Staphylococcus aureus causes many human infections, including wound infections, and its pathogenicity is mainly influenced by several virulence factors. This study aimed to detect virulence genes ...(hla, sea, icaA, and fnbA) in S. aureus isolated from different wound infections among Egyptian patients admitted to Minia University Hospital. This study also aimed to investigate the prevalence of these genes in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus isolates and the resistance and sensitivity to different antibiotic classes. A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2019 to September 2021. Standard biochemical and microbiological tests revealed 59 S. aureus isolates. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility. DNA was extracted using a DNA extraction kit, and polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify all genes. A total of 59 S. aureus isolates were detected from 51 wound samples. MRSA isolates accounted for 91.5%, whereas MSSA isolates accounted for 8.5%. The multidrug resistance (MDR) percentage in S. aureus isolates was 54.2%. S. aureus showed high sensitivity pattern against vancomycin, linezolid, and chloramphenicol. However, a high resistance pattern was observed against oxacillin and piperacillin. sea was the most predominant gene (72.9%), followed by icaA (49.2%), hla (37.3%), and fnbA (13.6%). sea was the commonest virulence gene among MRSA isolates (72.2%), and a significant difference in the distribution of icaA was found. However, sea and icaA were the commonest genes among MSSA isolates (79.9%). The highest distribution of sea was found among ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates (95.2%). The incidence of infections caused by MDR S. aureus significantly increased with MRSA prevalence. sea is the most predominant virulence factor among antibiotic-resistant strains with a significant correlation to piperacillin, gentamicin, and levofloxacin.
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) transfer rapidly among bacterial species all over the world contributing to the aggravation of antibiotic resistance crisis. Antibiotics at sub-inhibitory ...concentration induce horizontal gene transfer (HRT) between bacteria, especially through conjugation. The role of common non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals in the market in disseminating antibiotic resistance is not well studied. In this work, we indicated the effect of some commonly used non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals including antiemetic (metoclopramide HCl) and antispasmodics (hyoscine butyl bromide and tiemonium methyl sulfate) on the plasmid-mediated conjugal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between pathogenic E. coli in the gastric intestinal tract (GIT). Broth microdilution assay was used to test the antibacterial activity of the tested non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals. A conjugation mating system was applied in presence of the studied non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals to test their effect on conjugal transfer frequency. Plasmid extraction and PCR were performed to confirm the conjugation process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used for imaging the effect of non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals on bacterial cells. No antibacterial activity was reported for the used non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals. Plasmid-mediated conjugal transfer between isolates was induced by metoclopramide HCl but suppressed by hyoscine butyl bromide. Tiemonium methylsulfate slightly promoted conjugal transfer. Aggregation between cells and periplasmic bridges was clear in the case of metoclopramide HCl while in presence of hyoscine butyl bromide little affinity was observed. This study indicates the contribution of non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals to the dissemination and evolution of antibiotic resistance at the community level. Metoclopramide HCl showed an important role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Escherichia coli serotype O157: H7 and E. coli O104: H4 are well known foodborne pathogens causing sever enteric illness. Using bacteriophages as biocontrol agents of some foodborne pathogens and ...multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has a great attention nowadays. This study aims to test the effect of cocktail phages on the growth of some foodborne pathogens and MDR E. coli. Routine conventional PCR was used to confirm the identification of E. coli isolates. Double-layered culture technique was used to isolate phages from sewage water. Morphology of bacteriophage was described using transmission electron microscopy, and spot test was performed to determine host range of the phage cocktail. Phage cocktail of Siphoviridae and Podoviridae family infecting E. coli O157: H7, E. coli O104: H4 and untypeable E. coli (neither O157 nor O104) has been isolated from sewage water. Phage cocktail showed both lytic and lysogenic activity. Lytic activity was observed against E. coli O157: H7, E. coli O104: H4 isolates, Staphylococcus. aureus ATCC6538 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, while the lysogenic activity was observed against the untypeable strain. The tested phage cocktail showed a promising inhibitory action on E. coli O157: H7 and O104: H4, S. aureus ATCC6538 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145, suggesting the possibility of its use as a biocontrol tool or as natural food preservatives for many food products.
This cross-sectional survey aimed to identify aerobic bacteria, antimicrobial resistance, and multi-drug resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from different wound infections among a group of ...Egyptian patients.
Of 120 positive samples, 170 isolates were identified. Polymicrobial infections were determined in 55% of samples. The dominant Gram-positive isolated strains were Staphylococcus aureus, especially from wound infections because of accidents (71.8%). Piperacillin, methicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were all highly resistant to S. aureus and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in wound infections was 89.9%. S. aureus showed superior sensitivity to vancomycin (85.3%) and linezolid (81.3%). The highest prevalence of Gram-negative isolates was for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (40%), which was highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin (79.2%) and highly resistant to levofloxacin (83.3%). Several isolates revealed a multi-drug resistance profile (52.4%). The overall MDR rate of Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates were 50% and 54.9%, respectively.
The prevalence of MRSA isolated from various wound infections and MDR is a warning issue in Upper Egypt. It should implement a health education strategy and hygiene measures to prevent the spread of wound infection-causing organisms in the community.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause a variety of diseases especially in the hospital environment. However, this pathogen also exhibits antimicrobial activity against ...Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. This study aimed to characterize different virulence factors, secreted metabolites and to study their role in the suppression of Candida growth. Fifteen P. aeruginosa isolates were tested for their anticandidal activity against 3 different Candida spp. by the cross-streak method. The effect on hyphae production was tested microscopically using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Polymerase chain reaction was used in the detection of some virulence genes. Lipopolysaccharide profile was performed using SDS-polyacrylamide gel stained with silver. Fatty acids were analyzed by GC-MS as methyl ester derivatives. It was found that 5 P. aeruginosa isolates inhibited all tested Candida spp. (50-100% inhibition), one isolate inhibited C. glabrata only and 3 isolates showed no activity against the tested Candida spp. The P. aeruginosa isolates inhibiting all Candida spp. were positive for all virulence genes. GC-Ms analysis revealed that isolates with high anticandidal activity showed spectra for several compounds, each known for their antifungal activity in comparison to those with low or no anticandidal activity. Hence, clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa showed Candida species-specific interactions by different means, giving rise to the importance of studying microbial interaction in polymicrobial infections and their contribution to causing disease.
can cause intestinal and extra-intestinal infections which ranged from mild to life-threatening infections. The severity of infection is a product of many factors including virulence properties and ...antimicrobial resistance.
To determine the antibiotic resistance pattern, the distribution of virulence factors and their association with one another and with some selected resistance genes.
Virulence properties were analyzed phenotypically while antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby-Bauer agar disc diffusion method. In addition, 64
isolates were tested for 6 colicin genes,
virulence genes and
, and
resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Extra-intestinal pathogenic
isolated from urine and blood samples represented a battery of virulence factors and resistance genes with a great ability to produce biofilm. Also, a significant association (P<0.05) among most of the tested colicin, virulence and resistance genes was observed. The observed associations indicate the importance and contribution of the tested factors in the establishment and the progress of infection especially with
(ExPEC) which is considered a great challenging health problem.
There is a need for studying how to control these factors to decrease the rate and the severity of infections. The relationship between virulence factors and resistance genes is complex and needs more studies that should be specific for each area.
Silver is a potent antimicrobial agent against a variety of microorganisms and once the element has entered the bacterial cell, it accumulates as silver nanoparticles with large surface area causing ...cell death. At the same time, the bacterial cell becomes a reservoir for silver. This study aims to test the microcidal effect of silver-killed
O104: H4 and its supernatant against fresh viable cells of the same bacterium and some other species, including
O157: H7, Multidrug Resistant (MDR)
and Methicillin Resistant
(MRSA). Silver-killed bacteria were examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Agar well diffusion assay was used to test the antimicrobial efficacy and durability of both pellet suspension and supernatant of silver-killed
O104:H4 against other bacteria. Both silver-killed bacteria and supernatant showed prolonged antimicrobial activity against the tested strains that extended to 40 days. The presence of adsorbed silver nanoparticles on the bacterial cell and inside the cells was verified by TEM. Silver-killed bacteria serve as an efficient sustained release reservoir for exporting the lethal silver cations. This promotes its use as a powerful disinfectant for polluted water and as an effective antibacterial which can be included in wound and burn dressings to overcome the problem of wound contamination.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Atypical Pathogen in Community Acquired Pneumonia Mohammad, Abdul-Rahman Mamdouh; El-Baky, Rehab Mahmoud Abd; Ahmed, Eman Farouk
Journal of pure & applied microbiology : an international research journal of microbiology,
12/2020, Letnik:
14, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a one of most common reasons of respiratory tract infections in both adolescents and children with severity ranged from moderate to high. Many facts in the previous years ...regarding infections were induced via this organism having extra pathogenic mechanisms. Clinically, resistance to macrolide has produced internationally and represents a treatment trouble. Antimicrobial sensitivity checking out techniques have been applied, and novel antibiotics which are effective towards M. pneumoniae are present processing development. That evaluate concentrates on the several trends occurring in the previous quite a few years which beautify the grasp of that microorganism, which is one of the smallest pathogenic bacteria; however, is of extreme medical significance.
To evaluate the CT and clinical findings in patients with H1N1 pneumonia and to discuss any differences between our results and previously reported articles.
Screening for cases was started in April ...2015. First case was diagnosed in October 2015. The number of cases increased with Peak in December. We reviewed and analyzed the primary CT patterns and the clinical presentation.
Our patients were more prevalence in the age ranges from 30 to 60years, equally distributed in both sex. Cough & fever (94%) were the most frequent clinical presentation .The commonest CT finding was the patchy Ground-glass appearance (either alone or associated with other findings) found in 11 cases (69%) followed by Consolidation in 10 patients (63%). The lung affection was bilateral in 14 patients (88%), multifocal in 13 patients (81%), Peripheral location was in 10 patients (62%). Out of the 16 positive cases in CT scan, the X-ray showed positive findings in only 12 cases (75%).
The most common lung pattern in H1N1 was GGO and consolidation, with bilateral and multifocal involvement in the majority of cases showing peripheral tendency. X-ray missed about 25% of cases.
Dermatophytes are saprophytic fungi which invade the skin and contribute to the pathogenesis of Tinea corporis. Dermatophytes are resistant to conventional antifungal agents due to biofilm formation, ...that's why effective therapy is still urgently needed. The edible aromatic plant, Pelargonium graveolens, is known for antimicrobial efficacies, and is extensively colonized by endophytic fungi with potent bio-efficacies. Aspergillus caespitosus AUMC 14405 was isolated from P. graveolens leaves and subjected to GC/MS analysis which led to the tentative identification of 27 metabolites, as well as phytochemical investigation which led to the isolation of 8 compounds. The in silico-based antifungal investigation highlighted 6-methoxymellein as a potent inhibitor of Trichophyton rubrum (a tinea corporis clinical isolate) growth with a MIC of 6.25 µg/ml, compared to fluconazole with a MIC of 25 µg/ml. Interestingly, 6 methoxy mellein exhibited 16.54 % inhibition of biofilm formation compared to fluconazole (0.36 %) at 1.56 µg/ml (P < 0.001) as well as 68.38 % inhibition compared to fluconazole (39.70 %) at 200 µg/ml (p ≤ 0.005). Our results revealed that 6-methoxymellein inhibits the fungal growth of T. rubrum isolates and inhibits their biofilm formation via hyphal disintegration. This may be attributed to targeting 1,3-β-glucan synthase and Δ-14-sterol reductase responsible for maintaining cell wall integrity and ergosterol biosynthesis, which was further confirmed via docking analysis. The study highlights 6-methoxymellein, the vital crop biocide, as a promising antifungal candidate to eradicate therapy-resistant cases of biofilm forming dermatophytes, with the need for further processing for mechanistic analysis, animal testing and clinical trials.
The workflow of the study Display omitted
•Dermatophytes are saprophytic fungi which cause superficial tinea infections.•Aspergillus caespitosus endophytes grow on surfaces of the economic plant, Pelargonium graveolens.•Pelargonium graveolens contains essential oil with bioactive secondary metabolites.•Metabolites detected in A. caespitosus exhibits antidermatophyte efficacy against clinical isolates of dermatophytes.•6‑methoxy mellein effectively inhibits growth and biofilm formation by Trichophyton rubrum.
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