Porous silica particles were prepared by sol-gel method with some modification to get wide-pore particles. These particles were derivatized with N-phenylmaleimide-methylvinylisocyanate (PMI) and ...styrene by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to prepare N-phenylmaleimide embedded polystyrene (PMP) stationary phases. Narrow bore stainless steel column (100 × 1.8 mm i.d) was packed by slurry packing method. The chromatographic performance of PMP column was evaluated for the separation of synthetic peptides mixture composed of five peptides (Gly-Tyr, Gly-Leu-Tyr, Gly-Gly-Tyr-Arg, Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg, Leucine enkephalin) and tryptic digest of human serum albumin (HAS) respectively. Number of theoretical plates as high as 280,000 plates/m were obtained for peptides mixture at optimum elution condition. Separation performance of the developed column was compared with commercial Ascentis Express RP-Amide column and it was observed that separation performance of PMP column was better than commercial column in terms of separation efficiency and resolution.
Abstract
Volumetric and acoustic analysis is used to study the interaction between sodium ethylparaben and ethylene glycol and propylene glycol as a function of temperature. Taking densities and ...speed of sound measurements at 0.1MPa and T=303.15 and 308.15K completes the approximation of apparent molar volume and apparent molar isentropic compression of glycols in aqueous solutions of sodium ethylparaben. At 303.15K and 308.15K, various parameters such as acoustic impedance, intermolecular free length, adiabatic compressibility, relaxation time, ultrasonic attenuation, relative association, and Gibbs’s free energy of glycols with sodium methyl in aqueous medium were investigated using density, viscosity, and sound speed data. Acoustic parameters such as adiabatic compressibility and intermolecular free lengths have the same behaviour as these assessed parameters, however acoustic impedance has the opposite behaviour. Between the solute and the solvent, there is a strong contact.
MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is a liver abundant microRNA that is released upon liver injury. In the present study, we investigated the circulating miR-122 profiles in a Pakistani patients´ cohort with HCV ...chronic liver disease that was mainly based on HCV genotype 3 infections. From 222 patients with chronic HCV liver disease, classified as mild, moderate, or severe, serum samples were collected. Cell-free RNA was isolated and used for miR-122 quantification by qPCR. More than 60% of 222 patients were infected with HCV genotype 3. ALT values and HCV viral load showed no correlation with the HCV genotype. Circulating miR-122 levels were significantly upregulated in patients with cirrhosis. Notably, HCV patients with mild cirrhosis showed the most marked increase in serum miR-122 levels (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, we proved a positive correlation (r = 0.46) of miR-122 with the ALT values in patients with mild cirrhosis. Importantly, our data of increased miR-122 levels in serum samples obtained from a patient cohort with a high prevalence of chronic genotype 3 HCV infection confirmed the previous findings collected from cohorts with a high prevalence of genotype 1. Therefore, we suggest that miR-122 increase after HCV infection does not depend on the HCV genotype. In conclusion, our findings confirm that serum miR-122 levels are significantly upregulated in the HCV cirrhotic patients serving in particular as a biomarker for the non-advanced stages of cirrhosis, independently of the HCV genotype.
In this work, a psychrotrophic bacteria producing cold-active protease, was obtained from Dachigam National Park, an ecologically significant habitat in Western Himalayas owing to its varied endemic ...and endangered flora and fauna. This isolate was identified as Bacillus sp. HM49 via phenotypic, Gram staining, bio-chemical and 16S rRNA gene identification. Isolate HM49 when tested for proteolytic activity revealed prominent hydrolytic zone with the most production at 20 °C and pH, 8.0 post 72 h incubation. This enzyme was purified, enhancing its specific activity to 61.15 U/mg and its characterization studies revealed it to be a cold-alkaline protease being active in a wide pH (6.0-12) and temperature (5-40 °C) range. Amplification of CAASPR gene of HM49 was performed, followed by enzyme-substrate docking studies and MMGBSA providing details about its type, molecular weight validation as well as functional applications. The purified protease of HM49 was tested for laundry applications and the enzyme was found to be compatible with majority of the detergents tested. Its potential as an eco-friendly detergent additive was further validated by wash performance test as it effectively removed recalcitrant blood stains at a low temperature of 20 °C that could be beneficial for fine garments like silk which preferably need cold washing.
The present study aimed to explore the antibacterial activity of various organic root extracts of
Skimmia anquetilia
N.P. Taylor and Airy Shaw and the identification of major functional groups and ...phytoconstituents through fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The extracts were evaluated for antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains
viz
.,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(MTCC424),
Escherichia coli
(MTCC739),
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(MTCC139),
Salmonella typhi
(MTCC3224), and
Staphylococcus aureus
(MTCC96). ESKAPE pathogens such as
S. aureus
,
K. pneumoniae
, and
P. aeruginosa
are responsible for a majority of all healthcare acquired infections. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest zone of inhibition against
P. aeruginosa
(18 mm) followed by
S. aureus
(17 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethyl acetate extract against strain of
S. aureus
(4 mg mL
–1
) demonstrated therapeutically significant antibacterial activity. The FTIR spectra of root extracts revealed the occurrence of functional characteristic peaks of alcohols, carboxylic acids, aromatic compounds, alkanes, alkenes, and amines that indicates the presence of various metabolites in the extracts. The GC-MS investigation led to the identification of diverse phytoconstituents in each of the extracts with varying concentrations and molecular masses. The highest number of compounds were identified from the methanol extract (112), followed by
n
-hexane extract (88) and ethyl acetate extract (74). The most predominant compounds were 5, 10-pentadecadien-1-ol, (
Z,Z
)-(33.94%),
n
-hexadecanoic acid (13.41%) in
n
-hexane extract, 5,10-pentadecadien-1-ol, (
Z,Z
)-(10.48%), 1-hexyl-2-nitrocyclohexane (7.94%) in ethyl acetate extract, and 1-hexyl-2-nitrocyclohexane (15.43%),
cis,cis,cis-
7,10,13-hexadecatrienal (13.29%) in methanol extract. The results of the present study will create a way for the invention of plant-based medicines for various life-threatening microbial infections using
S. anquetilia
, which may lead to the development of novel drugs against drug-resistant microbial infections.
This paper is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a Hilfer–Hadamard fractional differential equation, supplemented with mixed nonlocal (multi-point, fractional integral ...multi-order and fractional derivative multi-order) boundary conditions. The existence of a unique solution is obtained via Banach contraction mapping principle, while the existence results are established by applying the fixed point theorems due to Krasnoselskiĭ and Schaefer and Leray–Schauder nonlinear alternatives. We demonstrate the application of the main results by presenting numerical examples. We also derive the existence results for the cases of convex and non-convex multifunctions involved in the multi-valued analogue of the problem at hand.
Hadamard fractional calculus theory has made many scholars enthusiastic and excited because of its special logarithmic function integral kernel. In this paper, we focus on a class of ...Caputo-Hadamard-type fractional turbulent flow model involving <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">p(t) </tex-math></inline-formula>-Laplacian operator and Erdélyi-Kober fractional integral operator. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">p(t) </tex-math></inline-formula>-Laplacian operator involved in our model is the non-standard growth operator which arises in many fields such as elasticity theory, physics, nonlinear electrorheological fluids, ect. It is the first paper that studies a Caputo-Hadamard-type fractional turbulent flow model involving <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">p(t) </tex-math></inline-formula>-Laplacian operator and Erdélyi-Kober fractional integral operator. Different from the constant growth operator, The non-standard growth characteristics of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">p(t) </tex-math></inline-formula>-Laplacian operator bring great difficulties and challenges. In order to achieve a good survey result, we take advantage of the popular mixed monotonic iterative technique. With the help of this approach, we obtain the uniqueness of positive solution for the new Caputo-Hadamard-type fractional turbulent flow model. In the end, an example is also given to illustrate the main results.
While most of the existing class stability assessors just rely on structural information retrieved from a desired source code snapshot. However, class stability is intrinsically characterized by the ...evolution of a number of dependencies and change propagation factors which aid to promote the ripple effect. Identification of classes prone to ripple effect (instable classes) through mining the version history of change propagation factors can aid developers to reduce the efforts needed to maintain and evolve the system. We propose Historical Information for Class Stability Prediction (HICSP), an approach to exploit change history information to predict the instable classes based on its correlation with change propagation factors. Subsequently, we performed two empirical studies. In the first study, we evaluate the HICSP on the version history of 10 open source projects. Subsequently, in the second replicated study, we evaluate the effectiveness of HICSP by tuning the parameters of its stability assessors. We observed the 4 to 16 percent improvement in term of F-measure value to predict the instable classes through HICSP as compared to existing class stability assessors. The promising results indicate that HICSP is able to identify instable classes and can aid developers in their decision making.
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