Epispadias is the mildest form of the exstrophy-epispadias complex and rarely occurs in an isolated form. The characteristic clinical sign is a mucosal strip on the penile dorsum. Clinically, ...epispadias presents with urinary incontinence. Primary surgical correction is recommended at the age of 12 months and should only be performed at a specialized center. During follow-up, further bladder neck surgery may be necessary. Despite a functional and cosmetically appealing penis, psychosocial and psychosexual development of the affected individuals can severely be affected. The incidence of urethral duplication remains unclear. Several classifications reflect the anatomical variation. The clinical presentation depends on the continuity of the duplicated urethra and its relationship to the sphincteric mechanism. In addition to clinical examination, a voiding cysturethrography is part of the basic diagnostic workup. After endoscopic examination an individual operative approach can be defined.
The Belle II silicon vertex detector is one of the vertex detectors in the Belle II experiment. The detector reads out the signals from the double-sided silicon strip sensors with the APV25 front-end ...readout ASIC, adopting the chip-on-sensor concept to minimize the strip noise. The detector has been operated in the experiment since the spring of 2019. Analyzing the acquired data during the beam collisions, the excellent performance of the detector is confirmed. Also, the radiation dose and 1-MeV equivalent neutron fluence of the detector are estimated using the measured dose rates of the diamond sensors installed on the beam pipe and are compared with the measured radiation effects in the strip noise, leakage current, and depletion voltage. This paper briefly introduces the main features of the silicon vertex detector, and then reports on the measured performance and radiation effects of the first two years of running experience of the detector.
A large body of research has demonstrated that various psychological interventions may alter the perception of its intensity and the experience of concomitant emotions. ...in recent years there has ...been growing interest in identifying the neural pathways associated with cognitive modulation of pain experience (Edwards, Campbell, Jamison, & Wiech, 2009; Legrain et al., 2012; Tracey, 2010; Villemure & Bushnell, 2002; Wiech, 2016; Wiech, Ploner, & Tracey, 2008). While attentional modulation of pain has been extensively studied, the neuronal mechanisms that underlie the impact on pain of higher-level cognitive processes have only recently received empirical attention. ...in the present study we examined the unknown temporal aspect of pain modulation with the use of a cognitive reappraisal strategy by determining the modulation sequence of neural sources and tracking the observed effects in time. Nonetheless, inferences drawn from the aforementioned studies on reappraisal processes are indirect as none of these studies manipulated the actual meaning of pain. ...another line of research introduced an alternative approach: promoting participants' active involvement in achieving a self-regulatory goal. ...the neural activity pattern that emerges from these studies is compliant with the one observed in other paradigms that studied the impact of various forms of suggestion or induced beliefs on perceived pain, such as anticipation/placebo (Zubieta & Stohler, 2009) or hypnotic suggestion (Del Casale et al., 2015).
Performance of the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector Tanigawa, H.; Adamczyk, K.; Aihara, H. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2020, Letnik:
972
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider of KEK (Japan) started recording physics data in spring 2019 with all its subdetectors installed and with the goal of accumulating 50ab−1 of e+e− ...collision events at the unprecedented instantaneous luminosity of 8×1035cm−2s−1, about 40 times larger than its predecessor. The Belle II vertex detector plays a crucial role in the broad Belle II physics program, especially for time-dependent CP measurements. It consists of two layers of DEPFET-based pixels and four layers of double-sided silicon strip detectors (SVD).
The experience gained from the first period of SVD operation can be summarized as smooth and reliable running of the detector, with high stability of noise levels and calibration parameters obtained from local calibration runs. No major problem has been experienced. The detector even survived a few serious radiation accidents in which the beam was lost due to failure in the machine focusing quadrupoles without any notable damage. The SVD performance were carefully studied with these first physics data. The SVD showed excellent hit and tracking efficiency. Moreover, cluster energy and signal to noise ratio as well as the hit time and spatial resolutions measured on data showed a fair agreement with the expected performance.
•Belle II silicon vertex detector operated during the first year of the experiment.•All sensors worked with stable and excellent hit efficiencies above 99 %.•Signal-to-noise ratios between 15 and 30, cluster time resolution better than 3 ns.•First effects of irradiation visible in leakage currents.
Creations of many contemporary artists indicate the emergence of technoculture. Although artistic manifestations of technoculture may appear to be a provocation, they encourage fundamental ...ontological questions, such as whether a person has unchanging nature; what was and is our relationship to the Other, and what it should be; to what extent can body and mind be altered before they stop being “human”; what is the future of our species. To properly understand the works of technoculture artists, it appears necessary to have a thorough grasp post- and transhumanism as their key sources of inspiration. As a result, the developed tools will be employed to indicate which aspects of technoculture are a manifestation of post- and transhumanist ideas. This analysis is based primarily on the works of Stelarc and Orlan – two widely commented artists of technoculture.
The Belle II SVD data readout system Thalmeier, R.; Adamczyk, K.; Aihara, H. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2017, Letnik:
845
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Belle II Experiment at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) in Tsukuba, Japan, will explore the asymmetry between matter and antimatter and search for new physics beyond the ...standard model.
172 double-sided silicon strip detectors are arranged cylindrically in four layers around the collision point to be part of a system which measures the tracks of the collision products of electrons and positrons. A total of 1748 radiation-hard APV25 chips read out 128 silicon strips each and send the analog signals by time-division multiplexing out of the radiation zone to 48 Flash Analog Digital Converter Modules (FADC).
Each of them applies processing to the data; for example, it uses a digital finite impulse response filter to compensate line signal distortions, and it extracts the peak timing and amplitude from a set of several data points for each hit, using a neural network.
We present an overview of the SVD data readout system, along with front-end electronics, cabling, power supplies and data processing.
The silicon vertex detector of the Belle II experiment Adamczyk, K.; Aihara, H.; Angelini, C. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
07/2016, Letnik:
824
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The silicon vertex detector of the Belle II experiment, structured in a lantern shape, consists of four layers of ladders, fabricated from two to five silicon sensors. The APV25 readout ASIC chips ...are mounted on one side of the ladder to minimize the signal path for reducing the capacitive noise; signals from the sensor backside are transmitted to the chip by bent flexible fan-out circuits. The ladder is assembled using several dedicated jigs. Sensor motion on the jig is minimized by vacuum chucking. The gluing procedure provides such a rigid foundation that later leads to the desired wire bonding performance. The full ladder with electrically functional sensors is consistently completed with a fully developed assembly procedure, and its sensor offsets from the design values are found to be less than 200μm. The potential functionality of the ladder is also demonstrated by the radioactive source test.
Observation of B0 → p Λ ¯ D ( ) - Chang, Y. -Y.; Wang, M. -Z.; Abdesselam, A. ...
Physical review letters,
11/2015, Letnik:
115, Številka:
22
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We report the first observation of the decays B0→p$\bar{Λ}$D(*)-. The data sample of 711 fb-1 used in this analysis corresponds to 772 million $B$$\bar{B}$ pairs, collected at the Υ(4S) resonance by ...the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. We observe 19.8σ and 10.8σ excesses of events for the two decay modes and measure the branching fractions of B0→p$\bar{Λ}$D- and B0→p$\bar{Λ}$D(*)- to be (25.1±2.6±3.5)×10-6 and (33.6±6.3±4.4)×10-6, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. These results are not compatible with the predictions based on the generalized factorization approach. In addition, a threshold enhancement in the di-baryon (p$\bar{Λ}$) system is observed, consistent with that observed in similar B decays.
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