Charged lepton pairs are produced copiously in high-energy hadron collisions via electroweak gauge boson exchange, and are one of the most precisely measured final states in proton-proton collisions ...at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We propose that measurements of lepton angular distributions can be used to improve the accuracy of theoretical predictions for Higgs boson production cross sections at the LHC. To this end, we exploit the sensitivity of the lepton angular coefficient associated with the longitudinal Z-boson polarization to the parton density function (PDF) for gluons resolved from the incoming protons, in order to constrain the Higgs boson cross section from gluon fusion processes. By a detailed numerical analysis using the open-source platform xFitter, we find that high-statistics determinations of the longitudinally polarized angular coefficient at the LHC Run III and high-luminosity HL-LHC improve the PDF systematic uncertainties of the Higgs boson cross section predictions by 50% over a broad range of Higgs boson rapidities.
Scholars examining the effect of knowledge spillovers on R&D and innovation all agree on one thing - there is a strong relationship between the firm's R&D effort and knowledge spillover. The sign of ...this relationship depends, however, on many things, such as the type of spillovers (horizontal, vertical, or from other sources), the level of appropriability, the type of firm (e.g. age and sector), and the measurement of the spillover itself. A missing piece of evidence to this literature is the role of gender in the founding team of the firm. Our contribution is to fill this gap by explicitly analysing the role played by gender in the founding team. Given that the relationship between a firm's R&D intensity and external knowledge spillovers is ultimately context-specific, we analyse the differences between male-owned and female-owned young entrepreneurial firms with respect to the influence that knowledge spillovers have on their R&D intensity.
The compatibility of
W
-boson mass measurements performed by the ATLAS, LHCb, CDF, and D0 experiments is studied using a coherent framework with theory uncertainty correlations. The measurements are ...combined using a number of recent sets of parton distribution functions (PDF), and are further combined with the average value of measurements from the Large Electron–Positron collider. The considered PDF sets generally have a low compatibility with a suite of global rapidity-sensitive Drell–Yan measurements. The most compatible set is CT18 due to its larger uncertainties. A combination of all
m
W
measurements yields a value of
m
W
=
80
,
394.6
±
11.5
MeV with the CT18 set, but has a probability of compatibility of 0.5% and is therefore disfavoured. Combinations are performed removing each measurement individually, and a 91% probability of compatibility is obtained when the CDF measurement is removed. The corresponding value of the
W
boson mass is
80
,
369.2
±
13.3
MeV, which differs by
3.6
σ
from the CDF value determined using the same PDF set.
The variability in trap-assisted tunneling leakage that is enhanced by random discrete dopants (RDD) causes refresh failure in scaled 6F 2 dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) cells. Thus, the ...worst-case leakage analysis is in high demand, but it requires significant computational cost. To overcome this issue, we performed 200 leakage variability simulations with RDD and a single trap to train a multi-layer neural-network (NN) model. Moreover, we propose a simulation flow using the NN model to find the worst RDD configuration among 5,000 candidates. We demonstrate the worst-case leakage can be found with 96.7% probability using only 5.5% computational cost compared to a full 3D TCAD statistical simulation approach.
•Statistical Variability (SV) impact summary on bulk MOSFETs performances Ion and Vt dispersion.•Single and several fixed charges impact on device performances in interaction with SV.•Traps dynamics ...in combination with SV; identification of permanent and recoverable parts.•Impact of device to device variability comparison with stochastic charge injection.•Time dependent variability simulation framework from device to circuit; BTI impact on SRAM cells.
In this paper we summarize the impact of Statistical Variability (SV) on device performances and study the impact of oxide trapped charges in combination with SV. Traps time constants are described and analysed in combination with SV and time dependent simulations are performed including SV, random traps and charge injection stochasticity. Finally we demonstrate the necessity of statistical simulations in extracting compact models of aged devices and we address the problem of aged SRAM cell reliability.
SUMMARY
On 29 December 2020, a shallow earthquake of magnitude Mw 6.4 struck northern Croatia, near the town of Petrinja, more than 24 hr after a strong foreshock (ML 5). We formed a reconnaissance ...team of European geologists and engineers, from Croatia, Slovenia, France, Italy and Greece, rapidly deployed in the field to map the evidence of coseismic environmental effects. In the epicentral area, we recognized surface deformation, such as tectonic breaks along the earthquake source at the surface, liquefaction features (scattered in the fluvial plains of Kupa, Glina and Sava rivers), and slope failures, both caused by strong motion. Thanks to this concerted, collective and meticulous work, we were able to document and map a clear and unambiguous coseismic surface rupture associated with the main shock. The surface rupture appears discontinuous, consisting of multi-kilometre en échelon right stepping sections, along a NW–SE striking fault that we call the Petrinja-Pokupsko Fault. The observed deformation features, in terms of kinematics and trace alignments, are consistent with slip on a right lateral fault, in agreement with the focal solution of the main shock. We found mole tracks, displacement on faults affecting natural features (e.g. drainage channels), scarplets and more frequently breaks of anthropogenic markers (roads, fences). The surface rupture is observed over a length of ∼13 km from end-to-end, with a maximum displacement of 38 cm, and an average displacement of ∼10 cm. Moreover, the liquefaction extends over an area of nearly 600 km2 around the epicentre. Typology of liquefaction features include sand blows, lateral spreading phenomenon along the road and river embankments, as well as sand ejecta of different grain size and matrix. Development of large and long fissures along the fluvial landforms, current or ancient, with massive ejections of sediments is pervasive. These features are sometimes accompanied by small horizontal displacements. Finally, the environmental effects of the earthquake appear to be reasonably consistent with the usual scaling relationships, in particular the surface faulting. This rupture of the ground occurred on or near traces of a fault that shows clear evidence of Quaternary activity. Further and detailed studies will be carried out to characterize this source and related faults in terms of future large earthquakes potential, for their integration into seismic hazard models.
Pharmacogenetics could represent a further resource to understand the interindividual heterogeneity of response of the host to sepsis and to provide a personalized approach to the critical care ...patient.
Secondary analysis of data from the prospective observational study NCT02750163, in 50 adult septic and septic shock patients treated with Acetaminophen (ACT) for pyrexia. We investigated the presence of two polymorphisms, located respectively in the genes UGT1A1 and CYP3A5, that encode for proteins related to the hepatic metabolism of ACT. The main dependent variables explored were plasmatic concentration of ACT, body temperature and hepatic parameters.
8% of the patients carried CYP3A5 rs776746 A/G genotypes and showed significantly higher plasma levels of ACT than GG wild type patients, and than patients with UGT1A1 rs8330 C/G genotypes.
Identifying specific genotypes of response to ACT may be helpful to guide a more personalized titration of therapy in sepsis and septic shock. CYP3A5 might be a good biomarker for ACT metabolism; however further studies are needed to confirm this result.
NCT02750163.
Increased platelet activity is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. The mean platelet volume (MPV) correlates with platelet activity; however, the relation between the MPV and long-term ...mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not well established. Furthermore, the role of change in the MPV over time has not been previously evaluated. We evaluated the MPV at baseline, 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years after the procedure in 1,512 patients who underwent PCI. The speed of change in the MPV was estimated using the slope of linear regression. Mortality was determined by query of the Social Security Death Index. During a median of 8.7 years, mortality was 49.3% after PCI. No significant difference was seen in mortality when stratified by MPV quartile (first quartile, 50.1%; second quartile, 47.7%; third quartile, 51.3%; fourth quartile, 48.3%; p = 0.74). For the 839 patients with available data to determine a change in the MPV over time after PCI, mortality was 49.1% and was significantly greater in patients with an increase (52.9%) than in those with a decrease (44.2%) or no change (49.1%) in the MPV over time (p <0.0001). In conclusion, no association was found between the baseline MPV and long-term mortality in patients undergoing PCI. However, increased mortality was found when the MPV increased over time after PCI. Monitoring the MPV after coronary revascularization might play a role in risk stratification.
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