The movement of lithium ions into and out of electrodes is central to the operation of lithium-ion batteries. Although this process has been extensively studied at the device level, it remains ...insufficiently characterized at the nanoscale level of grain clusters, single grains and defects. Here, we probe the spatial variation of lithium-ion diffusion times in the battery-cathode material LiCoO(2) at a resolution of ∼100 nm by using an atomic force microscope to both redistribute lithium ions and measure the resulting cathode deformation. The relationship between diffusion and single grains and grain boundaries is observed, revealing that the diffusion coefficient increases for certain grain orientations and single-grain boundaries. This knowledge provides feedback to improve understanding of the nanoscale mechanisms underpinning lithium-ion battery operation.
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) appears to be rising in incidence across the Western World, especially in the elderly. Some of the pathogenetic mechanisms involving antigen mimicry and antibody ...cross‐reactivity have been elucidated for cases associated with neurological disease and certain drugs. There have been reports of cutaneous manifestations of Covid‐19 (SARS‐Cov2 infection) as the pandemic has raged across the world. We report here a case of prolonged Covid‐19, symptomatic with dermatoses only, which was seen to evolve initially from a maculo‐papular exanthema with acral vesicular dermatitis, into classical BP disease. This was confirmed histologically by positive skin autoantibody serology, direct IMF on peri‐lesional skin and also salt‐split IMF. Although possible that the development of BP could be a purely co‐incidental finding during Covid‐19, we suggest that it is more likely that prolonged SARS‐Cov2 infection triggered an autoimmune response to the basement membrane antigens, BP 180 and 230. To our knowledge, this is the first case of BP developing during concurrent Covid‐19 disease. It will be necessary to continue dermatological surveillance as the pandemic continues, to collate data on BP incidence and to test these patients for Covid‐19 disease. As the pandemic continues, even potential and rare associations such as this will be clarified eventually.
We present the first measurement of charge-dependent directed flow in Cu+Au collisions at radical super(s) NN=200GeV. The results are presented as a function of the particle transverse momentum and ...pseudorapidity for different centralities. A finite difference between the directed flow of positive and negative charged particles is observed that qualitatively agrees with the expectations from the effects of the initial strong electric field between two colliding ions with different nuclear charges. The measured difference in directed flow is much smaller than that obtained from the parton-hadron-string-dynamics model, which suggests that most of the electric charges, i.e., quarks and antiquarks, have not yet been created during the lifetime of the strong electric field, which is of the order of, or less than, 1fm/c.
We report the observation of transverse polarization-dependent azimuthal correlations in charged pion pair production with the STAR experiment in p super(arrowup) + p collisions at RHIC. These ...correlations directly probe quark transversity distributions. We measure signals in excess of 5 standard deviations at high material transverse momenta, at high pseudorapidities eta > 0.5, and for pair masses around the mass of the rho meson. This is the first direct transversity measurement in p + p collisions.
Collisions between prolate uranium nuclei are used to study how particle production and azimuthal anisotropies depend on initial geometry in heavy-ion collisions. We report the two- and four-particle ...cumulants, v2{2} and v2{4}, for charged hadrons from U+U collisions at sNN=193 GeV and Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. Nearly fully overlapping collisions are selected based on the energy deposited by spectators in zero degree calorimeters (ZDCs). Within this sample, the observed dependence of v2{2} on multiplicity demonstrates that ZDC information combined with multiplicity can preferentially select different overlap configurations in U+U collisions. We also show that v2 vs multiplicity can be better described by models, such as gluon saturation or quark participant models, that eliminate the dependence of the multiplicity on the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions.
Background
Lymphatic drainage of the breast is via subareolar and dermal lymphatics. The aim of this study was to determine whether distance of breast cancers from the skin and/or distance from the ...nipple impacts the likelihood of axillary nodal metastases.
Methods
A retrospective review was performed of sonographically visible T1 and T2 breast cancers with breast and axillary surgery performed at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Distance of tumor from the nipple was reviewed. Ultrasounds were reviewed to measure the distance of tumor from the skin.
Results
Data were collected on 233 eligible T1 or T2 breast cancers, of which 177 (76%) were node negative and 56 (24%) were node positive. On multivariable analysis, tumor stage and lymphovascular invasion, as well as decreasing distance of the tumor from the nipple and decreasing distance of the tumor from the skin, were significantly associated with axillary lymph node positivity. Each 1-cm decrease in the distance of the tumor from the nipple was associated with a 23% increased likelihood of positive lymph nodes (odds ratio 1.23;
P
= .003). Each 1-mm decrease in the distance of the tumor from the skin was associated with a 15% increased likelihood of positive lymph nodes (odds ratio 1.15;
P
= .003).
Conclusion
T1 and T2 breast cancers located closer to the skin and those located closer to the nipple have a higher incidence of metastases to axillary lymph nodes. Distance from the skin and distance from the nipple should be considered when estimating a patient’s likelihood of axillary nodal positivity.
What is the point of tips? Adamczyk, L; Simpkin, A; Oxley, J
Journal of clinical pathology
67, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
To look at the incidence of tip margin involvement in skin excisions for basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and to examine if any factors might be used to predict margin involvement.
All reports of BCCs by ...a single dermatopathologist were reviewed and 793 excisions were included from 642 patients. Whether there was BCC in the tip and whether this tip was involved were recorded together with macroscopic and microscopic factors based on the Royal College of Pathologists' (RCPath) dataset. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine associations between these factors and tip involvement. In 43 (5%) specimens the tip margin was involved and in 35 (4%) cases the peripheral lateral margin was involved. Risk factors for tip margin involvement were a lesion that was non-discernible macroscopically and most importantly, involvement of a peripheral lateral margin.
The incidence of tip margin involvement is small and it appears unnecessary to embed the tips unless the lesion is non-discernible macroscopically or if the peripheral lateral margin is involved.
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