One of the most important qualities of buffer layers for RE-BCO coated conductors’ growth is close lattice match with RE-BCO. However, there is no natural material with a 100% lattice match with ...RE-BCO. In this study mixtures of europium oxide (Eu
2O
3) and ytterbium oxide (Yb
2O
3), (Eu
1−
u
Yb
u
)
2O
3 (0.0⩽
u⩽1.0), were investigated as a candidate buffer layer that could have same lattice parameter as YBa
2Cu
3O
7−
δ
(YBCO). Because the pseudocubic lattice parameter of Eu
2O
3 is bigger, and that of Yb
2O
3 is smaller than lattice parameter of YBCO, and the mixed oxides with appropriate ratio would have same lattice parameter of YBCO. The mixtures were prepared using metal-organic precursor by sol–gel process, and it was found that all mixed samples are single phase, complete solid solutions, and have same crystal system over the whole range of “
u”. Lattice parameters of mixed (Eu
1−
u
Yb
u
)
2O
3 oxide powders were changed between 10.86831 and 10.42828 Å which are lattice parameter of Eu
2O
3 and Yb
2O
3, respectively by changing the ratio of Eu/Yb in the mixture. Phase and lattice parameter analysis revealed that pseudocubic lattice parameter of (Eu
0.893Yb
0.107)
2O
3 is 3.82 Å which is same as the lattice parameter of YBCO. Textured (Eu
0.893Yb
0.107)
2O
3 buffer layers were grown on biaxially textured-Ni (1
0
0) substrates. The solution was prepared from Europium and Ytterbium 2,4-pentadioanate, and was deposited on the Ni substrates using a reel-to-reel sol–gel dip coating system. The textured films were annealed at 1150 °C for 10 min under 4% H
2–Ar gas flow. Extensive texture analysis has been done to characterize the texture of (Eu
0.893Yb
0.107)
2O
3 buffer layers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the buffer layer showed strong out-of-plane orientation on Ni tape. The (Eu
0.893Yb
0.107)
2O
3 (2
2
2) pole figure indicated a single cube-on-cube textured structure. The omega and phi scans revealed good out-of-plane and in-plane alignments. The full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) values of omega and Phi scan of (Eu
0.893Yb
0.107)
2O
3 films were 6.45° and 7.70°, respectively. ESEM micrographs of the films revealed pinhole-free, crack-free and dense microstructures.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a well-known and successful treatment modality. In addition, it can be used in premature infants. ESWL is used to treat kidney and ureter stones in ...children. However, although it is a preferred noninvasive treatment in that setting, there is debate about its long-term effects on growing kidneys in children.
To investigate the long-term effects of pediatric ESWL on renal function in light of updated literature.
PubMed and Medline were searched for studies on ESWL in a pediatric population with keywords including efficacy, child, kidney calculi, ureter calculi, lithotripsy, injury, vascular trauma, and shock waves. The research was limited to the English literature during a period from 1980 to 2014. In total, 3,000 articles were evaluated, but only 151 papers were considered. Only the manuscripts directly related to the reviewed subjects were included in the current study.
However, the acute effects of ESWL in kidney are well-described. Although there are limited studies on the long-term effects of ESWL in children, there is a widespread opinion that ESWL is not affecting renal functions in the long-term.
ESWL is a safe, effective, and noninvasive treatment option in children. Although ESWL can cause some acute effects in the kidney, there is no long-term effect on the growing kidneys of children.
The Ottoman Empire was unprepared for the massive conflict of World War I. Lacking the infrastructure and resources necessary to wage a modern war, the empire's statesmen reached beyond the ...battlefield to sustain their war effort. They placed unprecedented hardships onto the shoulders of the Ottoman people: mass conscription, a state-controlled economy, widespread food shortages, and ethnic cleansing. By war's end, few aspects of Ottoman daily life remained untouched. When the War Came Home reveals the catastrophic impact of this global conflict on ordinary Ottomans. Drawing on a wide range of sources—from petitions, diaries, and newspapers to folk songs and religious texts—Yi?it Ak?n examines how Ottoman men and women experienced war on the home front as government authorities intervened ever more ruthlessly in their lives. The horrors of war brought home, paired with the empire's growing demands on its people, fundamentally reshaped interactions between Ottoman civilians, the military, and the state writ broadly. Ultimately, Ak?n argues that even as the empire lost the war on the battlefield, it was the destructiveness of the Ottoman state's wartime policies on the home front that led to the empire's disintegration.
BaZrO3 thick films were grown on Ag and AgMg sheathed Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d (Bi-2212) superconducting tapes for electrical insulation purposes. A BaZrO3 (BZO) precursor solution was prepared by sol-gel ...synthesis using Ba and Zr based alkoxide. Reel-to-reel continuous sol-gel dip coating method was used to grow BZO coatings on superconducting tapes. Processing, microstructure and electrical properties of high temperature BZO insulation coatings have been studied. The BZO coatings were grown at 450 and 600 C in air. ESEM and XRD were used to investigate microstructure and crystallinity of the coatings. RT resistance, dielectric constant, and high voltage breakdown strength of the coatings were measured to be 13 MOHM, 22.5 and 1.0 kV at 1.5 mA, resp. 20 refs.
The critical current density (J/sub c/) of the monofilament Monel/Fe/MgB/sub 2/ wire was measured between 4.2 K and 30 K with a Variable Temperature Insert (VTI) in a 20 T superconducting magnet ...using the analog DC pulse four-wire method with 1 /spl mu/v/cm criterion. The critical current density, J/sub c/ was measured to be 0.16/spl times/10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 4 T at 21 K for a MgB/sub 2/ sample which was annealed at 700/spl deg/C for 5 min and at 900/spl deg/C for 5 min under Ar gas flow. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were used to characterize the microstructure of the samples.
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