Socioeconomic factors have been consistently associated with suicide, and economic recessions are linked to rising suicide rates. However, evidence on the impact of socioeconomic interventions to ...reduce suicide rates is limited. This study investigates the association of the world's largest conditional cash transfer programme with suicide rates in a cohort of half of the Brazilian population.
We used data from the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort, covering a 12-year period (2004 to 2015). It comprises socioeconomic and demographic information on 114,008,317 individuals, linked to the "Bolsa Família" programme (BFP) payroll database, and nationwide death registration data. BFP was implemented by the Brazilian government in 2004. We estimated the association of BFP using inverse probability of treatment weighting, estimating the weights for BFP beneficiaries (weight = 1) and nonbeneficiaries by the inverse probability of receiving treatment (weight = E(ps)/(1-E(ps))). We used an average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) estimator and fitted Poisson models to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for suicide associated with BFP experience. At the cohort baseline, BFP beneficiaries were younger (median age 27.4 versus 35.4), had higher unemployment rates (56% versus 32%), a lower level of education, resided in rural areas, and experienced worse household conditions. There were 36,742 suicide cases among the 76,532,158 individuals aged 10 years, or older, followed for 489,500,000 person-years at risk. Suicide rates among beneficiaries and nonbeneficiaries were 5.4 (95% CI = 5.32, 5.47, p < 0.001) and 10.7 (95% CI = 10.51, 10.87, p < 0.001) per 100,000 individuals, respectively. BFP beneficiaries had a lower suicide rate than nonbeneficiaries (IRR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.42, 0.45, p < 0.001). This association was stronger among women (IRR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.33, 0.38, p < 0.001), and individuals aged between 25 and 59 (IRR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.43, p < 0.001). Study limitations include a lack of control for previous mental disorders and access to means of suicide, and the possible under-registration of suicide cases due to stigma.
We observed that BFP was associated with lower suicide rates, with similar results in all sensitivity analyses. These findings should help to inform policymakers and health authorities to better design suicide prevention strategies. Targeting social determinants using cash transfer programmes could be important in limiting suicide, which is predicted to rise with the economic recession, consequent to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Abstract
Although severe COVID-19 in children is rare, they may develop multisystem inflammatory syndrome, long-COVID and downstream effects of COVID-19, including social isolation and disruption of ...education. Data on the effectiveness of the CoronaVac vaccine is scarce during the Omicron period. In Brazil, children between 6 to 11 years are eligible to receive the CoronaVac vaccine. We conducted a test-negative design to estimate vaccine effectiveness using 197,958 tests from January 21, 2022, to April 15, 2022, during the Omicron dominant period in Brazil among children aged 6 to 11 years. The estimated vaccine effectiveness for symptomatic infection was 39.8% (95% CI 33.7–45.4) at ≥14 days post-second dose. For hospital admission vaccine effectiveness was 59.2% (95% CI 11.3–84.5) at ≥14 days. Two doses of CoronaVac in children during the Omicron period showed low levels of protection against symptomatic infection, and modest levels against severe illness.
The majority of stars are part of gravitationally bound stellar systems, such as binaries. Observations of protobinary systems constrain the conditions that lead to stellar multiplicity and ...subsequent orbital evolution. We report high-angular resolution observations of the circumbinary disk around BHB2007 11, a young binary protostar system. The two protostars are embedded in circumstellar disks that have radii of 2 to 3 astronomical units and probably contain a few Jupiter masses. These systems are surrounded by a complex structure of filaments connecting to the larger circumbinary disk. We also observe accretion and radio jets associated with the protobinary system. The accretion is preferentially onto the lower-mass protostar, consistent with theoretical predictions.
Context. Polarized continuum emission at millimeter-to-submillimeter wavelengths is usually attributed to thermal emission from dust grains aligned through radiative torques with the magnetic field. ...However, recent theoretical work has shown that under specific conditions polarization may arise from self-scattering of thermal emission and by radiation fields from a nearby stellar object. Aims. We use multi-frequency polarization observations of a circumbinary disk to investigate how the polarization properties change at distinct frequency bands. Our goal is to discern the main mechanism responsible for the polarization through comparison between our observations and model predictions for each of the proposed mechanisms. Methods. We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array to perform full polarization observations at 97.5 GHz (Band 3), 233 GHz (Band 6) and 343.5 GHz (Band 7). The ALMA data have a mean spatial resolution of 28 AU. The target is the Class I object BHB07-11, which is the youngest object in the Barnard 59 protocluster. Complementary Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations at 34.5 GHz were also performed and revealed a binary system at centimetric continuum emission within the disk. Results. We detect an extended and structured polarization pattern that is remarkably consistent between the three bands. The distribution of polarized intensity resembles a horseshoe shape with polarization angles following this morphology. From the spectral index between Bands 3 and 7, we derived a dust opacity index β ~ 1 consistent with maximum grain sizes larger than expected to produce self-scattering polarization in each band. The polarization morphology and the polarization levels do not match predictions from self-scattering. On the other hand, marginal correspondence is seen between our maps and predictions from a radiation field model assuming the brightest binary component as main radiation source. Previous molecular line data from BHB07-11 indicates disk rotation. We used the DustPol module of the ARTIST radiative transfer tool to produce synthetic polarization maps from a rotating magnetized disk model assuming combined poloidal and toroidal magnetic field components. The magnetic field vectors (i.e., the polarization vectors rotated by 90°) are better represented by a model with poloidal magnetic field strength about three times the toroidal one. Conclusions. The similarity of our polarization patterns among the three bands provides a strong evidence against self-scattering and radiation fields. On the other hand, our data are reasonably well reproduced by a model of disk with toroidal magnetic field components slightly smaller than poloidal ones. The residual is likely to be due to the internal twisting of the magnetic field due to the binary system dynamics, which is not considered in our model.
Objetivos: Compreender a ocorrência de Anemia Aplástica e Agranulocitose em pacientes que utilizam, cronicamente, a Dipirona (Metamizol). Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa ...realizada nas bases PubMed, BVS e Google Scholar utilizando os descritores “dipyrone OR metamizole AND Anemia, Aplastic AND Agranulocytosis”, nos idiomas português e inglês, com dados desde o início dos anos 2000, cujos textos estivessem completos. A partir da combinação dos descritores foram obtidos 294 artigos, mas a revisão foi realizada com 5 estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Artigos duplicados foram excluídos. Os dados foram coletados em julho de 2023. Resultados: Os estudos utilizados são multicêntricos, caso-controles e de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa. Estudo polonês realizado com uma população de 15 milhões de pessoas demonstrou que, no total, apenas 16 casos de agranulocitose e 27 casos de anemia aplástica foram confirmados devido ao uso de metamizol. Outro estudo realizado em Barcelona, Espanha, avaliou o impacto de diversos medicamentos na ocorrência das patologias citadas, e uma população de 78,73 milhões de pessoas por ano foi avaliada. Nesse caso, foi observada uma incidência anual de agranulocitose de 3,46:1 milhões de pessoas, sendo a Dipirona responsável por mais de 16% dos casos. Por fim, o LATIN, um estudo latino-americano ainda não concluído, revelou uma incidência, por ano, de 0,5 casos/milhões de pessoas e 2,7 casos/milhões de pessoas para agranulocitose e anemia aplásica, respectivamente, no Brasil. Discussão: A Dipirona é um potente analgésico e antipirético utilizada amplamente no Brasil, embora seja proibida em países como Estados Unidos, Japão e em muitos países da Europa, em razão de seus efeitos colaterais. O motivo de tal preocupação se deve ao fato de que a Dipirona ou Metamizol, possuem uma mielotoxicidade que pode interferir no sistema hematopoiético, ocasionando em Anemia Aplástica (resulta em anemia, leucopenia e trombocitopenia) e Agranulocitose (contagem de granulócitos inferior a 500/mm3). Dentre os estudos avaliados, todos concordam que há uma relação entre o consumo de Dipirona e a ocorrência de aplasia medular. Entretanto, também afirmam que a incidência é rara e de baixa letalidade. Além disso, os eventos observados foram de ordem idiossincrática, não sendo dose-dependentes. Conclusão: A Dipirona possui correlação com o surgimento de Anemia Aplástica e Agranulocitose, mesmo que raramente, em pacientes que fazem uso de tal fármaco. No entanto, pouco se sabe a respeito de fatores de risco que possam contribuir para tais acontecimentos ou até se os indivíduos afetados já possuíam alguma predisposição às doenças citadas. Para saber com mais profundidade acerca do impacto do medicamento no sistema hematológico são necessários mais estudos, já que um viés limitante da pesquisa foi a ausência de estudos recentes que avaliassem o comportamento farmacológico da Dipirona na atualidade e se sua restrição em tantos países é realmente justificável
We prove the existence of least energy nodal solution for a class of Schrödinger–Poisson system in a bounded domain
Ω
⊂
R
3
with nonlinearity having a subcritical growth.
Context.
The azimuthal polarization patterns observed in some protoplanetary disks by the Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA) at millimeter wavelengths have raised doubts about whether they are ...truly produced by dust grains that are aligned with the magnetic field lines. These conclusions were based on the calculations of dust polarized emission in the Rayleigh regime, that is, for grain sizes that are much smaller than the wavelength. However, the grain size in such disks is typically estimated to be in the range of 0.1−1 mm from independent observations.
Aims.
We study the dust polarization properties of aligned grains in emission in the Mie regime, that is, when the mean grain size approaches the wavelength.
Methods.
By using the
T-MATRIX
and
DustEM
codes, we computed the spectral dependence of the polarization fraction in emission for grains in perfect spinning alignment for various grain size distributions. We restricted our study to weakly-elongated oblate and prolate grains of astrosilicate composition that have a mean size ranging from 10
μ
m to 1 mm.
Results.
In the submillimeter and millimeter wavelength range, the polarization by B-field aligned grains becomes negative for grains larger than ∼250
μ
m, meaning that the polarization vector becomes parallel to the B-field. The transition from the positive to the negative polarization occurs at a wavelength of
λ
∼ 1 mm. The regime of negative polarization does not exist for grains that are smaller than ∼100
μ
m.
Conclusions.
When using realistic grain size distributions for disks with grains up to the submillimeter sizes, the polarization direction of thermal emission by aligned grains is shown to be parallel to the direction of the magnetic field over a significant fraction of the wavelengths typically used to observe young protoplanetary disks. This property may explain the peculiar azimuthal orientation of the polarization vectors in some of the disks observed with ALMA and attest to the conserved ability of dust polarized emission to trace the magnetic field in disks.
Resumo Fundamento Estudos anteriores revelaram alto risco de eventos tromboembólicos arteriais e venosos como consequência de danos virais diretos do SARS-CoV-2 em células endoteliais e um meio ...procoagulante devido ao aumento de biomarcadores como o D-dímero, fibrinogênio, fator VIII. Foram realizados ensaios controlados randomizados de terapias antitrombóticas em pacientes internados, no entanto, poucos estudos avaliaram o papel da tromboprofilaxia no ambiente ambulatorial. Objetivo Avaliar se a profilaxia antitrombótica com rivaroxabana reduz o risco de eventos trombóticos venosos ou arteriais, suporte ventilatório invasivo e morte em pacientes ambulatoriais com COVID-19. Métodos O estudo CARE é um ensaio randomizado, aberto, multicêntrico e controlado por rivaroxabana 10 mg uma vez por dia durante 14 dias ou tratamento local padrão isolado, para a prevenção de resultados adversos, registrado no Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04757857). Os critérios de inclusão são adultos com infecção confirmada ou suspeita do SARS-CoV-2, com sintomas leves ou moderados, sem indicação de hospitalização, no prazo de 7 dias após o início dos sintomas e um fator de risco de complicação da COVID-19 (>65 anos, hipertensão, diabetes, asma, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica ou outras doenças pulmonares crônicas, tabagismo, imunossupressão ou obesidade). O desfecho primário composto inclui tromboembolismo venoso, necessidade de ventilação mecânica invasiva, eventos cardiovasculares agudos maiores e mortalidade no prazo de 30 dias após a randomização, sendo avaliado segundo o princípio da intenção de tratar. Todos os pacientes assinaram termo de consentimento. Foi estabelecido um nível de significância de 5% para todos os testes estatísticos. Resultados Os principais desfechos trombóticos e hemorrágicos, hospitalizações e mortes serão avaliados centralmente por um comitê de eventos clínicos independente, sob a condição cega para a alocação dos grupos de tratamento. Conclusão O estudo CARE fornecerá informação relevante e contemporânea sobre o possível papel da tromboprofilaxia em pacientes ambulatoriais com COVID-19.
Neoplasia ovariana teratogénica en canino O Alves, José Edgard; RGP Bianchi, Mariah; P Calabrez, Larissa ...
Revista MVZ Córdoba,
05/2018, Letnik:
23, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Los teratomas son neoplasias de células germinales originadas en el ectodermo, mesodermo o endodermo. El quiste dermoide o teratoma ovárico maduro quístico es un tumor raro en caninos que puede ...causar serios daños en la fertilidad y salud del animal. El presente caso reporta un quiste ovárico encontrado durante el acto quirúrgico, en un canino hembra pastor alemán de 5 años de edad. La paciente presentaba descargas vaginales desde hace aproximadamente tres semanas. Los signos clínicos asociados a examen ultrasónico permitieron confirmar el diagnóstico de piometra y el paciente fue remitido a tratamiento quirúrgico para realización de ovariohisterectomia. Después de la retirada de los ovarios y útero, fueron percibidas anomalías en tamaño y coloración del ovario izquierdo durante revisión macroscópica, encontrándose a la incisión contenido de pelos y material sebáceo. El espécimen fue enviado para análisis histopatológico, siendo confirmado el diagnóstico de quiste dermoide ovárico. En conclusión, la falta de especificidad de los signos primarios hace difícil el diagnóstico clínico, contribuyendo a que esta alteración sea encontrada incidentalmente durante cirugías abdominales siendo la ovariohisterectomia un tratamiento efectivo para esta condición.
While it is widely accepted that planets are formed in protoplanetary disks, there is still much debate on when this process happens. In a few cases protoplanets have been directly imaged, but for ...the vast majority of systems, disk gaps and cavities-seen especially in dust continuum observations-have been the strongest evidence of recent or ongoing planet formation. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of a nearly edge-on (i = 75°) disk containing a giant gap seen in dust but not in 12CO gas. Inside the gap, the molecular gas has a warm (100 K) component coinciding in position with a tentative free-free emission excess observed with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. Using 1D hydrodynamic models, we find the structure of the gap is consistent with being carved by a planet with 4-70 MJup. The coincidence of free-free emission inside the planet-carved gap points to the planet being very young and/or still accreting. In addition, the 12CO observations reveal low-velocity large-scale filaments aligned with the disk major axis and velocity coherent with the disk gas that we interpret as ongoing gas infall from the local interstellar medium. This system appears to be an interesting case where both a star (from the environment and the disk) and a planet (from the disk) are growing in tandem.
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