One of the most devastating complications of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Although many complications associated with TKA have decreased over time, the ...trends associated with PJI are less clear. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the incidence and risk factors for PJI after primary TKA.
We performed a population-based cohort study using linked administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to analyze the effect of surgical factors and patient factors on the risk of developing PJI.
In total, 129,613 patients aged 50+ received a primary TKA for osteoarthritis from 2002 to 2016 in Ontario, Canada. In total, 1.41% of patients underwent revision surgery for PJI. When accounting for censoring, the cumulative incidence for PJI was 0.51% (95% confidence interval 0.46-0.55) at 1 year, 1.12% (1.05-1.18) at 5 years, 1.49% (1.41-1.57) at 10 years, and 1.65% (1.55-1.75) at 15 years. The multivariable model revealed that male gender, younger age, type II diabetes, post-traumatic arthritis, patellar resurfacing, and discharge to convalescent care were associated with increased risk of PJI.
The risk of PJI following TKA has decreased in small but steady increments over the past 15 years. Most PJIs are diagnosed within the first 2 years postoperatively, though a small group do continue to occur after 10 years. Overall, while the incidence of PJI has decreased slightly over the past 15 years, it remains among the most concerning complications of TKA and continued efforts aimed at further reducing its occurrence are needed.
Surgical trials pose many methodological challenges often not present in trials of medical interventions. If not properly accounted for, these challenges may introduce significant biases and threaten ...the validity of the results.
We systematically reviewed the significance of randomized controlled trials in the evaluation of surgical interventions, discussed the methodological challenges encountered in designing and conducting randomized controlled trials of surgical treatments, and proposed possible solutions to overcome these challenges.
Many barriers and issues of surgical trials affecting internal validity can be overcome with proper methodology, and in most cases these issues do not restrict their conduct. Researchers should consider their research question carefully and design a surgical trial that contains features appropriate for the question. In doing so, they must ensure that the trial is valid, feasible, and affordable--a difficult feat, but one well worth the challenge.
Purpose
Superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) has gained attention as a potential treatment option for those with massive irreparable rotator cuff tears without significant arthritis. The aim of ...this systematic review is to review and evaluate the current sources and quality of SCR literature as well as reported outcomes.
Methods
Three databases (PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and EMBASE) were searched independently and in duplicate to systematically screen the literature. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist guided the reporting and data abstraction. The results are presented in a narrative summary fashion using descriptive statistics.
Results
Overall, 58 studies were identified, including 304 different patients. There was a rapid increase in the number of publications observed over the past 3 years, with the most dramatic single-year increase noted from 2017 to 2018 (175% increase). There are no level 1 studies, and 95% of the included studies were level 4 and 5 evidence. Comparing pre-operative to post-operative pooled-weighted mean outcome scores, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score improved from 44.2 to 84.8, the Visual Analogue Scale from 5.0 to 1.5, and acromiohumeral distance from 6.5 to 8.4 mm, respectively. Range of motion in forward elevation also improved from 111° to 152°. Among studies reporting, the complication rate was 13.4% with a revision surgery rate of 4.3%.
Conclusion
Over the past 3 years there has been considerable growth in the number of publications of publications related to SCR. Despite a lack of high-quality clinical evidence, preliminary available evidence does suggest promising results both functionally and radiographically. There is a need for future higher-quality research such as large randomized controlled trials to improve our current understanding of the benefits of SCR.
Abstract A 42-item survey was developed and administered to determine patient perception of and satisfaction with total hip arthroplasty (THA) vs total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A total of 153 ...patients who had both primary THA and TKA for osteoarthritis with 1-year follow-up were identified. Survey response rate was 72%. Patients were more satisfied with THA meeting expectations for improvement in function and quality of life ( P < .05), whereas pain relief expectations were equivalent. Most patients (70.9%) reported that TKA required more physiotherapy. One-year Oxford score and improvement in Oxford score from preoperative to 1 year were superior for THAs ( P = .000). Despite equivalent pain relief, THAs trend toward higher satisfaction compared with TKAs. THA is more likely to “feel normal” with greater improvement in Oxford score. Recovery from TKA requires more physiotherapy and a longer time to achieve a satisfactory recovery status. Patients should be counseled accordingly.
Retrospective review of 1216 primary total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) to evaluate incidence and predictors of arthrofibrosis, defined as flexion less than 90° 1 year post-TKA. Incidence of stiffness ...post-TKA was 3.7% (45/1216). A matched case-control study was then conducted to identify predictive factors for this outcome. Preoperative flexion and intraoperative flexion were predictive of ultimate postoperative flexion (
P = .001 and
P = .039, respectively). There was no correlation between postoperative stiffness and specific medical comorbidities, including diabetes. Preoperative and postoperative relative decreased patellar height and stiffness postoperative were significantly correlated (
P = .001). Although stiffness post-TKA is multifactorial, careful attention to surgical exposure, restoring gap kinematics, minimizing surgical trauma to the patellar ligament/extensor mechanism, appropriate implant selection, and physiotherapy combined with a well-motivated patient may all serve to reduce the incidence of stiffness post-TKA.
Abstract
Background
Opioids continue to be the analgesic of choice for postoperative pain control following arthroscopic knee and shoulder surgery. Despite their widespread use, there are limited ...evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for postoperative opioid prescribing. The Non-Opioid Prescriptions after Arthroscopic Surgery in Canada (NO PAin) Trial is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to determine whether a non-opioid analgesia approach to postoperative pain, compared to usual care, reduces oral morphine equivalents (OME) consumed in patients undergoing outpatient knee and shoulder arthroscopy.
Methods
This is a multi-centre, RCT with a target sample size of 200 patients. Adult (18+ years of age) patients undergoing outpatient knee and shoulder arthroscopy will be randomized to a non-opioid postoperative protocol (intervention) or the current standard of care (control). The intervention will consist of a standardized non-opioid analgesic prescription, a limited rescue opioid prescription, and a patient education infographic. The control is defined as the treating surgeons’ pre-trial postoperative analgesic regimen. Exclusion criteria include chronic opioid use, concomitant open surgery, contraindications to the prescribed analgesics or ongoing workers compensation/litigation. The primary outcome is OMEs consumed at 6 weeks postoperatively. Secondary outcomes will include patient-reported pain and satisfaction, quantity of OMEs prescribed, number of opioid refills, and any adverse events up to 6 weeks postoperatively. Utilizing the intention to treat principle for all analyses, independent samples t-test and presented with a
p
-value as well as a mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) will be performed for primary and secondary outcomes.
Discussion
The ongoing opioid epidemic and overprescribing of opioids in orthopaedics serve as the rationale for this trial. There is a lack of evidence upon which to develop post-operative pain management guidelines for patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery. A prospective evaluation of this relatively inexpensive intervention will demonstrate whether an explicit effort to reduce the number of opioids prescribed results in a reduction in the amount of opioids consumed and help to inform future studies and guidelines.
Trial registration
The NO PAin trial has been prospectively registered with
clinicaltrials.gov
(
NCT04566250
).
Total knee arthroplasty is a common surgery for end-stage knee osteoarthritis. Partial knee arthroplasty is also a treatment option for patients with arthritis present in only one or two knee ...compartments. Partial knee arthroplasty can preserve the natural knee biomechanics, but these replacements may not last as long as total knee replacements. Robotic-assisted orthopedic techniques can help facilitate partial knee replacements, increasing accuracy and precision. This trial will investigate the feasibility and assess clinical outcomes for a larger definitive trial.
This is a protocol for an ongoing parallel randomized pilot trial of 64 patients with uni- or bicompartmental knee arthritis. Patients are randomized to either receive robot-assisted partial knee arthroplasty or manual total knee arthroplasty. The primary outcome of this pilot is investigating the feasibility of a larger trial. Secondary (clinical) outcomes include joint awareness, return to activities, knee function, patient global impression of change, persistent post-surgical pain, re-operations, resource utilization and cost-effectiveness, health-related quality of life, radiographic alignment, knee kinematics during walking gait, and complications up to 24 months post-surgery.
The RoboKnees pilot study is the first step in determining the outcome of robot-assisted partial knee replacements. Conclusions from this study will be used to design future large-scale trials. This study will inform surgeons about the potential benefits of robot-assisted partial knee replacements.
This study was prospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT04378049) on 4 May 2020, before the first patient was randomized.
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