Introduction: Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) and is categorised into the Germinal Centre B-cell (GCB) and Activated B-cell (ABC/Non GCB) ...subtypes as per the Cell Of Origin (COO) model with the help of gene expression profiling/ immunohistochemistry. The non GCB subtype has been found to associate with the Double Expressor (DE) phenotype (i.e., co-expression of BCL-2 and c-myc by IHC and this association was substantiated and proven to be statistically significant in the present study. Aim: To categorise all DLBCL cases into GCB and Non GCB and further into DE and Non-DE by using Hans and Choi IHC alogrithm. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 50 patients was carried out with the help of archival material filed in the Department of Anatomic Pathology at Dharamshila Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, New Delhi, India from 1st January 2019 to 30th June 2020. The study was approved by Instituitional Ethics Committee (IEC). Chi-square test and Yates correction were used for statistical analysis. Results: The study cohort was divided into two Groups- group-A with nodal presentation and group-B with extranodal presentation. By using the Hans and Choi IHC algorithms, the cases were categorised into the GCB and non GCB subtypes in both the groups. The DE phenotype was determined in each case by the co-expression of c-myc (>40%) and BCL-2 (>50%) by IHC. By using the statistical chi-square test analysis and Yates correction, the association of DE was found to be statistically significant with non GCB type lymphomas and non DE with GCB lymphomas with p-value being 0.0005 and 0.00168, respectively. Conclusion: Due to the heterogeneity inherent in DLBCL, prediction of the DE phenotype and the COO by IHC is a sensitive tool and helps in the prognostication and therapeutic triage of patients. Hence, in all the cases diagnosed as DLBCL, a detailed morphological and IHC work up is mandatory to determine prognosis and possibly tailor therapy according to COO and DE phenotype.
The kinetics of NKG2C
adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells and NKG2A
inhibitory NK (iNK) cells with respect to the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection were studied for 6 months in a cohort of healthcare ...workers following the administration of the heat-killed
(Mw group) in comparison to a control group. In both groups, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) correlated with lower NKG2C
ANK cells at baseline. There was a significant upregulation of NKG2C expression and IFN-γ release in the Mw group (p=0.0009), particularly in those with a lower baseline NKG2C expression, along with the downregulation of iNK cells (p<0.0001). This translated to a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in the Mw group (incidence risk ratio-0.15, p=0.0004). RNA-seq analysis at 6 months showed an upregulation of the ANK pathway genes and an enhanced ANK-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) signature. Thus, Mw was observed to have a salutary impact on the ANK cell profile and a long-term upregulation of ANK-ADCC pathways, which could have provided protection against COVID-19 in a non-immune high-risk population.
Mycobacterium-
(Mw) was shown to boost adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells and protect against COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. As a follow-up of the trial, 50 healthcare workers (HCW) ...who had received Mw in September 2020 and subsequently received at least one dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Mw + ChAdOx1 group) were monitored for symptomatic COVID-19 during a major outbreak with the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 (April-June 2021), along with 201 HCW receiving both doses of the vaccine without Mw (ChAdOx1 group). Despite 48% having received just a single dose of the vaccine in the Mw + ChAdOx1 group, only two had mild COVID-19, compared to 36 infections in the ChAdOx1 group (HR-0.46,
= 0.009). Transcriptomic studies revealed an enhanced adaptive NK cell-dependent ADCC in the Mw + ChAdOx1 group, along with downregulation of the TLR2-MYD88 pathway and concomitant attenuation of downstream inflammatory pathways. This might have resulted in robust protection during the pandemic with the delta variant.
2,3,4 The differential diagnosis is difficult due to polymorphous nature and only mild to moderate cytological atypia in the lymphocyte population, in some cases to a degree that could occasionally ...be seen in reactive cutaneous T-cell infiltrates (pseudolymphoma)....phenotypic aberrancy may not be found always, hence confirmation of a clonal TCR gene rearrangement by molecular genetic analysis is often required for diagnosis.Cases with greater than 30% large pleomorphic tumor cells should be classified as peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified, according to the definition provided by the world health organisation-european organization for research and treatment of cancer classification....few cases have shown spontaneous, partial, or complete resolution of the cutaneous lesion.
Following a major seasonal outbreak of H1N1 influenza in 2018 September, prophylactic oseltamivir for six months was initiated in children undergoing haploidentical HCT with regular monitoring for ...influenza and other respiratory virus infections. Influenza was not detected in 22 children undergoing prophylaxis, compared to 8 H1N1 infections in 21 adults without prophylaxis (P = .01). Four children on prophylaxis were detected to have other respiratory viruses, compared to 8 in those without prophylaxis. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) was observed only in association with H1N1 (4/8 with H1N1 vs 0/35 without H1N1, P = .001) and was thus lower in the prophylaxis group (P = .04). The overall incidence of episodes of respiratory illness and hospital stay were also lower in those on prophylaxis (P = .001). There were no untoward side effects associated with prophylactic oseltamivir. Prophylactic oseltamivir was safe and effective in prevention of H1N1 infection and subsequent IPA in children at‐risk, early after haploidentical HCT.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic malignancy and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. It has a very aggressive clinical course, with a mean survival ...rate of much less than a year if left untreated. Here, we present a case of a 68-year-old male with progressively enlarging painful right facial swelling, involving the ramus and condyle of mandible on contrast-enhanced computed tomography mimicking an osteosarcoma. Eventually, the final diagnosis of HCC metastatic to the right parotid gland was made. We report a case of a rare metastasis of HCC to the parotid gland. Furthermore, the present case demonstrates the importance of tissue biopsy and immunohistochemistry for obtaining an accurate final diagnosis.
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy: A rare case report Kumar, Abhishek; Deepthi, V; Aggarwal, Ruchi ...
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology/Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology,
01/2018, Letnik:
22, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy is a rare benign but locally aggressive neoplasm of neural crest origin with a high recurrence rate. It usually affects infants of < 1 year of age. ...Involvement of maxilla of an infant is the most common presentation although cases outside this setting have been reported. We report the case of a 6-month-old male child presenting with intraoral swelling. Radiologically, a tumor was detected in the right maxilla, and wide local excision was done. Histological examination revealed typical biphasic population of cells with deposits of melanin pigment. Immunohistochemistry study was done confirming the diagnosis.
Mycobacterium-w (Mw) was shown to boost adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells and protect against COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. As a follow-up of the trial, 50 healthcare workers ...(HCW) who had received Mw in September 2020 and subsequently received at least one dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Mw + ChAdOx1 group) were monitored for symptomatic COVID-19 during a major outbreak with the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 (April–June 2021), along with 201 HCW receiving both doses of the vaccine without Mw (ChAdOx1 group). Despite 48% having received just a single dose of the vaccine in the Mw + ChAdOx1 group, only two had mild COVID-19, compared to 36 infections in the ChAdOx1 group (HR-0.46, p = 0.009). Transcriptomic studies revealed an enhanced adaptive NK cell-dependent ADCC in the Mw + ChAdOx1 group, along with downregulation of the TLR2-MYD88 pathway and concomitant attenuation of downstream inflammatory pathways. This might have resulted in robust protection during the pandemic with the delta variant.
Cutaneous melanoma in childhood is a rare disease. Rendering a clinical diagnosis of melanoma in pediatric patients is confounded by the fact that pigmented lesions in pediatric patients do not ...conform to the ABCDE rules applicable to adult patients. Furthermore, making a histologic diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma in childhood is also difficult with no universally accepted criteria applicable to pediatric melanomas. We report the case of a 5-year-old child presenting with intraparotid lymph node metastasis who was later found to have melanoma involving periorbital region. It is proposed that careful analysis of histologic features as well as the additional information provided by immunohistochemistry should allow for a correct diagnosis in most cases of melanoma in children.
PDF
