Introduction la cellule endothéliale cornéenne, ayant les mêmes caractéristiques physiologiques que les cellules endothéliales vasculaires, pourrait représenter un marqueur de dysfonction ...endothéliale globale. Elle a comme spécificité son accessibilité à l'exploration non invasive par microscopie spéculaire. l'objectif de l'étude est de comparer la fonction endothéliale cornéenne à un marqueur d'atteinte vasculaire clinique utilisé en pratique qui est l'IPS. Matériels et Méthodes Étude cas-témoins avec : un groupe de diabétiques de type 1 ayant une durée d'évolutivité du diabète supérieure à 5 ans, et un groupe contrôle. le choix de diabétiques de type 1 était posé afin d'éviter les autres éléments de risque cardio-vasculaire communément présents chez les diabétiques de type 2 (obésité, dyslipidémie, HTA…) et ceci pour valider initialement ce marqueur dans le contexte d'hyperglycémie chronique. On a recruté 13 patients diabétiques de type 1 avec 20 sujets contrôles randomisés pour l'âge et le sexe. l'examen au microscopie spéculaire a été réalisé chez tous les patients. la densité cellulaire (cells/m2 ) et l'épaisseur cornéale (CT) ainsi que le pléomorphisme cellulaire, ont été mesurées chez tous les sujets. la mesure de l'IPS a été également réalisée chez les deux groupes. Résultats une différence significative ( P = 0,01) a été présente entre les 2 groupe concernant les différents paramètres. la densité cellulaire endothéliale est significativement inférieure chez les patients diabétiques de type 1. l'épaiseeur cornéenne était supérieure chez les diabétiques témoignant de la dysfonction endothéliale. l'examen au microscopie spéculaire était anormal chez 9 patients ayant eu une mesure de l'IPS normale. Conclusions Nous suggérons à travers cette étude l'intérêt de la cellule endothéliale cornéenne dans l'exploration de l'atteinte vasculaire globale chez le diabétique. la dysfonction endothéliale cornéenne chez des diabétiques de type 1 témoigne de l'effet de l'hyperglycémie chronique sur l'ensemble des cellules endothéliales. l'accessibilité de son exploration rend compte de la possibilité de constituer un score compsite des différents paramètres mesurés par microscopie sméculaire. Néanmoins, cette hypthèse nécessite une étude de cohorte avec mesure des différents marquerus d'atteinte vasculaire afin de valider l'apport de ce score dans la panoplie d'exploration clinique.
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/bismuth vanadate BiVO4 composites are fabricated with varied rGO amounts (0, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) through the synergetic effects of ultrasonication, photoinduced reduction, ...and hydrothermal methods, and the materials are tested as tools for sonophotocatalytic methylene blue (MB) dye degradation. The effect of rGO content on the sonophotocatalytic dye degradation capabilities of the composites are explored. Characterization of the proposed materials is done through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy. The coexistence of BiVO4 and rGO is confirmed using Raman spectroscopy and XRD. TEM confirms the existence of interfaces between rGO and BiVO4 and XPS affirms the existence of varied elemental oxidation states. In order to investigate the charge carriers transportation, time‐dependent photocurrent responses of BiVO4 and 2 wt%‐ rGO/BiVO4 are done under visible light irradiation. The sonophotocatalytic MB dye degradation in an aqueous medium displays promising enhancement with rGO doping in rGO/BiVO4 composite. The 2 wt%‐ rGO/BiVO4 sample exhibits ≈52% MB dye degradation efficiency as compared to pure BiVO4 (≈25%) in 180 min of the sonophotocatalysis experiment. Phytotoxicity analysis through germination index is done using vigna radiata seeds.
rGO/BiVO4 composites are found to be effective catalysts under sono‐photocatalysis. Photocurrent measurements confirm that thanks to the fabrication of this composite, rGO exibits enhanced photosensitivity. The composite shows promise as a water purification material.
In recent years, substantial changes have occurred in the morphology of the River Tigris within Baghdad City. Although huge volumes of sediment are being trapped in recently constructed headwater ...reservoirs, the number of islands in the Tigris at Baghdad is increasing. The debris of bridges destroyed in the wars of 1991 and 2003 and their subsequent reconstruction have enhanced the development of these islands. As a consequence the ability of the river to carry the peaks of flood waters has been reduced. This has led to potential increase of flooding in parts of the city. The bed of the River Tigris has been surveyed on three occasions (1976, 1991, and 2008). The most recent survey was conducted by the Ministry of Water Resources, extended 49 km from the Al-Muthana Bridge north Baghdad to the confluence with the Diyala River south Baghdad. It yielded cross-section profiles at 250 m intervals. The data are used to predict the maximum flood capacity for the river using the one-dimensional hydraulic model for steady flow "HEC-RAS" modeling. Calibration of the model was carried out using field measurements for water levels along the last 15 km of the reach and the last 10 yr of observation at the Sarai Baghdad gauging station. The model showed a significant predicted reduction in the current river capacity below that which the river had carried during the floods of 1971 and 1988. The three surveys conducted on the same reach of the Tigris indicated that the ability of the river to transport water has decreased.
The pyrethroid toxicants, fatal at high doses, are found as remnants of crop pesticides and ingredients of commercially available insecticides. The toxic effects of high-content insecticidal ...pyrethroid formulations are available in 0.05 g, 1.17 g, and 0.04 g pyrethroid-instilled products, namely burning coils, pyrethroid-soaked mats, and liquid formulations of pyrethroids that release pyrethroid vapor/smoke upon heating. They provided 5.46 g/kg, 21.15 g/kg, and 4.24 g/kg of toxicants to the experimental animals over a total of 3 weeks/5 h per os (p.o.) administration, producing necrosis, hyperemia, and fatty changes in the liver; fiber separation in cardiac muscles; atrophy, lymphatic infiltration, blood vessel congestion, and hyperemia in the heart tissues of the experimental animals. The glomerular tuft necrosis, cytoplasmic degeneration of renal tubular cells, necrotic tubules, congestion, and dilatation of blood vessels were observed in the kidney tissue of intoxicated animals. Air-space enlargement, interstitial inflammation, lymphocyte infiltration aggregates, connective tissue infiltration by inflammatory cells, and hyperemia were found in the lung tissues. The pyrethroid toxicants also produced nervous tissue degeneration and decreased neurons in the brain, which were observed through histopathological examinations of the brain, lungs, heart, kidneys, and liver. The protective effects of ascorbic acid (AA/vitamin C) and α-tocopherol (E307/vitamin E) at 100 mg/kg oral doses administered daily for the entire period of the toxicant exposure of three weeks to the experimental mice, aged between 3-4 months and weighing ≈30 g, ameliorated the tissue damage, as observed through the histopathological examinations. The ascorbic acid caused recovery of the liver, kidney, brain, and heart tissue damage, while α-tocopherol was effective at ameliorating the damage in the kidneys and lung tissue compared with the control groups. The high levels of tissue damage recovery suggested a prophylactic effect of the concurrent use of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol for the subjects under the exposure of pyrethroids.
The Iraqi territory is located in the northeastern part of the Arabian Plate covering the collision zone with the Eurasian (Iranian) Plate in the northeast. This collision, which is still active with ...convergent tectonics, has caused deformation in the rocks of the Zagros Mountains with different intensities. The deformation intensity decreases southwestwards with exerted stresses from the collision in the NE–SW direction. Depending on the deformation intensity and other tectonic factors, the Iraqi territory is divided into three main tectonic units, these are from NE to SW: (1) Shalair Terrane, (2) Outer Platform, and (3) Inner Platform. Accordingly, the Inner Platform is less deformed as compared to other tectonic zones. Neotectonic evidence has been documented across all tectonic zones of Iraq; even within the Inner Platform which was assumed to be a tectonically stable zone. This study presents different Neotectonic evidence and their role in updating the tectonic framework of Iraq, confirming that the so-called Stable Shelf or Inner Platform units, which are considered tectonically to be undeformed are deformed by Neotectonic activity.
Iraq is located in the extreme northeastern part of the Arabian Plate, which is in collision with the Iranian (Eurasian) Plate. The collision, which is still ongoing has created tens of folds some of ...which exhibit different types of faults. The exerted compressional forces are believed to be decreasing southwestwards as being far from the collision area (Suture Zone). Accordingly, all the existing tectonic and geological maps compiled by different authors and all the existing published articles, reports and books have considered two main tectonic domains in Iraq. The Stable Shelf and Unstable Shelf or Inner Platform and Outer Platform. The contact between these two main divisions follows almost the Euphrates River; towards the west of the river is the tectonically Stable area and towards the east and north is the tectonically Unstable area, which means the presence of different structural forms. In the current study, we have recognized tens of different Neotectonic evidence in the Stable part indicating that the area is tectonically not stable. Among those indications are abandoned valleys, development of sinkholes along certain lineaments, bending of valleys in right angles, and development of nick-points in valleys along certain lineaments.
Improving prediction of treatment outcomes in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) genotype 4 (G4) is necessary to increase sustained viral response (SVR) rates. Vitamin D related and interferon stimulated ...genes are good candidates as they are recently crosstalk altering interferon response. Thus single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within some of these genes and multiple stepwise regression analysis including other independent predictors (IL28B(rs12979860), serum 25OH-vitamin D, serum alfa-fetoprotein (AFP)) were performed on a cohort of 200 Egyptian CHC patients treated with Pegylated interferon-alpha (Peg-IFN) plus ribavirin.
SNPs in cytochrome P-450 (CYP2R1)(rs10741657AG), vitamin D receptor (VDR)(rs2228570AG, rs1544410CT), oligoadenylate synthetases-like (OASL)(rs1169279CT) and adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR)(rs1127309TC) genes were analyzed by real-time PCR.
The carrier state of A allele in VDR rs2228570 and CYP2R1 rs10741657 genes were independently associated with SVR OR 6.453 & 3.536, p < 0.01 respectively. Combining carriers of A allele in CYP2R1 and VDR genes with IL28B C/C genotype increased the probability of SVR from 80 % to reach 87.8 %, 93 % and 100 %. No relation was found between VDR rs1544410CT, ADAR rs1127309TC, OASL rs1169279CT polymorphisms and treatment outcome. Combining VDR rs2228570 A/A genotype with IL28B C/C genotype increased the probability of SVR from 82 % to reach 100 % and from 29 % to reach 80 % in C/T+ T/T IL28B genotype in none F4 liver disease patients.
Vitamin D related (VDR rs2228570 and CYP2R1 rs10741657) and IL28B rs12979860 genes polymorphisms accurately assure SVR in naïve CHC G4 patients treated with low cost standard therapy.
The Mesopotamian Plain is part of the Mesopotamia which extends for vast area bigger than the plain. The plain is almost flat and vast lowland, which has clearly defined physiographic boundaries with ...the other surrounding physiographic provinces. The plain is a huge accumulation geomorphologic unit, where the fluvial, lacustrine, and the Aeolian landforms prevail; the fluvial units being the abundant among others. However, estuarine and marine forms also are developed, but restricted to the extreme southeastern reaches of the plain. The Mesopotamian Plain is covered totally by Quaternary sediments among which the fluvial origin is the most prevailing and more specifically the flood plain sediments. The flood plain sediments are the Holocene in age, whereas the Pleistocene sediments are restricted to alluvial fan sediments and river terraces. The flood plain sediments cover majority of the Mesopotamian Plain, whereas the alluvial sediments are restricted to the northern–eastern, western and southern peripheral parts only. Different geomorphological features indicate the Neotectonic activity in the plain, such as migrations of rivers due to growing of subsurface anticlines. The extreme southeastern part is covered by the tidal flat and sabkha sediments. Marshes and shallow depressions are also covered by the Holocene sediments which are contaminated by the Aeolian sediments. Mesopotamian Plain is a part of the Mesopotamian Foredeep which is a part of the Zagros Foreland Basin including the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt. It is large continuously subsiding basin since the Upper Miocene (11.62 Ma). The plain shows no structural features on the surface, except the main fault escarpment representing the part of Abu Jir Active Fault Zone. However, the rolling topography, in the northern parts of the plain indicates subsurface anticlines that are still growing up, such as Balad, Samarra, Tikrit and Baiji anticlines indicating the Neotectonic activity. Moreover, many buried subsurface anticlines are present in different parts of the plain. All of them are growing anticlines and have caused continuous shift to Tigris and Euphrates rivers and their distributaries indicating the Neotectonic activities. The minimum and maximum subsidence amounts in the plain since the Upper Miocene are zero and –2500 m, respectively.
Iraq is located in the northeastern part of the Arabian Plate, which is colliding with the Iranian Plate. The collision between the two plates has developed the tectonic framework of the Iraqi ...territory. Accordingly, two major tectonic divisions are developed: Inner Platform (Stable Shelf) and Outer Platform (Unstable Shelf). The former (Inner platform) is almost stable forming flat terrain with tens of the Neotectonic indications. Whereas, the latter (Outer Platform) is deformed mountainous area with anticlines and major thrust faults. The contact between these two major tectonic divisions run almost along the Euphrates River. In Western Iraq, an outstanding tectonic feature exists, the Anah anticline running almost E–W direction. On both northern and southern sides of the anticline, flat and undulatory plains occur without any tectonic features. Anah anticline shows clear geomorphological and structural forms, which indicate its lateral growth, especially eastwards. Among those indications are water gaps, wind gaps, curved valleys, inclined valleys, and wale-back shape. Although the Euphrates River dissects the anticline in its eastern part; however, most probably the river runs along the crossing area between two main tectonic zones indicating that the anticline is still growing laterally eastwards, and even effecting on the contact of the Inner Platform and Outer Planform.
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