refers to a fish pathogen extensively reported to be able to cause injury and high mortality. Phage therapy is considered a process to alternatively control bacterial infections and contaminations. ...In the present study, the isolation of a virulent bacteriophage IME-JL8 isolated from sewage was presented, and such bacteriophage was characterized to be able to infect
specifically. Phage IME-JL8 has been classified as the member of the
family, which exhibits the latent period of 30-40 min. The pH and thermal stability of phage IME-JL8 demonstrated that this bacteriophage achieved a pH range of 4-10 as well as a temperature range of 4, 25, and 37°C. As revealed from the results of whole genomic sequence analysis, IME-JL8 covers a double-stranded genome of 49,838 bp (exhibiting 47.96% G+C content), with 80 putative coding sequences contained. No bacterial virulence- or lysogenesis-related ORF was identified in the IME-JL8 genome, so it could be applicable to phage therapy. As indicated by the
experiments, phage IME-JL8 is capable of effectively removing bacteria (the colony count decreased by 6.8 log units at 20 min), and biofilm can be formed in 24 h. According to the
experiments, administrating IME-JL8 (1 × 10
PFU) was demonstrated to effectively protect the fish exhibiting a double median lethal dose (2 × 10
CFU/carp). Moreover, the phage treatment led to the decline of pro-inflammatory cytokines in carp with lethal infections. IME-JL8 was reported to induce efficient lysis of
both
and
, thereby demonstrating its potential as an alternative treatment strategy for infections attributed to
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that are often located in genomic breakpoint regions and can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in human cancer. Our previous study ...showed that microRNA-423 (miR-423), which localized to the frequently amplified region of chromosome 17q11, was upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the potential functions and exact mechanistic roles of miR-423 in hepatic carcinogenesis remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that miR-423 significantly promotes cell growth and cell cycle progression at the G(1)/S transition in HCC cells. In particular, we found that miR-423-3p contributes to these effects, whereas miR-423-5p does not. Further studies revealed that p21Cip1/Waf1 is a downstream target of miR-423 in HCC cells, as miR-423 bound directly to its 3' untranslated region and reduced both the messenger RNA and protein levels of p21Cip1/Waf1. Moreover, enforced expression of p21Cip1/Waf1 abrogated miR-423-induced effects on HCC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. These findings indicate that miR-423 exerts growth-promoting effects in hepatic carcinogenesis through the suppression of tumor suppressor p21Cip1/Waf1 expression. The results of this study define miR-423 as a new oncogenic miRNA in HCC.
To investigate the intraoperative displacement of major white matter tracts during glioma resection by comparing preoperative and intraoperative diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tracking.
In 37 ...patients undergoing glioma surgery, preoperative and intraoperative diffusion tensor imaging was performed with a 1.5-T magnetic resonance scanner applying an echo-planar imaging sequence with six diffusion directions. For three-dimensional tractography, we implemented a knowledge-based multiple-region-of-interest approach applying user-defined seed regions in the color-coded maps of fractional anisotropy. Tracking was initiated in both the retrograde and orthograde directions according to the direction of the principal eigenvector in each voxel of the region of interest. The tractography results were also assigned color, applying the convention used in color-coded fractional anisotropy maps.
Preoperative and intraoperative fiber tracking was technically feasible in all patients. Fiber tract visualization gave a quick and intuitive overview of the displaced course of white matter tracts in three-dimensional space. Comparison of preoperative and intraoperative tractography depicted a marked shifting of major white matter tracts during glioma removal. Maximum white matter tract shifting ranged from -8 to +15 mm (+2.7 +/- 6.0 mm; mean +/- standard deviation); in 29.7%, an inward and in 62.2%, an outward shifting was detected.
Comparing preoperative and intraoperative fiber tracking visualizes a marked shifting and deformation of major white matter tracts because of tumor removal. This shifting emphasizes the need for an intraoperative update of navigation systems during resection of deep-seated tumor portions near eloquent brain areas. Fiber tracking is a method not only for preoperative neurosurgical visualization but also for further intraoperative planning.
(R,S)-(skew) symmetric matrices have numerous applications in civil engineering, information theory, numerical analysis, etc. In this paper, we deal with the (R,S)-(skew) symmetric solutions to the ...quaternion matrix equation AXB=C. We use a real representation Asup.τ to obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for AXB=C to have (R,S)-(skew) symmetric solutions and derive the solutions when it is consistent. We also derive the least-squares (R,S)-(skew) symmetric solution to the above matrix equation.
LiAlCl
4
·3SO
2
is a promising electrolyte used for Li metal batteries. At room and low temperature, a stable solid electrolyte interface film can be formed in LiAlCl
4
·3SO
2
to achieve favorable ...protection for Li metal anodes. Here, Li|Cu cells with SO
2
-based inorganic electrolyte (LiAlCl
4
·3SO
2
) display higher average coulombic efficiency and more excellent cycling stability compared with a conventional organic electrolyte. Moreover, at 0.5 mA cm
−2
, the coulombic efficiency of Li|Cu cells with LiAlCl
4
·3SO
2
electrolyte can reach 95% at − 20 °C, while the coulombic efficiency of the conventional organic electrolyte at − 20 °C is only about 79%. Furthermore, LiAlCl
4
·3SO
2
electrolyte is non-combustible. Based on all the experimental results, LiAlCl
4
·3SO
2
is a promising electrolyte candidate for safe Li metal batteries.
Graphic abstract
Lithium metal anode, protected by the stable and dense SEI films formed in non-flammable and inorganic non-aqueous liquid electrolyte-LiAlCl
4
·3SO
2
(IE), exhibits small and stable over-potential during Li stripping/plating compared with conventional organic electrolyte (OE) even at − 20 °C.
Research efforts on permanganate (Mn(VII)) combined with redox-mediator (RM), have received increasing attention due to their significant performance for bisphenol-A (BPA) removal. However, the ...mechanisms underpinning BPA degradation remain underexplored. Here we show the overlooked interactions between RM and BPA during permanganate oxidation by introducing an RM—N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI). We discovered that the concurrent generation of MnO2 and phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) radical significantly enhances BPA oxidation within the pH range of 5.0–6.0. The detection of radical cross-coupling products between PINO radicals and BPA or its derivatives corroborates the pivotal role of radical cross-coupling in BPA oxidation. Intriguingly, we observed the formation of an NHPI-BPA complex, which undergoes preferential oxidation by Mn(VII), marked by the emergence of an electron-rich domain in NHPI. These findings unveil the underlying mechanisms in the Mn(VII)/RM system and bridge the knowledge gap concerning BPA transformation via complexation. This research paves the way for further exploration into optimizing complexation sites and RM dosage, significantly enhancing the system's efficiency in water treatment applications.
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•Mn(VII)/N-hydroxyphthalimide is a redox-mediator-enhanced process at pH 5.0–6.0.•In-situ formed reactive species include colloid MnO2 and phthalimide-N-oxyl.•Six radical cross-coupling derivatives of bisphenol-A are detected in this process.•Complexation of redox-mediator with bisphenol-A in Mn(VII) oxidation is revealed.
This work performed a theoretical investigation to explore the mechanism and reactivity of the Co-mediated intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction for constructing bicyclo-skeletons.
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The ...Co2(CO)8-mediated intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction is an efficient approach for constructing polycyclic skeletons. Recently, some of us reported a series of this type reactions involving sterically-hindered enynes for synthesizing natural products with reasonable reaction rates and yields. However, the reason for the high reactivity of the reaction remains unclear. We employed density functional theory calculations to clarify the mechanism and reactivity for this reaction. In contrast with chain olefin reactants, CO insertion is considered to be the rate-determining step for the overall Pauson-Khand reaction of cyclooctene derivatives. The reduced activation free energy for the alkene insertion step is attributed to: i) the electron-withdrawing group in close proximity to the CC triple bond enhancing the reactivity of the alkyne moiety; ii) lower steric hindrance during alkene insertion when using the cyclooctene derivative. The effect of the substituent on the Co2(CO)8-mediated intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction was then investigated. Internal alkenes exhibit lower reactivity than terminal alkenes because of the steric hindrance introduced by the substituted group. The cis internal alkene exhibits higher reactivity than the trans internal alkene. An ester group in close proximity to the CC triple bond significantly enhances the reactivity.
The benign condition hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) is known to ameliorate symptoms of co-inherited β-hemoglobinopathies, such as sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia. The ...condition is sometimes associated with point mutations in the fetal globin promoters that disrupt the binding of the repressors BCL11A or ZBTB7A/LRF, which have been extensively studied. HPFH is also associated with a range of deletions within the β-globin locus that all reside downstream of the fetal HBG2 gene. These deletional forms of HPFH are poorly understood and are the focus of this study. Numerous different mechanisms have been proposed to explain how downstream deletions can boost the expression of the fetal globin genes, including the deletion of silencer elements, of genes encoding noncoding RNA, and bringing downstream enhancer elements into proximity with the fetal globin gene promoters. Here we systematically analyze the deletions associated with both HPFH and a related condition known as δβ-thalassemia and propose a unifying mechanism. In all cases where fetal globin is upregulated, the proximal adult β-globin (HBB) promoter is deleted. We use clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-mediated gene editing to delete or disrupt elements within the promoter and find that virtually all mutations that reduce ΗΒΒ promoter activity result in elevated fetal globin expression. These results fit with previous models where the fetal and adult globin genes compete for the distal locus control region and suggest that targeting the ΗΒΒ promoter might be explored to elevate fetal globin and reduce sickle globin expression as a treatment of β-hemoglobinopathies.
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