THE HOUSING MARKET Aldridge, Stephen
National Institute economic review,
08/2018, Letnik:
245, Številka:
245
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article summarises the long-run decline in housing affordability in England and suggests this is substantially attributable to shortfalls in housing supply. Public attitudes to housing have ...become increasingly pro-development in recent years and the current policy framework–summarised in the article–seeks to provide a comprehensive and rounded response to the challenges facing the housing market.
Available open access under CC-BY-NC license. The Centre for Homelessness Impact brings together this urgent book gathering the insights of leaders in government, academia and the third sector to ...present new evidence-based strategies to end homelessness. Contributors advocate for a new movement that embraces data and evidence to end homelessness effectively, providing crucial methods to underpin future policy, practice and funding decisions.
Abstract Purpose This study used serial MRI to assess the absorption of a poly l -lactide Bioabsorbable interference screw used in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a 4-strand ...hamstring technique. Methods A consecutive series of ten patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction a 4-strand hamstring technique were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at 1, 2, 4, 7 and 10 years postoperatively. Results No resorption had occurred after 4 years in any of the patients. By 7 years screw absorption was complete in seven patients and had progressed in three. New cyst formation occurred in 3 patients between 5 and 7 years. Half the patients displayed small fluid collections within the tibial tunnels. At 10 years all screws were fully absorbed; however cyst formation was common, including the development of a new cyst in the period between 7 and 10 years in one patient. None of the patients had instability, persistent effusions, or clinically detectable adverse reactions to the screws. Conclusions This study has shown that poly l -lactide bioabsorbable screws take longer to resorb than initial in vitro data suggested. It is unclear whether ganglion formation within the tibial tunnel is related to screw resorption or the hamstring graft. The theoretical advantages of bioabsorbable screws must be weighed against these findings.
Four new helical oligoproline assemblies containing 16, 17, 18, and 19 proline residues and ordered arrays of a RuII−bipyridyl chromophore and a phenothiazine electron-transfer donor have been ...synthesized in a modular fashion by solid-phase peptide synthesis. These arrays are illustrated and abbreviated as CH3CO-Pro6-Pra(PTZ)-Pro n -Pra(RuIIb2m)2+-Pro6-NH2, where PTZ is 3-(10H-phenothiazine-10)propanoyl and (RuIIb‘2m)2+ is bis(4,4‘-diethylamide-2,2‘-bipyridine)(4-methyl,4‘-carboxylate,2,2‘-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) dication with n = 2 (2), 3 (3), 4 (4), and 5 (5). They contain PTZ as an electron-transfer donor and (RuIIb‘2m)2+ as a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) light absorber and are separated by proline-to-proline through-space distances ranging from 0 (n = 2) to 12.9 Å (n = 5) relative to the n = 2 case. They exist in the proline-II helix form in water, as shown by circular dichroism measurements. Following laser flash RuII → b‘2m MLCT excitation at 460 nm in water, excited-state PTZ → Ru2+* quenching (k 2) occurs by reductive electron transfer, followed by Ru+ → PTZ+ back electron transfer (k 3), as shown by transient absorption and emission measurements in water at 25 °C. Quenching with ΔG° = −0.1 eV is an activated process, while back electron transfer occurs in the inverted region, ΔG° = −1.8 eV, and is activationless, as shown by temperature dependence measurements. Coincidentally, both reactions have comparable distance dependences, with k 2 varying from = 1.9 × 109 (n = 2) to 2.2 × 106 s-1 (n = 4) and k 3 from ∼2.0 × 109 (n = 2) to 2.2 × 106 s-1 (n = 4). For both series there is a rate constant enhancement of ∼10 for n = 5 compared to n = 4 and a linear decrease in ln k with the through-space separation distance, pointing to a significant and probably dominant through-space component to intrahelical electron transfer.
Fractures of the scapula Aldridge, Stephen; Gray, Matthew
Orthopaedics and trauma,
October 2019, 2019-10-00, Letnik:
33, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Scapular fractures are relatively uncommon fractures, which often are a result of high-energy trauma. The majority of fractures of the scapula can be successfully treated without operation and ...require a short period of immobilization before physiotherapy to regain function. The indications for surgery are based on the general principles of trauma surgery; to reduce significant intra-articular fractures and restore the necessary alignment of extra-articular fractures. There is an absence of compelling studies that define the threshold for surgical intervention, making the treatment of these fractures difficult. This is further complicated by the complexity of the structures which interact with the scapula to allow the shoulder girdle to function. In this article, the anatomy and fracture patterns which affect the scapula and treatment options, will be discussed.
Abstract Peroneal tendon pathology is rare, but is probably underestimated because it is frequently undiagnosed. It should always be in the differential diagnosis of lateral ankle pain. Surgical ...treatment of peroneal tendinopathy is indicated after failure of conservative measures. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the medium-term clinical results of 17 patients operated for peroneal tendinopathy without tendon subluxation. A series of 17 patients composed of 7 women and 10 men with a mean age of 53.6 ± 4.6 (range 45 to 60) years were reviewed. The mean preoperative Kitaoka score was 46.7 ± 17.1 (range 25 to 69) points. All patients had radiological evaluation, which demonstrated hindfoot varus in 6 of the 17. Surgical interventions comprised synovectomy, debridement, suture-tubularization, fibrous resection, or tenodesis depending on the preoperative findings and also a valgus osteotomy (Dwyer) in 6 cases and ankle ligament reconstruction (modified Blanchet) in 1 case. All patients were reviewed clinically with a mean follow-up of 4.3 ± 3.8 years (range 16 months to 14 years). Average time to return to sport was 8.5 ± 10.4 months (range 3 months to 3 years). The mean time to return to work was 2.5 ± 1.9 (range 0 to 6) months. The mean postoperative Kitaoka score was 90.1 ± 11 (range 64 to 100) points with a statistically significant improvement to the preoperative score ( p < .0001). Sixteen patients were satisfied or very satisfied with their treatment (94.1%). Surgical treatment of peroneal tendinopathy after failed conservative treatment leads to significantly improved function. It is a simple treatment to undertake, which gives a good outcome for both the patient and surgeon.
Michael John Aldridge Aldridge, Stephen
BMJ (Online),
02/2017, Letnik:
356
Journal Article
Recenzirano
During the nearly 30 years he was in post, he attended six summer Olympic Games, one winter Olympic Games, and numerous Commonwealth Games as a doctor for gymnastics or as a headquarters British ...Olympic team doctor.
With more than 120 different "special tests" of the shoulder described,1 it is easy to see how its assessment can seem an enigma for non-specialists. Shoulder pain is common, and most cases will be ...managed in the community.2 Its prevalence in Dutch primary care is around 11 per 1000 patients seen each year,3 and as many as two in three people may experience it at some point in their life.4Most diagnoses can be made from the patient's history and examination considering relevant risk factors such as age, occupation, previous trauma, and relevant comorbidities. Here, we simplify the process of shoulder assessment to empower non-specialists evaluating a patient presenting with shoulder pain for the first time and provide an update on common shoulder pathologies. References
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