An electrochemical sensor based on molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) to detect ceftizoxime (CFX) with high sensitivity and selectivity is demonstrated. MIP was synthesized by electropolymerization of ...poly-cysteine (P-Cys) on a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). A targeted drug was used as a template molecule during the polymerization process. The bare GCE was coated with a layer of MWCNT before the synthesis of MIP to improve the sensor sensitivity. Experimental parameters such as polymerization conditions, the influence of pH, molar ratio of the template molecules and the monomer molecules were all optimized. The peak potential exhibited linearity with CFX concentration in the ranges of 1
×
10
-
9
–1×
10
-
7
molL
−1
(
R
2
= 0.9904) and 2×
10
-
7
–1×
10
-
4
molL
−1
(
R
2
= 0.9949). The LOD of the MIP sensor was found to be
1
×
10
-
10
molL
−1
under optimal conditions using a differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The proposed sensor was tested on real samples, and good recovery results were obtained.
Waste rubber (WR) powder was introduced in a two-roll mill in the presence of various ratios of curatives to develop sheets of devulcanized waste rubber (DWR). The selected product was investigated ...by FTIR, TGA and SEM. In a roll mill and hot press, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) gum was differentially replaced by DWR feed ratios, and thereafter irradiated with gamma rays. The mechanical parameters of the developed blend were examined. Oil resistance and thermogravemetric behavior were discussed. Remarked improvement in the mechanical, thermal and physical parameters of SBR was generally determined by the incorporation of DWR and gamma irradiation.
An effective tool for early-stage selective detection of the foodborne bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) is essential for diagnosing infectious diseases and controlling outbreaks. ...Here, a label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor for monitoring S. flexneri is developed. To fabricate the biosensor, detection probe (capture probe) is immobilized on the surface of poly melamine (P-Mel) and poly glutamic acid (PGA), and disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) functionalized flexible indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid monohydrate sodium salt (AQMS) is used as a signal indicator for the detection of S. flexneri. The proposed DNA biosensor exhibits a wide dynamic range with concentration of the targets ranging from 1 × 10
to 1 × 10
molL
with a limit of detection (LOD) of 7.4 × 10
molL
in the complementary linear target of S. flexneri, and a detection range of 8 × 10
-80 cells/ml with a LOD of 10 cells/ml in real S. flexneri sample. The proposed flexible biosensor provides high specificity for the detection of S. flexneri compared to other target signals such as discrete base mismatches and different bacterial species. The developed biosensor displayed excellent recoveries in detecting S. flexneri in spiked food samples. Therefore, the proposed biosensor can serve as a model methodology for the detection of other pathogens in a broad span of industries.
Here we introduce a composite material that consists of graphene oxide (GO) sheets crosslinked with
-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and functionalized with gold nanoflowers (AuNFs). Furthermore, a screen ...printed electrode (SPE) modified with the introduced composite is electrochemically reduced to obtain an SPE/rGO-NHS-AuNFs electrode for sensitive and selective determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) antibiotic drug. The morphological structure of the as-prepared nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The proposed sensor demonstrated excellent performance with a linear concentration range of 0.05 to 100 μM and a detection limit of 1 nM. The proposed electrode offers a high level of selectivity, stability, reproducibility and a satisfactory recovery rate for electrochemical detection of CAP in real samples such as blood serum, poultry feed, milk, eggs, honey and powdered milk samples. This further demonstrates the practical feasibility of the proposed sensor in food analysis.
In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in demand for wearable sensors, particularly these tracking the surroundings, fitness, and health of people. Thus, selective detection in human body ...fluid is a demand for a smart lifestyle by quick monitoring of electrolytes, drugs, toxins, metabolites and biomolecules, proteins, and the immune system. In this review, these parameters along with the main features of the latest and mostly cited research work on nanostructured wearable electrochemical and biosensors are surveyed. This study aims to help researchers and engineers choose the most suitable selective and sensitive sensor. Wearable sensors have broad and effective sensing platforms, such as contact lenses, Google Glass, skin-patch, mouth gourds, smartwatches, underwear, wristbands, and others. For increasing sensor reliability, additional advancements in electrochemical and biosensor precision, stability in uncontrolled environments, and reproducible sample conveyance are necessary. In addition, the optimistic future of wearable electrochemical sensors in fields, such as remote and customized healthcare and well-being is discussed. Overall, wearable electrochemical and biosensing technologies hold great promise for improving personal healthcare and monitoring performance with the potential to have a significant impact on daily lives. These technologies enable real-time body sensing and the communication of comprehensive physiological information.
In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in demand for wearable sensors, particularly these tracking the surroundings, fitness, and health of people.
Plasmodium sporozoites are the product of a complex developmental process in the mosquito vector and are destined to infect the mammalian liver. Attention has been drawn to the mosquito stages and ...pre-erythrocytic stages owing to recognition that these are bottlenecks in the parasite life cycle and that intervention at these stages can block transmission and prevent infection. Parasite progression in the Anopheles mosquito, sporozoite transmission to the mammalian host by mosquito bite, and subsequent infection of the liver are characterized by extensive migration of invasive stages, cell invasion, and developmental changes. Preparation for the liver phase in the mammalian host begins in the mosquito with an extensive reprogramming of the sporozoite to support efficient infection and survival. Here, we discuss what is known about the molecular and cellular basis of the developmental progression of parasites and their interactions with host tissues in the mosquito and during the early phase of mammalian infection.
•The fabrication techniques for superhydrophobic coating were overviewed.•The major applications of self-cleaning technology (SCT) were highlighted.•Literature survey intensively reflected the ...durability and stability of SCT.•Innovative progress, potentials and obstacles of SCT were also discussed.
Self-cleaning concept has achieved significant attention because of their distinct features and inclusive range of probable applications in various fields. Inspired from the lotus effect; the self-cleaning properties showed by the leaves due to the micro and nanoscopic design which reduces the water droplets adhesion to the surface, self-cleaning technology (SCT) plays a significant role in the current time in various applications. One of its special features is its ability to keep the surface clean and maintain the self-cleaning property stable under severe environmental conditions over an intended period of time. This review introduces an overview of the fabrication techniques for superhydrophobic coating and self-cleaning (SC) applications in various fields. The SCT has applications in areas such as textiles, cotton-fabrics garments, buildings construction, lavatories, domestic-automobiles windows, architectural heritage, and photovoltaic and solar cells. As SCT has wide range of applications, there is a need for a deeper understanding of the resilience and preparation of SC surfaces. Therefore, we have discussed the major applications of SCT in building, toilet, mineral paints for architectural heritage, photovoltaic devices or solar cell, fabrics or textile industry in this review. Apart from this, we have also added information regarding the techniques of SC superhydrophobic surfaces and flexible self-cleaning materials and their applications. SCT naturally suffers from great issues in their durability and stability. As the durability of SCT is significant in daily human life, it is intensively reflected in this literature survey. Furthermore, the ongoing progress and potential efforts in the recent innovative applications of SCT along with the critical conclusions, forthcoming views, and obstacles on the field of the durability of SCT are discussed in the presented survey.
Abstract The in vitro photodynamic therapy activity of four imidazole-substituted metalloporphyrins has been studied using human (HeLa) and mouse (CT26) cancer cell lines: an anionic Zn porphyrin and ...a homologous series of three cationic Zn, Pd or InCl porphyrins. A dramatic difference in phototoxicity was found: Pd cationic > InCl cationic > Zn cationic > Zn anionic. HeLa cells were more susceptible than CT26 cells. Induction of apoptosis was demonstrated using a fluorescent caspase assay. The anionic Zn porphyrin localized in lysosomes while the cationic Zn porphyrin localized in lysosomes and mitochondria, as assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Studies using fluorescent probes suggested that the cationic Pd porphyrin produced more hydroxyl radicals as the reactive oxygen species. Thus, the cationic Pd porphyrin has high potential as a photosensitizer and gives insights into characteristics for improved molecular designs.
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