The aim of the present study was to describe specific characteristics of patients suffering from pelvic fragility fractures and evaluate factors that might influence treatment decisions which may ...optimize treatment pathways and patient mobility in the future.
A prospective study with patients suffering from fractures of the pelvis and aged 60 years or above was performed between 2012 and 2016. Data acquisition took place at admission, every day during hospitalization and at discharge.
One hundred thirty-four patients (mean age of 79.93 (± 7.67) years), predominantly female (84%), were included. Eighty-six patients were treated non-operatively. Forty-eight patients underwent a surgical procedure. The main fracture types were B2 fractures (52.24%) and FFP IIb fractures (39.55%). At the time of discharge, pain level (NRS) could be significantly reduced (p < 0.001). Patients who underwent a surgical procedure had a significantly higher pain level on day three and four compared to the non-operative group (p = 0.032 and p = 0.023, respectively). Significant differences were found in the mobility level: patients treated operatively on day four or later were not able to stand or walk on day three as compared to non-operatively treated patients. Regarding B2 fractures, a significantly higher mobility level difference between time of admission and discharge was found in patients treated with a surgical procedure compared to patients treated non-operatively (p = 0.035).
Fracture type, mobility level and pain level influence the decision to proceed with surgical treatment. Especially patients suffering from B2 fractures benefitted in terms of mobility level at discharge when treated operatively.
II.
FtsHs are a well‐characterized family of membrane bound proteases containing an AAA (ATPase associated with various cellular activities) and a Zn2+ metalloprotease domain. FtsH proteases are found in ...eubacteria, animals and plants and are known to have a crucial role in housekeeping proteolysis of membrane proteins. In Arabidopsis thaliana, 12 FtsH family members are present (FtsH 1–12) and their subcellular localization is restricted to mitochondria and chloroplasts. In addition, five genes coding for proteins homologous to FtsH (FtsHi 1–5) have been detected in the genome, lacking the conserved zinc‐binding motif HEXXH, which presumably renders them inactive for proteolysis. These inactive FtsHs as well as nine of the active FtsHs are thought to be localized in the chloroplast. In this article, we shortly summarize the recent findings on plastidic FtsH proteases in text and figures. We will mainly focus on FtsH 1, 2, 5 and 8 localized in the thylakoid membrane and known for their importance in photosynthesis.
While probably originating from Africa, the plant
Ricinus communis
is found nowadays around the world, grown for industrial use as a source of castor oil production, wildly sprouting in many regions, ...or used as ornamental plant. As regards its pharmacological utility, a variety of medical purposes of selected parts of the plant, e.g., as a laxative, an anti-infective, or an anti-inflammatory drug, have been described already in the sixteenth century
bc
in the famous Papyrus Ebers (treasured in the Library of the University of Leipzig). Quite in contrast, on the toxicological side, the native plant has become the “poisonous plant 2018” in Germany. As of today, a number of isolated components of the plant/seeds have been characterized, including, e.g., castor oil, ricin,
Ricinus communis
agglutinin, ricinin, nudiflorin, and several allergenic compounds. This review mainly focuses on the most toxic protein, ricin D, classified as a type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP2). Ricin is one of the most potent and lethal substances known. It has been considered as an important bioweapon (categorized as a Category B agent (second-highest priority)) and an attractive agent for bioterroristic activities. On the other hand, ricin presents great potential, e.g., as an anti-cancer agent or in cell-based research, and is even explored in the context of nanoparticle formulations in tumor therapy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacology and toxicology-related body of knowledge on ricin. Toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic aspects of ricin poisoning and possibilities for analytical detection and therapeutic use are summarized as well.
COVID-19 in a lung transplant recipient Aigner, Clemens; Dittmer, Ulf; Kamler, Markus ...
The Journal of heart and lung transplantation,
06/2020, Letnik:
39, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Fungi can produce a wide range of chemical compounds via secondary metabolism. These compounds are of major interest because of their (potential) application in medicine and biotechnology and as a ...potential source for new therapeutic agents and drug leads. However, under laboratory conditions, most secondary metabolism genes remain silent. This circumstance is an obstacle for the production of known metabolites and the discovery of new secondary metabolites. In this study, we describe the dual role of the transcription factor Xylanase promoter binding protein 1 (Xpp1) in the regulation of both primary and secondary metabolism of Trichoderma reesei. Xpp1 was previously described as a repressor of xylanases. Here, we provide data from an RNA-sequencing analysis suggesting that Xpp1 is an activator of primary metabolism. This finding is supported by our results from a Biolog assay determining the carbon source assimilation behavior of an xpp1 deletion strain. Furthermore, the role of Xpp1 as a repressor of secondary metabolism is shown by gene expression analyses of polyketide synthases and the determination of the secondary metabolites of xpp1 deletion and overexpression strains using an untargeted metabolomics approach. The deletion of Xpp1 resulted in the enhanced secretion of secondary metabolites in terms of diversity and quantity. Homologs of Xpp1 are found among a broad range of fungi, including the biocontrol agent Trichoderma atroviride, the plant pathogens Fusarium graminearum and Colletotrichum graminicola, the model organism Neurospora crassa, the human pathogen Sporothrix schenckii, and the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea.
Peritoneal spread is frequent in gastric cancer (GC) and a palliative condition. After failure to systemic chemotherapy (sCTx) remaining therapeutic options are very limited. We evaluated the ...feasibility and efficacy of locoregional chemotherapy (RegCTx) in peritoneal metastatic GC. In total, 38 (23 male and 15 female) patients with peritoneal metastatic GC after failure of previous sCTx and unresectable disease were enrolled in this study. Using the hypoxic abdominal stop-flow perfusion, upper abdominal perfusion and intraarterial infusion technique in total 114 cycles with Cisplatin, Adriamycin and Mitomycin C were applied. No significant procedure related toxicity was noticed- especially no Grade 3 or 4 toxicity occurred. With the RegCTx approach a median overall survival of 17.4 months was achieved. Patients who had undergone previously resection of the GC the median overall survival was even better with 23.5 months. RegCTx is a promising, safe and efficient approach in diffuse metastatic GC. The evaluation of RegCTx in the setting of multimodal treatment approach at less advanced stages is also warranted.
Alcohol misuse is the leading cause of cirrhosis and the second most common indication for liver transplantation in the Western world. We performed a genome-wide association study for alcohol-related ...cirrhosis in individuals of European descent (712 cases and 1,426 controls) with subsequent validation in two independent European cohorts (1,148 cases and 922 controls). We identified variants in the MBOAT7 (P = 1.03 × 10(-9)) and TM6SF2 (P = 7.89 × 10(-10)) genes as new risk loci and confirmed rs738409 in PNPLA3 as an important risk locus for alcohol-related cirrhosis (P = 1.54 × 10(-48)) at a genome-wide level of significance. These three loci have a role in lipid processing, suggesting that lipid turnover is important in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related cirrhosis.
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