Abstract
Oscillatory properties of third-order half-linear neutral dynamic equations were investigated in this paper. Some conditions are obtained to ensure the oscillation of all solutions of a ...neutral dynamic equation with several coefficients and several variable delays,
t
∈ t
0
, ∞)
, where γ > 0 is a quotient of odd positive integers,
, and ,
and the results are supported by illustrative examples.
Exposure to aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induces progressive multiregional neurodegeneration in animal models by promoting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The current study was designed to ...assess the potential efficacy of the natural antioxidants celastrol and thymoquinone (TQ) for alleviating AlCl3-induced psychomotor abnormalities and oxidative-inflammatory burden in male albino rats. Four treatment groups were compared: (i) a vehicle control group, (ii) a AlCL3 group receiving daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of AlCl3 (10 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, (iii) a AlCl3 plus TQ (10 mg/kg, i.p.) cotreatment group, and (iv) a AlCl3 plus celastrol (1 mg/kg, i.p.) cotreatment group. Open-field, rotarod, and forced swimming tests were conducted to assess locomotor activity, motor coordination, anxiety-like behavior, and depressive-like behavior. Acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine, and serotonin levels were measured in brain homogenates. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase activity were measured as oxidative stress markers, while tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interlukin-6 (IL-6) expression levels were measured as inflammatory markers. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA was measured as an index for the endogenous neuroprotective response. Daily AlCl3 injection reduced free ambulation, impaired motor coordination, promoted anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, reduced whole-brain ACh, dopamine, and serotonin concentrations, increased MDA accumulation, reduced TAC, elevated TNF-α and IL-6, and suppressed BDNF mRNA expression. All of these effects were significantly reversed by TQ or celastrol cotreatment. Thus, TQ and celastrol may be promising treatments for AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity as well as neurodegenerative diseases involving oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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•AlCl3 produces psychomotor disturbances and muscle incoordination in male rats.•AlCl3 reduces brain neurotransmitters (Acetylcholine, dopamine and serotonin).•AlCl3 increases brain oxido-inflammatory burden and reduces expression of BDNF.•Thymoquinone ameliorated the behaviors, BDNF expression and biochemical deficits.•Celastrol improved the behaviors and downregulated the oxido-inflammatory burden.
The formal integration of the interior spaces in general and the commercial spaces of the watch shops in the large commercial centers in particular is the goal that the designers aim to reach in ...order for the interior space to become successful in terms of the design idea and its characteristics. Implementation mechanism. One of the reasons for achieving formal integration in the interior spaces of watch shops is the requirements of the design that must be available in these spaces to reach a state of formal integration between the interior and the exterior so that the space becomes fully integrated in all respects. Because of the aforementioned reasons for dealing with the research, through four chapters: The first chapter included the research plan and its problem, which was summarized in the following question: (What are the design requirements that must be available in the interior design? Shop spaces that sell watches as commercial spaces require formal integration)? The importance of the research, its objective, the objective limits, the spatial and temporal limits of the research were also highlighted, and the most important terms mentioned in the research title were identified. As for the second chapter, it included previous studies and the theoretical framework, which included two parts. The first dealt with formal integration into the interior spaces. As for the second, it dealt with the internal commercial spaces in all its details, in addition to the results of the theoretical framework in terms of indicators. As for the third chapter, it was devoted to the research procedures, as the researcher relied on the descriptive approach in analyzing the selected samples and models. The fourth chapter also included the results of the analysis and the conclusions obtained in light of the research objective, recommendations and proposals. and a list of sources and appendices.
The current study aimed to test the neuroprotective action of topiramate in mouse peripheral diabetic neuropathy (DN) and explored some mechanisms underlying this action. Mice were assigned as ...vehicle group, DN group, DN + topiramate 10-mg/kg and DN + topiramate 30-mg/kg. Mice were tested for allodynia and hyperalgesia and then spinal cord and sciatic nerves specimens were examined microscopically and neurofilament heavy chain (NEFH) immunostaining was performed. Results indicated that DN mice had lower the hotplate latency time (0.46-fold of latency to licking) and lower von-Frey test pain threshold (0.6-fold of filament size) while treatment with topiramate increased these values significantly. Sciatic nerves from DN control mice showed axonal degeneration while spinal cords showed elevated GFAP (5.6-fold) and inflammatory cytokines (∼3- to 4-fold) but lower plasticity as indicated by GAP-43 (0.25-fold). Topiramate produced neuroprotection and suppressed spinal cord GFAP/inflammation but enhanced GAP-43. This study reinforces topiramate as neuroprotection and explained some mechanisms included in alleviating neuropathy.
Abstract Background In patients with unexplained chronic diarrhea colonoscopy and upper GI endoscopy are helpful in the diagnosis. It is the routine practice in Ain Shams University pediatric ...endoscopy unit to perform both procedures at same setting for patients with unexplained chronic diarrhea. Aim of the Work To find out whether doing Oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD) and colonoscopy in patients with chronic diarrhea in one setting is essential for the diagnosis of all cases. Patients and Methods Fifty patients presenting with chronic unexplained diarrhea (>4 weeks duration) in Paediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Children’s Hospital, Ain-Shams University were enrolled. After full history taking, physical examination, both endoscopies were performed biopsy taken and histopathological recording for each sample. Results Of 50 patients with chronic diarrhea included in our study; 23 (46%) had positive endoscopic findings in the OGD. Most common findings in esophagus and stomach were inflammation and erythema. while most common findings in duodenum were edema and flattened mucosa. Colonoscopy findings were positive in 50% of patients including inflammation, nodularity, and edema mostly in the ileum. 50% of endoscopied patients reached final diagnosis based on endoscopy and histopathology. Definitive diagnosis reached through EGD alone in (12%) of cases, through colonoscopy alone in (28%) and through both techniques in (60%). There was no statistical significant agreement between endoscopy findings and predominant gastrointestinal manifestations including different types of diarrhea, fecal calprotectin with p-value =0.150, and 0.833 respectively. There was no statistical significant agreement between final diagnosis and suspected GIT part involvement on initial clinical evaluation with p- value=0.805. Conclusion Endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal tract and colonoscopy at same day may be helpful in diagnosis of cases with chronic diarrhea as we can't decide which one to perform based on clinical presentation.
This study investigated the effectiveness of several types of adhesives used in post-installed rebar connections as a bonding agent between steel reinforcement bars and old concrete under pull out ...test. The experimental samples were; cylindrical samples of (150 mm dia. × 300 mm high) with anchors rebar of varying diameter (12 and 16 mm), different embedded length (100 and 150) mm with different holes’ diameters. The strategy of control were cast-in-place rebar concrete specimens while other samples are post-installed rebar concrete specimens of varied chemical adhesives as bonding agents, namely KUT EPOXY ANCHOR ‘NS’ and SIKAFLOOR169. The output showed that the different adhesives yielded closed pull-out load values. It is found that the pull-out capacity (bond strength) is increased by increasing the embedded length, the diameter of the rebar and slightly with the diameter of the hole. In addition, the failure mode of post-installed rebar concrete was governed by the embedded length and the area of contact with the adhesives. On the other hand, the larger diameter of rebar favors splitting or failure of concrete due to higher strength in binder-rebar interface compare to the binder-concrete interface. The results showed that the pull-out load was increased by (26 % and 32 %) as the rebar diameter increased from 12 mm to 16 mm for KUT “NS” and SIKAFLOOR respectively. The hole diameter had slightly effect of the pull out load where the average of increment was only 6 %. Finally, the bonding strength is considerably depended on the embedded length and less affected by the type of epoxy.
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