The shockwave produced alongside the plasma during a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy event can be recorded as an acoustic pressure wave to obtain information related to the physical traits of ...the inspected sample. In the present work, a mid-level fusion approach is developed using simultaneously recorded laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and acoustic data to enhance the discrimination capabilities of different iron-based and calcium-based mineral phases, which exhibit nearly identical spectral features. To do so, the mid-level data fusion approach is applied concatenating the principal components analysis (PCA)-LIBS score values with the acoustic wave peak-to-peak amplitude and with the intraposition signal change, represented as the slope of the acoustic signal amplitude with respect to the laser shot. The discrimination hit rate of the mineral phases is obtained using linear discriminant analysis. Owing to the increasing interest for in situ applications of LIBS + acoustics information, samples are inspected in a remote experimental configuration and under two different atmospheric traits, Earth and Mars-like conditions, to validate the approach. Particularities conditioning the response of both strategies under each atmosphere are discussed to provide insight to better exploit the complex phenomena resulting in the collected signals. Results reported herein demonstrate for the first time that the characteristic sample input in the laser-produced acoustic wave can be used for the creation of a statistical descriptor to synergistically improve the capabilities of LIBS of differentiation of rocks.
Analytical chemistry has never yielded such a wealth of experimental data as it does today, and this exponential trend shows no sign of abating. We continually advance the capabilities of our ...instruments and conceive innovative concepts, all in a concerted effort to naturally push the boundaries of our understanding regarding intricate sample matrices. Spectroscopic imaging, in the broadest sense, is certainly the field where we observe this acceleration even more pronouncedly. Analytical chemistry swiftly grasped the significance of processing acquired data for comprehensive exploration through utilization of chemometrics or machine learning tools. One can assert today that chemometrics undeniably constitutes an integral facet in the advancement of an analytical approach. However, we are now faced with a new challenge, as the experimental data accumulated for certain analytical techniques are so vast and massive that exploring them with such tools has become unfeasible, and this is by no means a computational capacity issue. Analytical chemistry is far from being the sole field affected by this issue, and one could argue that others have grappled with it long before us, such as, for instance, social media, to name just one. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that such a domain, which may initially seem distant from our concerns, can offer novel tools capable of overcoming these barriers, even though we are not necessarily dealing with the same objects. More specifically, we delve into the clustering of over 10 million LIBS spectra acquired as part of an imaging experiment aimed at exploring a singular rock sample. This will serve to demonstrate that an open-source library developed by Meta (formerly known as Facebook) can enable us to conduct a comprehensive exploration of this sample, a feat deemed impossible with conventional data analysis approaches.
The typical rash of Still disease is an asymptomatic, salmon‐coloured, macular, or maculopapular eruption that appears along with the fever spikes and fades when the body temperature drops. Although ...not included in the diagnostic criteria, there are other frequent, persistent, pruritic and polymorphic skin manifestations of Still disease that have distinctive clinical features and specific histological findings. Among these atypical persistent pruritic eruptions (PPEs), periorbital erythema and linear flagellate papules and plaques can resemble the cutaneous manifestations of dermatomyositis (DM). The presence of these lesions in adult‐onset Still disease has been associated with worse prognosis and higher mortality rates, perhaps due to the development of a secondary macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). We report two cases of Still disease with persistent atypical DM‐like eruption, one in a paediatric patient (a very underreported finding) and the other in an adult. Both cases developed a secondary MAS.
We report two patients with Still disease with atypical persistent dermatomyositis‐like skin manifestations who developed macrophage activation syndrome.
The SuperCam instrument on the Perseverance Mars 2020 rover uses a pulsed 1064 nm laser to ablate targets at a distance and conduct laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) by analyzing the light ...from the resulting plasma. SuperCam LIBS spectra are preprocessed to remove ambient light, noise, and the continuum signal present in LIBS observations. Prior to quantification, spectra are masked to remove noisier spectrometer regions and spectra are normalized to minimize signal fluctuations and effects of target distance. In some cases, the spectra are also standardized or binned prior to quantification. To determine quantitative elemental compositions of diverse geologic materials at Jezero crater, Mars, we use a suite of 1198 laboratory spectra of 334 well-characterized reference samples. The samples were selected to span a wide range of compositions and include typical silicate rocks, pure minerals (e.g., silicates, sulfates, carbonates, oxides), more unusual compositions (e.g., Mn ore and sodalite), and replicates of the sintered SuperCam calibration targets (SCCTs) onboard the rover. For each major element (SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeOT, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O), the database was subdivided into five “folds” with similar distributions of the element of interest. One fold was held out as an independent test set, and the remaining four folds were used to optimize multivariate regression models relating the spectrum to the composition. We considered a variety of models, and selected several for further investigation for each element, based primarily on the root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) on the test set, when analyzed at 3 m. In cases with several models of comparable performance at 3 m, we incorporated the SCCT performance at different distances to choose the preferred model. Shortly after landing on Mars and collecting initial spectra of geologic targets, we selected one model per element. Subsequently, with additional data from geologic targets, some models were revised to ensure results that are more consistent with geochemical constraints. The calibration discussed here is a snapshot of an ongoing effort to deliver the most accurate chemical compositions with SuperCam LIBS.
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•We quantify the following oxides: SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeOT, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O.•Multivariate regression models were trained on a diverse suite of spectra.•Of the algorithms considered, ensemble methods performed well but had limitations.•We evaluated models based on laboratory and Mars results.•Work is ongoing to improve major element results and quantify additional elements.
There is a problem with collecting information in healthcare services as it is scattered among various sources. This leads to potential impact on patient care focus. To address this issue, a Business ...Intelligence platform was developed and implemented at the Centre for Surgical Treatment of Obesity at Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa. The platform developed enables knowledge extraction and aids healthcare professionals to easily access helpful information and perform better decisions, specifically in regards to the growing global concern of obesity and the increasing prevalence of bariatric surgery.
The objective of the present study was to quantify, geo-locate, model, and characterize domestic used cooking oil (dUCO) generation for the city of Guayaquil. For this reason, and as a prerequisite ...for the proper planning of municipal cooking oil waste management in the city, we carried out 14-day fieldwork involving 532 households from different parishes of Guayaquil, combined with a survey to acquire data on their demographic and socioeconomic statistics. The artisanal characterization was further executed to 40 subsamples of dUCO to determine the density, moisture, solids content, and the volatile-matter characteristics present. Additionally, the Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to map the used cooking oil generation hotspots for the city, adding the Geographical Position System (GPS) of each participating household during the data acquisition. Finally, a multiple-regression model was proposed to establish correlations between the dUCO generated and five independent variables, such as household size, socioeconomic group, tenure status, education level, and income. Results showed that the per capita daily dUCO-generation rate was found to be 4.30 g/day/c or 4.99 mL/day/c, with a density of 0.86 g/mL. Filterable solids represented 0.37% for the entire dUCO collected sample, while separable water and grease represented 1.58% and 0.014%, respectively. In addition, the percentage of the volatile matter was found to be 7.7% ± 2.1% of the filtered dUCO. Using GIS mapping, we found that the areas near tourism sites have a higher dUCO generation value, considering the household survey. Following the developed multiple-regression model developed, it was found that household size and the socioeconomic group have the maximum effect on generating used cooking oil.
► We integrated a simple distributed interception with MODIS land products. ► New equation to estimated canopy storage parameter is proposed. ► The seasonal phenology of a species influences in ...interception process. ► MODIS, can contribute significantly to obtaining quantitative estimates of rainfall interception.
Rainfall interception is an important factor in the hydrological cycle and it is a key variable in hydrological models, especially in the case of continuous distributed models. Interception models commonly use two types of parameters: meteorological and canopy parameters, where the latter depend on the type of vegetation and their phenological states. This means that a spatial–temporal description of the vegetation is required. In practice, the spatial–temporal patterns of vegetation phenology, especially in mountainous areas, make it difficult to quantitatively map and generate rainfall interception data to force continuous distributed hydrology models.
In this paper, we present a simple method which integrates Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land products such as MODIS_NDVI (normal derive vegetation index) and MODIS_LAI (leaf area index) with a simple distributed interception model based on Rutter’s model for mountain basins.
Leaf area index (LAI) and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) are estimated using a temporal series of MODIS_NDVI images, spectral vegetation indices, and spectral mixture analyses, respectively. The canopy storage capacity (Smax) is related to LAI using a simple empirical relationship Smax=f*log(1+LAI) where f depends on the type of vegetation. In order to validate this relationship, published data was used and a good fit was found. However, the amount of available data is limited; hence, this approach is not well established and further research is needed in this field to confirm a robust relationship.
Finally, this research explains and illustrates an approach to quantitatively assess spatial–temporal patterns of interception loss in mountainous areas with greater spatial variability in coverage vegetation. The study area is located in the north of Spain in which three mountains basins were selected: Miera, Pas, and Saja–Besaya.
O presente artigo se dedica ao levantamento e análise das propostas legislativas em torno do tema da tortura, ao longo das últimas décadas no Brasil. Para entender de que maneira os políticos ...brasileiros abordaram este problema em sua atividade parlamentar, nos dedicamos a pesquisar quais foram as iniciativas apresentadas e, em casos específicos, quais foram os conteúdos debatidos no processo de deliberação acerca das mesmas. Observamos que, a despeito do número reduzido de matérias que efetivamente se converteram em norma jurídica, houve elevada produção de proposições acerca do tema, o que justifica um esforço para compreender quem são seus autores, quais os pontos específicos que abordam e como nos ajudam a traçar um panorama de como o problema é percebido e debatido no campo da representação institucional.
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