The vascular risk attributable to HIV infection is rising. The heterogeneity of the samples studied is an obstacle to understanding whether HIV is a vascular risk across geographic regions.
To test ...the hypothesis that HIV infection is a vascular risk factor, and that the risk conferred by HIV varies by geographical region.
A systematic search of publications was carried out in seven electronic databases: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from inception to July 2015.
We included longitudinal studies of HIV+ individuals and their risk of vascular outcomes of ≥ 50 HIV+ cases and excluded studies on biomarkers of vascular disease as well as clinical trials.
Data was extracted by one of the authors and independently confirmed by the other two authors. We used incidence rate (IR), incidence risk ratio (IRR) and hazard ratio (HR) with their 95% confidence intervals as measures of risk.
All-death, myocardial infarction (MI), coronary heart disease (CHD), any stroke, ischemic stroke (IS) or intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).
We screened 11,482 references for eligibility, and selected 117 for analysis. Forty-four cohorts represented 334,417 HIV+ individuals, 49% from the United States. Compared with their European counterparts, HIV+ individuals in the United States had higher IR of death (IRR 1.78, 1.69-1.88), MI (IRR 1.61, 1.29-2.01), CHD (IRR 2.27, 1.92-2.68), any stroke (IRR 1.94, 1.59-2.38), IS (IRR 1.56, 1.23-1.98), and ICH (IRR 4.03, 2.72-6.14). Compared with HIV- controls and independent of geographical region, HIV was a risk for death (HR 4.77, 4.55-5.00), MI (HR 1.60, 1.49-1.72), any CHD (HR 1.20, 1.15-1.25), any stroke (HR 1.82, 1.53-2.16), IS (HR 1.27, 1.15-1.39) and ICH (HR 2.20, 1.61-3.02). Use of antiretroviral therapy was a consistent risk for cardiac outcomes, while immunosuppression and unsuppressed viral load were consistent risks for cerebral outcomes.
HIV should be considered a vascular risk, with varying magnitudes across geographical and anatomical regions. We think that strategies to reduce the HIV-related vascular burden are urgent, and should incorporate the disparities noted here.
The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture can lead to water contamination and cause adverse effects on non-target organisms. Brazil has been the world's top pesticide market consumer since ...2008, with 381 approved pesticides for crop use. This study provides a comprehensive literature review on the occurrence of pesticide residues in Brazilian freshwaters. We searched for information in official agency records and peer-reviewed scientific literature. Risk quotients were calculated to assess the potential risk posed to aquatic life by the individual pesticides based on their levels of water contamination. Studies about the occurrence of pesticides in freshwaters in Brazil are scarce and concentrated in few sampling sites in 5 of the 27 states. Herbicides (21) accounted for the majority of the substances investigated, followed by fungicides (11), insecticides (10) and plant growth regulators (1). Insecticides are the class of major concern. Brazil would benefit from the implementation of a nationwide pesticide freshwater monitoring program to support preventive, remediation and enforcement actions.
A computational system able to automatically and efficiently detect and classify falls would be beneficial for monitoring the elderly population and speed up the assistance proceedings, reducing the ...risk of prolonged injuries and death. One of the most common problems in such systems is the high number of false-positives in their recognition scheme, which may cause an overload on surveillance system calls. We address this problem by proposing different topologies of a multimodal convolution neural network, which is trained to detect falls based on RGB images and information from accelerometers. We train and evaluate our networks with the UR Fall Detection dataset and UP-Fall dataset, and provide an extensive comparison with state-of-the-art models. Our model reached good results on UR Fall Detection dataset and achieved the state-of-art on UP-Fall detection dataset, relying on easily available sensors to do so, demonstrating it can be a scalable solution for robust fall detection in the real world.
•We achieved the state-of-art in UP-Fall dataset.•Deep learning approach to detect falls with cheap equipment.•Fall detection systems are cheaper compared to the daily surveillance of a person.•Multimodality with deep learning for fall detection reduce false positives events.
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•Amazonian inorganic phosphates from different geological origins were investigated.•Spectral FTIR information about phosphates are listed in a database.•Differentiation of phosphate ...genesis according to spectral patterns.•Practicality in the interpretation of analytical data in the phosphate industry.
The characterization of phosphates is generally hampered by the variability of their sources, the complexity of the mineralogical assemblies and/or the thermochemical transformations undergone. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can characterize and differentiate phosphates in a practical and efficient way. In this sense, in order to differentiate phosphates from different Amazonian deposits and establish a spectral database, initially small because it is starting, six samples of phosphate rocks were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy in the near-IR and middle-IR regions using the transmittance, attenuated reflectance, and diffuse reflectance methods. X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy were also used as complementary analyses. The IR results revealed that the transmittance and diffuse reflectance methods are the most suitable for the analysis of phosphate materials, and they should be used together whenever possible. The identification of the PO4 bands, as well as of the (CO3)2-, Al2OH, and NH4 bands, allowed the differentiation of the phosphate materials according to their geological source and the establishment of a database of the studied materials by both the transmittance and diffuse reflectance methods.
Degradation kinetics of epoxidized soybean oil Barreto, J. V. M.; Albuquerque, A. K. C.; Ries, Andreas ...
Journal of applied polymer science,
September 5, 2023, Letnik:
140, Številka:
33
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This work deals with the degradation kinetics of epoxidized soybean oil, whereas the weight loss of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) cured with methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA) as hardener and ...2,4,6‐tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (DEH 35) as catalyst displayed two main regions in the thermogravimetry (TG) plots. Nevertheless, deconvolution of the weight loss plots presented three or more events depending on the composition and experimental parameters. Increase the MTHPA addition led to a decrease in the activation energy (AE) for curing which conducted to an increased AE during the degradation. Friedman's isoconversional model exhibits proper R2 for the curing kinetics, but lower R2 values for lower anhydride contents during the degradation kinetics analyses. Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS) and Ozawa‐Flynn‐Wall (OFW) models displayed the best R2 during the kinetics evaluation, whereas the degradation mechanisms fitted reasonably with Avrami‐Erofeev (An) and nth‐order autocatalytic (Cn) during the first and second weight loss regions. Microstructural analyzes and in‐depth investigations into the thermal degradation mechanism of ESO suggest two possible pathways, that is, production of carbonic groups through heterolytic scission, and formation of electrically stable groups with saturated carbon bonds.
Reaction mechanism for epoxy‐anhydride polymerization initiated by DEH35, including the termination step.
There's limited evidence of the potential benefits of cardiopulmonary and metabolic rehabilitation (CPMR) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or mildly reduced ...ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of CPMR on the myocardial ischemia response (MIR), exercise-induced arrhythmias (EIA), New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, heart rate recovery (HRR), Borg CR10 perceived symptoms, and the SF-36 physical and mental health summary scores. A prospective cohort study was conducted with 106 patients undergoing 12 weeks of CPMR who completed two exercise tests pre- and post-CPMR: 1) maximum incremental test (CPX) and 2) submaximal constant load test (SUB). After CPMR, the effects on MIR, EIA, NYHA functional class, and HRR during both tests were analyzed. There was a significant change in NYHA functional classes after CPMR, with 96% of the patients in class I (vs 62% pre-CPMR, P<0.0001), 4% in class II (vs 32%), and none in class III (vs 6%). There was a significant reduction in the frequency of EIA (P<0.05) and MIR (P<0.001) and a significantly improved performance on both CPX and SUB tests (P<0.0001). Lastly, there was significant progress in the recovery metrics like HRR (P<0.0001), the Borg CR10 (P<0.0001), and the SF-36 summary scores (P<0.0001). The CPMR resulted in a significant decrease in EIA, delayed ischemia threshold in CPX and SUB tests, increased functional capacity, and improved quality of life.
We present a comprehensive computational study of the phase diagram of the frustrated S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the honeycomb lattice, with second-nearest (J2) and third-neighbor (J3) ...couplings. Using a combination of exact diagonalizations of the original spin model, of the Hamiltonian projected into the nearest neighbor short range valence bond basis, and of an effective quantum dimer model, as well as a self-consistent cluster mean-field theory, we determine the boundaries of several magnetically ordered phases in the region J2,J3\in 0,1, and find a sizable magnetically disordered region in between. We characterize part of this magnetically disordered phase as a plaquette valence bond crystal phase. At larger J2, we locate a sizable region in which staggered valence bond crystal correlations are found to be important, either due to genuine valence bond crystal ordering or as a consequence of magnetically ordered phases which break lattice rotational symmetry. Furthermore we find that a particular parameter-free Gutzwiller projected tight-binding wave function has remarkably accurate energies compared to finite-size extrapolated ED energies along the transition line from conventional Néel to plaquette VBC phases, a fact that points to possibly interesting critical behavior - such as a deconfined critical point - across this transition. We also comment on the relevance of this spin model to model the spin liquid region found in the half-filled Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice.
Great efforts have been made over the years to assess the effectiveness of air pollution controls in place in the metropolitan area of São Paulo (MASP), Brazil. In this work, the community multiscale ...air quality (CMAQ) model was used to evaluate the efficacy of emission control strategies in MASP, considering the spatial and temporal variability of fine particle concentration. Seven different emission scenarios were modeled to assess the relationship between the emission of precursors and ambient aerosol concentration, including a baseline emission inventory, and six sensitivity scenarios with emission reductions in relation to the baseline inventory: a 50% reduction in SO
2
emissions; no SO
2
emissions; a 50% reduction in SO
2
, NO
x
, and NH
3
emissions; no sulfate (PSO
4
) particle emissions; no PSO
4
and nitrate (PNO
3
) particle emissions; and no PNO
3
emissions. Results show that ambient PM
2.5
behavior is not linearly dependent on the emission of precursors. Variation levels in PM
2.5
concentrations did not correspond to the reduction ratios applied to precursor emissions, mainly due to the contribution of organic and elemental carbon, and other secondary organic aerosol species. Reductions in SO
2
emissions are less likely to be effective at reducing PM
2.5
concentrations at the expected rate in many locations of the MASP. The largest reduction in ambient PM
2.5
was obtained with the scenario that considered a reduction in 50% of SO
2
, NO
x
, and NH
3
emissions (1 to 2 μg/m
3
on average). It highlights the importance of considering the role of secondary organic aerosols and black carbon in the design of effective policies for ambient PM
2.5
concentration control.
Probiotic supplementation arises as playing an immune-stimulatory role. High-intensity and -volume exercise can inhibit immune cell function, which threatens athletic performance and recovery. We ...hypothesized that 30 days of probiotic supplementation could stabilize the immune system of athletes preventing immune suppression after a marathon race. Twenty-seven male marathonists were double-blinded randomly into probiotic (Bifidobacterium-animalis-subsp.-Lactis (10 × 10
) and Lactobacillus-Acidophilus (10 × 10
) + 5 g of maltodextrin) and placebo (5 g of maltodextrin) group. They received 30 sachets and supplemented 1 portion/day during 30 days before the race. Blood were collected 30 days before (rest), 1 day before (pre), 1 h after (post) and 5 days after the race (recovery). Both chronic and acute exercise modulated a different T lymphocyte population (CD3
CD4
CD8
T-cells), increasing pre-race, decreasing post and returning to rest values at the recovery. The total number of CD8 T cell and the memory subsets statistically decreased only in the placebo group post-race. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production by stimulated lymphocytes decreased in the probiotic group after the supplementation period. 30 days of probiotic supplementation maintained CD8 T cell and effector memory cell population and played an immunomodulatory role in stimulated lymphocytes. Both, training and marathon modulated a non-classical lymphocyte population regardless of probiotic supplementation.
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