1. The experiments were conducted to evaluate astaxanthin (Ax) uptake in several tissues and plasma lipoproteins of male broiler chickens fed on Phaffia rhodozyma containing a high concentration of ...Ax. 2. Male broiler chicks (5 weeks of age) fasted for 16 h were given 0 or 45 mg Ax as Phaffia rhodozyma through the crop and blood was collected over the following 24 h. Ax appeared in the plasma at 2 h after administration into the crop. Most (more than 70%) of the Ax was contained in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction in the plasma irrespective of blood sampling times and administration procedure of Ax. 3. Male broiler chicks (2 weeks of age) were fed on a diet containing 0, 50 or 100 mg/kg of yeast Ax for 2 weeks. Of the tissues examined, Ax concentration in the small intestine was highest, followed by subcutaneous fat, abdominal fat, spleen, liver, heart, kidney and skin. The lowest concentration was in the muscles. Ax concentration in the small intestine, subcutaneous fat, abdominal lat, liver and skin rose as dietary content increased, but this was not the case for the spleen, heart, kidney and muscles except for M. pectoralis superficialis. 4. Over 50% of Ax deposited in liver tissues was detected in the microsomal fraction and 15% was in the mitochondrial fraction. In muscles, both fractions of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum contained Ax.
1. Effects of dietary supplementation of astaxanthin (Ax) provided from Phaffia rhodozyma on lipid peroxidation, hepatic drug metabolism, antibody titres to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and ...splenocyte proliferation to mitogens were determined in male broiler chicks. 2. Chicks, one week old, were given diets with or without oxidised fat (0 or 3.7 meq of peroxide value (POV)/kg diet) and/or Ax (0 or 100 mg/kg diet) for 14 d, ad libitum. 3. Lipid peroxidation, estimated by 2-thiobarbituric acid reactants values in liver, spleen, heart, plasma and hepatic microsomes, were increased by feeding a diet containing oxidised fat (P<0.05) but were not affected by Ax feeding. 4. Cytochrome P-450 contents in hepatic microsome tended to be increased by feeding Ax. 5. Anti-SRBC titre was not affected by oxidised fat or Ax feeding, while plasma immunogloblin (Ig) G concentration was increased by Ax feeding but was not affected by oxidised fat feeding. 6. When chicks were fed on the diet without oxidised fat, Ax enhanced splenocyte proliferation stimulated by both concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen, while in chicks fed on a diet containing oxidised fat, Ax reduced the proliferation (P<0.01 for Ax and oxidised fat interaction). 7. The results indicated that dietary supplementation of Ax from Phaffia rhodozyma had an impact on T cell proliferation and Ig G production as a part of acquired immunity, but was not effective in preventing lipid peroxidation in male broiler chicks.
The biosynthesis and release of nitric oxide (NO) from skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in transport and utilization of glucose. There are, however, no reports concerning the effects of NO on the ...transport of glucose in skeletal muscles of chickens characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether a NO donor or a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor influences basal or insulin-mediated glucose uptake
in vivo in skeletal muscles of chickens. Single administration of NOC12, a NO donor at 1125 μg/kg body mass (BW) to 14 days old chicks caused an increase in plasma NO concentration, while it did not affect plasma glucose concentration. In contrast, a single injection of NOS inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) at 300 mg/kg BW reduced plasma NO concentration, while it did not effect plasma glucose concentration. Chicks were also treated with or without NO modifier and/or insulin to estimate glucose transport activity, which was estimated by the 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) uptake method. NOC12 treatment significantly increased basal glucose uptake, with no insulin stimulation, in extensor digitrorum longus (EDL) muscle (
P
<
0.01), while it caused no significant changes in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the skeletal muscles assayed. Injection of L-NAME at 300 mg/kg BW resulted in a significant decrease in the basal glucose uptake in gastrocnemius muscles (
P
<
0.01). No significant changes in the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by L-NAME were observed in any skeletal muscles studied. The results suggest that NO plays a lesser role in the modulation of glucose transport in chicken skeletal muscle compared to mammals and may be involved in non-insulin mediated glucose transport.
We report a measurement of the B mode polarization power spectmm in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using the Polarbear experiment in Chile. The faint B mode polarization signature carries ...information about the universe's entire history of gravitational structure formation, and the cosmic inflation that may have occurred in the very early universe. Our measurement covers the angular multipole range 500 < l < 2100 and is based on observations of an effective sky area of 25 deg super(2) with 3'5 resolution at 150 GHz. On these angular scales, gravitational lensing of the CMB by intervening structure in the universe is expected to be the dominant source of B mode polarization. Including both systematic and statistical uncertainties, the hypothesis of no B mode polarization power from gravitational lensing is rejected at 97.2% confidence. The band powers are consistent with the standard cosmological model. Fitting a single lensing amplitude parameter A sub(BB) to the measured band powers, A sub(BB) = 1 12 + or - O 61(stat) super(+0 04) sub(-0 12)(sys) + or - 0 07(multi), where A sub(BB) = 1 is the fiducial WMAP 9 LambdaCDM value. In this expression, "stat" refers to the statistical uncertainty, "sys" to the systematic uncertainty associated with possible biases from the instrument and astrophysical foregrounds, and "multi" to the calibration uncertainties that have a multiplicative effect on the measured amplitude A sub(BB)
1. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of a single administration of xylitol to newly hatched chicks on growth, digestive enzyme activity and immune responses at 12 d of age. 2. ...Female broiler chicks (Cobb) were given 0.5 ml of either 20% glucose, 20% xylitol or water alone within 24 h after hatch. Thereafter, all chicks were reared under conventional conditions and given a commercial broiler starter diet until 12 d of age in experiment 1. In experiment 2, they were deprived of feed and water for 24 h and kept at 27 degrees C to mimic transportation stress before given feed and water. 3. Body weights at 5 d of age did not differ among the treatments, but at 12 d of age chicks given 20% xylitol showed greater body weight than those in the other treatment groups. Bursa weight (mg per 100 g body weight) was greater in chicks given xylitol solution than in chicks given glucose solution or water at 5 and 12 d of age. 4. Amylase and chymotrypsin activities in the pancreas of chicks given xylitol solution were higher than in chicks given water or glucose solution at 5 and/or 12 d of age. 5. A single administration of xylitol within 24 h after hatch increased splenocyte proliferation against concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen, and antibody titres to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) and Mycobacterium butyricum (Mb) as compared to glucose, administration at 12 d of age, but not as compared to water administration. 6. These results indicated that xylitol may be a functional carbohydrate source to improve growth rate and health and to relieve transportation stress in broiler chicks.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary xylitol concentration on growth performance, plasma (alpha1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), nitrite, and Fe concentration in male broiler ...chicks during immunological stress. Ten-day-old chicks were fed a corn-soybean diet containing 15% glucose and 6% xylitol or 15% xylitol with identical metabolizable energy and crude protein content for 12 d in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, 12-d-old chicks were fed either the 15% glucose or 6% xylitol diet for 7 d. During the final 6 d of each experiment, half of the birds fed each diet were injected intraperitoneally with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0127:B8) on Days 1, 3, and 5 and with Sephadex-G50 superfine on Days 2 and 4 to stimulate the immune system. The xylitol diets partially prevented reductions in body weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency caused by LPS and Sephadex injections, but the glucose diet did not. The injections of LPS and Sephadex increased plasma AGP and nitrite concentrations. Plasma AGP concentration on Days 2 and 6 in chicks fed the xylitol diets did not differ from that of chicks fed the glucose diet in both experiments. Nitric oxide production estimated by plasma nitrite concentration following immunological stress did not differ due to dietary treatments in Experiment 2. The LPS and Sephadex resulted in decreased plasma Fe concentration on Day 6 in Experiment 1 in chicks fed glucose but not xylitol. These results indicate that a beneficial effect of dietary xylitol on growth is obtained with 6% xylitol given to chicks 1 d before stimulating the immune system.
1. A study was conducted to identify the specificity of insulin-glucose interactions in newly hatched broiler chicks. 2. Plasma insulin concentrations in fed chicks at one day post-hatch were lower ...than those at later ages and tended to increase up to d 7, while the concentrations from 1 to 7 d of age were lower than those in chickens of 10 to 28 d of age. 3. Plasma glucose concentrations were lowered for 60 min by injection of insulin at 10 and 40 µg/kg body weight (BW) in both 1- and 21-d-old chicks, showing that the hypoglycaemic effect of exogenous insulin is of larger magnitude but shorter duration in 1-d-old chicks. 4. The decrease in plasma glucose concentration at 60 min after insulin injection (10 and 40 µg/kg BW) was larger in 1- to 7-d-old chicks than in 14- to 21-d-old chickens. 5. These results indicate that newly hatched broiler chicks are under the control of specific insulin-glucose interactions characterised by low plasma insulin concentrations with high sensitivity to insulin.
Silicon vertex tracker for RHIC PHENIX experiment Taketani, A.; Akiba, Y.; Apdula, N. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
11/2010, Letnik:
623, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The PHENIX experiment at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider will be equipped with Silicon Vertex tracker to enhance its physics capability. There are four layers of silicon sensor to reconstruct charged ...tracks with 50μm resolution of decay length measurement. The VTX surrounds the collision point. The inner two layers and the outer two layers are composed of 30 pixel ladders and 44 stripixel ladders, respectively. We have been developing these detectors and done a performance test with 120GeV proton beam.
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