signals present in the data, applying Gaussian process regression to deal with the stellar activity signals.
Results.
We confirm the presence of Proxima b independently in the ESPRESSO data and in the combined ESPRESSO+ HARPS+UVES dataset. The ESPRESSO data on its own shows Proxima b at a period of 11.218 ± 0.029 days, with a minimum mass of 1.29 ± 0.13
M
⊕
. In the combined dataset we measure a period of 11.18427 ± 0.00070 days with a minimum mass of 1.173 ± 0.086
M
⊕
. We get a clear measurement of the stellar rotation period (87 ± 12 d) and its induced RV signal, but no evidence of stellar activity as a potential cause for the 11.2 days signal. We find some evidence for the presence of a second short-period signal, at 5.15 days with a semi-amplitude of only 40 cm s
−1
. If caused by a planetary companion, it would correspond to a minimum mass of 0.29 ± 0.08
M
⊕
. We find that forthe case of Proxima, the full width half maximum of the cross-correlation function can be used as a proxy for the brightness changes and that its gradient with time can be used to successfully detrend the RV data from part of the influence of stellar activity. The activity-induced RV signal in the ESPRESSO data shows a trend in amplitude towards redder wavelengths. Velocities measured using the red end of the spectrograph are less affected by activity, suggesting that the stellar activity is spot dominated. This could be used to create differential RVs that are activity dominated and can be used to disentangle activity-induced and planetary-induced signals. The data collected excludes the presence of extra companions with masses above 0.6
M
⊕
at periods shorter than 50 days.
The relevance of monocyte and macrophage reservoirs in virally suppressed people with HIV (vsPWH) has previously been debatable. Macrophages were assumed to have a moderate life span and lack ...self-renewing potential. However, recent studies have challenged this dogma and now suggest an important role of these cell as long-lived HIV reservoirs. Lentiviruses have a long-documented association with macrophages and abundant evidence exists that macrophages are important target cells for HIV in vivo. A critical understanding of HIV infection, replication, and latency in macrophages is needed in order to determine the appropriate method of measuring and eliminating this cellular reservoir. This review provides a brief discussion of the biology and acute and chronic infection of monocytes and macrophages, with a more substantial focus on replication, latency and measurement of the reservoir in cells of myeloid origin.
The production of fully-heavy tetraquark states in proton–proton (
pp
) and proton–nucleus (
pA
) collisions at the center-of-mass energies of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and at the Future ...Circular Collider (FCC) is investigated considering that these states are produced through the double parton scattering mechanism. We estimate the cross sections for the
T
4
c
,
T
4
b
and
T
2
b
2
c
states and present predictions for
pp
,
pCa
and
pPb
collisions considering the rapidity ranges covered by central and forward detectors. We demonstrate that the cross sections for
pA
collisions are enhanced in comparison to the
pp
predictions scaled by the atomic number. Moreover, our results indicate that a search of these exotic states is, in principle, feasible in the future runs of the LHC and FCC.
Abstract The purpose of this task force was to critically analyze nine non-criteria manifestations of APS to support their inclusion as APS classification criteria. The Task Force Members selected ...the non-criteria clinical manifestations according to their clinical relevance, that is, the patient-important outcome from clinician perspective. They included superficial vein thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, renal microangiopathy, heart valve disease, livedo reticularis, migraine, chorea, seizures and myelitis, which were reviewed by this International Task Force collaboration, in addition to the seronegative APS (SN-APS). GRADE system was used to evaluate the quality of evidence of medical literature of each selected item. This critical appraisal exercise aimed to support the debate regarding the clinical picture of APS. We found that the overall GRADE analysis was very low for migraine and seizures, low for superficial venous thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, chorea, longitudinal myelitis and the so-called seronegative APS and moderate for APS nephropathy, heart valve lesions and livedo reticularis. The next step can be a critical redefinition of an APS gold standard, for instance derived from the APS ACTION registry that will include not only current APS patients but also those with antiphospholipid antibodies not meeting current classification criteria.
Introduction
Neuropsychiatric drugs account for 16% of drugs that can lead to hepatotoxicity and psychiatric patients can have multiple comorbidities that can increase the incidence of liver ...disorders such as alcoholism, drug abuse and polymedication. The continuous use of atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAD) has raised questions over their tolerability over endocrine, metabolic and cardiovascular systems. They are also associated with mild elevation of aminotransferases and occasionally cause idiosyncratic liver injury with varying phenotypes. Hepatotoxicity is defined based on biological parameters such as elevation of alkaline phosphatase enzyme, SGPT, SGOT and GGT or clinical abnormalities (jaundice and hepatitis).
Objectives
This work reviewed the current available evidence on the hepatic damage produced by AAD.
Methods
Non-systematic review of the literature with selection of scientific articles published in the past 10 years; by searching Pubmed and Medscape databases using the combination of MeSH descriptors. The following MeSH terms were used: atypical antipsychotic drugs; hepatotoxicity; hepatic; Olanzapine; Clozapine; Risperidone; Aripiprazol; Paliperidone.
Results
Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs are generally well tolerated and hepatic alterations are in general very low or rare. The cases published were observed with Clozapine, Olanzapine and Risperidone. Atypical Antipsychotic drugs have a better profile than Chlorpromazine.
Conclusions
In conclusion, the hepatic injury generally occurs within the first weeks of treatment and is usually reversible with drug withdrawal. Hepatic check-ups may be relevant, especially in the beginning of treatment.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Introduction
Covid-19 was declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11th and efforts have been made to minimize the impact that this new disease can produce. The mental health effects of this pandemic ...can be severe considering that each year close to 800.000 people die by suicide. This pandemic could increase those numbers, although this is not inevitable.
Objectives
This work reviewed the current available data on possible causes for a suicide rate increase and to try to understand if suicide is already increasing worldwide.
Methods
Non-systematic review of the literature with selection of scientific articles published in the past 6 months; by searching Pubmed and Medscape databases using the combination of MeSH descriptors. The following MeSH terms were used: Covid-19; suicide; SARS-Cov2; pandemic.
Results
Multiple factors can account for an increase in suicide rates such as isolation with a sense of decreased belongingness and increased burdensomeness. A synergy with known suicide precipitants can also occur such as domestic violence, intra-familiar conflicts, alcohol consumption and access to means. Media communication can represent a danger with constant reports about the crisis. And lastly the loss of employment and financial stressors can produce an important impact.
Conclusions
In conclusion, Covid-19 will produce an important impact in many spheres of society, one of which will be mental health. If at the start of this crisis a widespread sense of solidarity was present with the maintenance of precipitant factors for suicide we expect to see an increase in suicide rates.
In this work we investigate the hadronic effects on the XJ=0,1(2900) states in heavy-ion collisions. We make use of effective Lagrangians to estimate the cross sections and their thermal averages of ...the processes XJπ→¯D∗K,K∗¯D, as well as those of the corresponding inverse processes, considering also the possibility of different isospin assignments (I=0, 1). We complete the analysis by solving the rate equation to follow the time evolution of the XJ(2900) multiplicities and determine how they are affected by the considered reactions during the expansion of the hadronic matter. We also perform a comparison of the XJ(2900) abundances considering them as hadronic molecular states (J=0 as a S wave and J=1 as a P wave) and tetraquark states at kinetic freeze-out.
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