The Silicon Vertex Detector of the Belle II experiment Zani, L.; Adamczyk, K.; Aggarwal, L. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
09/2022, Letnik:
1038
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Since the start of data taking in spring 2019 at the SuperKEKB collider (KEK, Japan) the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD) has been operating reliably and with high efficiency, while providing ...high quality data: high signal-to-noise ratio, greater than 99% hit efficiency, and precise spatial resolution. These attributes, combined with stability over time, result in good tracking efficiency. Currently the occupancy, dominated by beam-background hits, is quite low (about 0.5 % in the innermost layer), causing no problems to the SVD data reconstruction. In view of the operation at higher luminosity foreseen in the next years, specific strategies aiming to preserve the tracking performance have been developed and tested on data. The time stability of the trigger allows reducing sampling of the strip-amplifier waveform. The good hit-time resolution can be exploited to further improve the robustness against the higher level of beam background. First effects of radiation damage on strip noise, sensor currents and depletion voltage have been measured: they do not have any detrimental effect on the performance of the detector. Furthermore, no damage to the SVD is observed after sudden and intense bursts of radiation due to beam losses.
We report the first search for a non-standard-model resonance decaying into $\tau$ pairs in $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow \mu^{+}\mu^{-} \tau^+\tau^-$ events in the 3.6-10 GeV/$c^{2}$ mass range. We use a ...62.8 fb$^{-1}$ sample of $e^+e^-$ collisions collected at a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider. The analysis probes three different models predicting a spin-1 particle coupling only to the heavier lepton families, a Higgs-like spin-0 particle that couples preferentially to charged leptons (leptophilic scalar), and an axion-like particle, respectively. We observe no evidence for a signal and set exclusion limits at 90% confidence level on the product of cross section and branching fraction into $\tau$ pairs, ranging from 0.7 fb to 24 fb, and on the couplings of these processes. We obtain world-leading constraints on the couplings for the leptophilic scalar model for masses above 6.5 GeV/$c^2$ and for the axion-like particle model over the entire mass range.
The Silicon Vertex Detector of the Belle II experiment Uematsu, Y.; Adamczyk, K.; Aggarwal, L. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/2022, Letnik:
1033
Journal Article
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The Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD) is a part of the vertex detector in the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider (KEK, Japan). Since the start of data taking in spring 2019, the SVD has been ...operating stably and reliably with a high signal-to-noise ratio and hit efficiency, achieving good spatial resolution and high track reconstruction efficiency. The hit occupancy, which mostly comes from the beam-related background, is currently about 0.5% in the innermost layer, causing no impact on the SVD performance. In anticipation of the operation at higher luminosity in the following years, two strategies to sustain the tracking performance in future high beam background conditions have been developed and tested on data. One is to reduce the number of signal waveform samples to decrease dead time, data size, and occupancy. The other is to utilize the good hit-time resolution to reject the beam background hits. We also measured the radiation effects on the full depletion voltage, sensor current, and strip noise caused during the first two and a half years of operation. The results show no detrimental effect on the SVD performance.
The $L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}$ extension of the standard model predicts the existence of a lepton-flavor-universality-violating $Z^{\prime}$ boson that couples only to the heavier lepton families. We search ...for such a $Z^\prime$ through its invisible decay in the process $e^+ e^- \to \mu^+ \mu^- Z^{\prime}$. We use a sample of electron-positron collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 10.58GeV collected by the Belle II experiment in 2019-2020, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 79.7fb$^{-1}$. We find no excess over the expected standard-model background. We set 90$\%$-confidence-level upper limits on the cross section for this process as well as on the coupling of the model, which ranges from $3 \times 10^{-3}$ at low $Z^{\prime}$ masses to 1 at $Z^{\prime}$ masses of 8$GeV/c^{2}$.
The Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD), with its four double-sided silicon strip sensor layers, is one of the two vertex sub-detectors of Belle II operating at SuperKEKB collider (KEK, Japan). Since 2019 ...and the start of the data taking, the SVD has demonstrated a reliable and highly efficient operation, even running in an environment with harsh beam backgrounds that are induced by the world’s highest instantaneous luminosity.
In order to provide the best quality track reconstruction with an efficient pattern recognition and track fit, and to correctly propagate the uncertainty on the hit’s position to the track parameters, it is crucial to precisely estimate the resolution of the cluster position measurement. Several methods for estimating the position resolution directly from the data will be discussed.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is an autoimmune disease with still unknown etiology. Recent studies indicate that neutrophils extra-cellular traps participate in the pathophysiology of GPA. ...This study investigates the levels of circulating NET formation markers and neutrophil-platelet interaction in patients with GPA.
We enrolled 40 GPA patients (20 in the active stage of the disease and 20 in remission). Twenty sex- and age-matched healthy subjects served as a control group. Serum/plasma levels of serine proteases, and histone-, myeloperoxidase-, proteinase-3 DNA complexes and sP-selectin were measured using ELISA or Luminex assays. Circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates and neutrophils activation markers expression was measured by flow cytometry.
Patients in active stage of GPA had higher circulating levels of serine proteases, DNA-histone and myeloperoxidase -DNA complexes. In addition, platelet-neutrophil aggregates and sP-selectin were also elevated in this group. Platelet-neutrophil aggregates and myeloperoxidase -DNA complexes correlated positively with the disease activity score (BVAS).
NETs production and activation of platelets in GPA is supported by elevated myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes and platelet-neutrophil aggregates correlating positively with the disease activity score. This mechanism justifies laboratory measurements of myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes and plasma sP-selectin as biomarkers for studying GPA activity.
Infectious, genetic factors, and autoimmunity have been considered as potential causes of sarcoidosis (SA). Pathological similarities between SA and tuberculosis (TB) suggest M. tuberculosis ...antigen(s) as causative agent(s). Our published comparative analysis of the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) system in patients with SA or TB in the same ethnic group revealed that some antigens were connected with high risk of developing of SA or TB, but other were comparable in both patient populations. Is it possible that the predominating occurrence of HLA antigens characteristic for TB may cause tuberculosis in patients with SA? To answer this question we evaluated the HLA class I and II alleles frequency by PCR amplification with sequence-specific primers in three women with histopathologically proven pulmonary SA, who developed bacteriologically confirmed TB on a corticosteroids (CS) therapy. Analysis of HLA in every case separately revealed a trend for higher occurrence of both alleles predisposing and protecting from TB than SA, in comparison with healthy individuals in our previously mentioned HLA genotyping study. Overall, the number of alleles predisposing to TB was statistically greater than the number of alleles connected with a high risk of developing SA. Also, the frequency of protecting alleles was statistically higher for TB than for SA. Therefore, SA in these patients developed at first, and the presence of additional environmental factors, e.g., age, CS might decrease an immune response and provoked TB. There is a possibility that the occurrence of HLA antigen more associated with high risk of developing TB than SA causes the development of tuberculosis in our patients with sarcoidosis.
The silicon vertex detector of the Belle II experiment Irmler, C.; Adamczyk, K.; Aggarwal, L. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
01/2023, Letnik:
1045
Journal Article
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The Belle II experiment is taking data at the asymmetric SuperKEKB collider (KEK, Japan), which operates at the Υ(4S) resonance. The vertex detector is composed of an inner two-layer pixel detector ...(PXD) and the silicon vertex detector (SVD), made of four layers of double-sided silicon strip detectors. A deep knowledge of the system has been gained since the start of operations in 2019 by assessing the high-quality and stable reconstruction performance of the detector. The very high hit efficiency and large signal-to-noise ratio are monitored via online data-quality plots. The good cluster-position resolution is estimated using the unbiased residual with respect to the track, and it is in reasonable agreement with the expectations. The SVD dose is estimated by the correlation of the SVD occupancy with the dose measured by the diamond sensors of the radiation-monitoring and beam-abort system. First radiation damage effects are measured on the sensor current and strip noise are shown not to affect the performance. Six samples of the shaped particle signal are recorded utilizing the multi-peak mode of the APV25 front-end chip and used to determine the hit timing with a precision of 2 to 3 ns. Recently a method to compute the time of collision from SVD hit time information has been implemented and verified with simulations and on data.
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