A printed monopole antenna for millimeter-wave applications in the 5G frequency region is described in this research. As a result, the proposed antenna resonates in three frequency bands that are ...designated for 5G communication systems, including 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 60 GHz (V band). For the sake of compactness, the coplanar waveguide (CPW) method is used. The overall size of the proposed tri-band antenna is 4 mm × 3 mm × 0.25 mm. Using a watch strap and human tissue, such as skin, the proposed antenna gives steady results. At 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 60 GHz, the antenna’s gain is found to be 5.29 dB, 7.47 dB, and 9 dB, respectively. The overall simulated radiation efficiency is found to be 85% over the watch strap. Wearable devices are a great fit for the proposed tri-band antenna. The antenna prototype was built and tested in order to verify its performance. It can be observed that the simulated and measured results are in close contact. According to our comparative research, the proposed antenna is a good choice for smart 5G devices because of its small size and simple structure, as well as its high gain and radiation efficiency.
A self-decoupled technique is described that enables the radiating elements in the antenna array to be densely packed for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications systems. High ...isolation between the adjacent antenna elements is obtained by fixing the radiating elements in an orthogonal configuration with respects to each other. Current from the adjacent ports cancels their impact which results in low mutual coupling. The additional benefit of this configuration is realizing a densely packed array. The ground plane of each radiating element on the array board itself are isolated to mitigate surface wave propagations to suppress mutual coupling between the antenna elements. The radiating elements are based on a modified edge-fed circular patch antenna that includes a curved slot line and open-circuited stub to widen the array’s impedance bandwidth with no impact on the antenna’s footprint size. The proposed technique was verified with the design of an antenna array of matrix size 4 × 4 centered at 3.5 GHz. The array had a measured impedance bandwidth of 4 GHz from 1.5 GHz to 5.5 GHz, which corresponds to a fractional bandwidth of 114%, peak gain of 3 dBi and radiation efficiency of 84%. Its average diversity gain and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) over its operating band are 9.6 dB and <0.016, respectively. The minimum isolation achieved between the radiating elements is better than 15 dB. The dimensions of the array are 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.039λ_g^3. The proposed array has characteristics suitable for sub-6 GHz wireless communication systems
Over the past decade, engineers and scientists dedicated a significant amount of effort and time to enhance an indoor system embedded with the state-of-the-art automation. Through innovative ...implementation of sensors, IoT and machine learning algorithm, the designing of indoor lighting control systems evolved over the period. Our research is based upon the development of a highly intelligent lighting system that will be cost effective and at the same time easily accessed in a remote mode. Devices like Ultra-wide band sensors and Lux sensors were collected and utilized in the designing of the system to retrieve information about the user’s location and existing brightness in the room, respectively. These data were then preprocessed, scaled and transmitted to various machine learning algorithms to predict suitable lighting condition. The application of our proposed lighting system will always keep the brightness range to a recommended level of 200-400 Lux which is extremely compatible for its use in homes, offices, schools and high rage apartments. In addition, the remote access facility allows users to operate the system anywhere in the world providing user experience beyond imagination. Lastly, as the system comprises of low-cost components that are also easily replaceable and only provide lighting when needed, it can provide savings in terms of cost and power.
It has been observed that an alarming rate of road accidents occur in different countries every year with the increase of bikes and motorcycles. Some countries are one of the densely populated in the ...world where roads are narrower in comparison to the roads and streets. Although enough rules and regulations are made by the government to avoid road accidents, but the accident rate is increasing day by day. Reasons such as avoiding helmet by the bike rider during their ride as well as riding being drunk are worth mentionable. Motorcycle rider involve them in serious road accidents causing fatality while not wearing helmet and riding motorcycles being drunk. Wearing helmet can however reduce the risk of accidents largely. In this paper a very effective and technological way of Smart Helmet using Internet of Things (IoT) has been introduced by which one can avoid such problems. Arduino NANO and Arduino Mega-2560 are microcontrollers which control the entire components of the system. Two 2.4 GHZ nRF24L01 acts like sender and receiver for communication. One MQ-3 gas sensor is used which can detect whether the bike rider is alcoholic or not. If the bike rider is alcoholic, then the MQ-3 sensor detects it and the whole system goes off. A Sharp IR sensor detects the head of the motorcyclist within the range of 10-80 cm. The Bike rider's engine will start only when the rider will buckle the helmet. GPS & GSM Technology is used for tracking the location of the bike rider and sending text message to the family members of the Bike rider when an accident occurs. Our Smart Helmet is used for Accident Detection and Bike Rider's Safety.
RFID based Security and Home Automation System using FPGA Alim, Mohammad Ehsanul; Alam, Nazmus Sakib Bin; Ahmad, Sarosh
2020 IEEE 7th International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Applied Sciences (ICETAS),
2020-Dec.-18
Conference Proceeding
Security is the basic need of hour and home automation is useful for the ease of people. There are many security systems which are being used in industry, but these are too expensive and difficult to ...use. There is another issue in the industry due the sequential processing of microcontrollers, which delays the work and consume more energy. In this paper we are focusing on a security system to reduce security threats by using advanced equipment such as FPGA programmed by VHDL language. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based security system can be utilized as a door lock in hotels, banks and everywhere etc. When a Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) tag is scanned by an its reader, the door lock will open if the tag information is already stored in the database of FPGA otherwise alarm will ring. Moreover, after opening the door lock, light or fan will automatically be turned on according to the need of that specific user. This project is a combination of two features i.e.; security and automation. Both features are basic needs in market. Our project can be commercialized in hotels, restaurants, schools, colleges, universities and many other places.
In this paper, a novel composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH TL) 3-unit cell is presented for finding excellent time-delay (TD) efficiency of Chipless RFID's True-Time-Delay Lines ...(TTDLs). RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a non-contact automatic identification technology that uses radio frequency (RF) signals to identify target items automatically and retrieve pertinent data without the need for human participation. However, as compared to barcodes, RFID tags are prohibitively expensive and complex to manufacture. Chipless RFID tags are RFID tags that do not contain silicon chips and are therefore less expensive and easier to manufacture. It combines radio broadcasting technology with radar technology. Radio broadcasting technology use radio waves to send and receive voice, pictures, numbers, and symbols, whereas radar technology employs the radio wave reflection theory. Chipless RFID lowers the cost of sensors such as gas, temperature, humidity, and pressure. In addition, Chipless RFID tags can be used as sensors which are also required for security purposes and future IoT applications.
The development of power sector and enhancement of power utility grids in Bangladesh has always been lethargic. Resources were also not adequate to meet the demand of a fast growing population. ...According to recent surveys, 48% of the people of Bangladesh have the facility of household electrical consumption. Interestingly the consumption varies according to the types of electrical appliances used and the income level of the families. Our main object is to analyze the power loss and the consumption of different household electrical appliances on the basis of income level in different regions of Dhaka city ranging from financially influential family to moderately mid income based families. Then creating different comparison charts of how the power consumption varies on the basis of different households and also providing future solutions of how to optimize it. In order to collect the data of the household power loss, we developed an energy monitoring Arduino based system using AC to AC power adapter to measure the energy consumption of household. Also detected the deviation from the rated power and try to find the power loss due to harmonics.
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