This paper introduces the use of hardware implementation of a real time neural network controller set for reactive power compensation (RPC) systems with synchronous motor. In this study, measurement ...of parameters required in systems such as current, phase differences, frequency and power are measured by means of a PIC 18F452 microcontroller with high accuracy and then controlled via artificial neural networks;. The performance test based on obtained data using a computer codes written in Visual Basic.Net are implemented. Different ANN controller structures are verified by simulating them on a computer. It is evaluated that the set developed can be easily adapted in real time applications.
In this paper, a synchronous motor controlled by a PID based on a PIC 18F452 microcontroller has been studied under three different working conditions using varying excitation currents. Due to the ...complexity of PID parameters such as integrative and derivative terms, their conversion to digital systems has proven difficult. Hence, the collection of errors in a specified time period has been multiplied be means of a sampling period rather than complex integral algorithms. The difference between the error rate and its previous value has been divided into a sampling period to obtain the derivative operation. Therefore, a PID controlled algorithm has been embedded into a microcontroller which is easily implemented without complex algorithms. In addition, the design of this study includes an LCD based visual interface, allowing users to instantly monitor the current, the voltage and the power factor of the synchronous motor.
Objective: This study examined bacterial resistance to antibiotics administered for prophylaxis in rectal swaps taken before biopsy in patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate ...biopsy (TRUS). Materials and Methods: This prospective study evaluated 251 patients who underwent TRUS in the clinic between January 2015 and December 2016. The patients were administered ciprofloxacin one day before the biopsy, the day of the biopsy, and five days after the biopsy. Urinalysis of patients was performed before biopsy and those with active infection were excluded from the study. Swap samples of patients were taken from the rectal mucosa before the biopsy. These samples were cultivated in blood agar and EMB growth medium. E. coli and Klebsiella reproductions were assessed. Antibiogram tests were studied in terms of resistance/sensitivity after identifying these bacterial subgroups. Results: In the comparison of resistance and sensitivity of microorganism-independent antibiotics, the highest resistance was detected in amoxicillin (70%). The resistance to ciprofloxacin was 41.8%. The highest sensitivity was detected for fosfomycin (97.6%) and ceftazidime (91.6%). Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positivity was detected based on the bacterial species (p=0.001). The study found that ESBL positivity did not affect prostatitis development (p=0.447). The study also found that prostatitis development was not based on ciprofloxacin sensitivity/resistance in the rectal swap (p=0.803). A total of 105 patients showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. Prostatitis development was observed in 5 (4.8%) of these patients. Prostatitis development was observed in 11 (4.3%) of 251 patients. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, antibiotic prophylaxis for rectal swab culture taken before TRUS does not affect prostatitis development after the biopsy. Although rectal swap guided goal-oriented prophylaxis does not reduce infective complications, it may be beneficial so as not to administer additional antibiotics to patients.
Background:
Single-step all-arthroscopic techniques have gained popularity recently in the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT). Concomitant subchondral bone defects led surgeons to ...add autologous bone grafting to the surgical procedures. Collagen scaffolds have been used widely for stabilization of the reconstruction and regeneration of the articular surface.
Purpose:
To compare single-step all-arthroscopic treatment of OLT consisting of debridement, microfracture, autologous bone grafting, and application of fibrin sealant in 2 patient groups: with versus without collagen scaffold.
Study Design:
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.
Methods:
Included were 94 patients who underwent single-step all-arthroscopic treatment for OLT. Autologous bone grafting was applied to 48 patients (BG group), while autologous bone grafting plus collagen scaffold was applied to 46 patients (BG+S group). A fibrin sealant was applied to both groups. Clinical outcomes were assessed with the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Radiological outcomes were evaluated with the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue score. The mean follow-up time was 69.3 ± 20.7 months.
Results:
Patients in both groups showed statistically significant improvement in pre- to postoperative AOFAS and VAS scores (P < .001 for all), with no difference between groups in AOFAS and VAS score improvement. Complete healing with or without hypertrophy was achieved in 42 patients in the BG group (87.5%) and 38 patients in the BG+S group (82.6%).
Conclusion:
The treatment of bone lesions in OLT may be the ultimate goal to obtain successful outcomes, in which case using a collagen scaffold besides grafting may not affect clinical and radiological outcomes.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of ureteral access sheath (UAS) use in patients undergoing retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) due to kidney stones on postoperative early ...kidney injury development using urine kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) measurements. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients using UAS (UAS group) and 30 not using UAS (non-UAS group), for whom RIRS was planned, and 30 healthy controls (control group) were included between January and June. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in the blood and KIM-1 and NGAL in the urine at the pre-operative and postoperative 24th hours and KIM-1 and NGAL at the postoperative 4th and 24th hours were studied. The same biomarkers were analyzed once in the control group. During follow-up, KIM-1 and NGAL were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method within 6 months. Results: There was no significant difference between the pre-operative KIM-1 and NGAL values and the postoperative 24-h KIM-1 and NGAL values in the UAS group (p>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference in the non-UAS group (p<0.05). The postoperative 24-h KIM-1 and NGAL values were significantly higher in the UAS group than in the non-UAS group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that more kidney injury developed in the non-UAS group UAS than in the UAS group, especially at the postoperative 24th hour. The use of UAS in RIRS is effective in preventing the development of potential kidney injury.
