Background:
Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been documented to have worse outcomes compared with primary ACL reconstructions.
Purpose/Hypothesis:
The purpose of this ...study was to determine if the prevalence, location, and/or degree of meniscal and chondral damage noted at the time of revision ACL reconstruction predicts activity level, sports function, and osteoarthritis symptoms at 2-year follow-up. The hypothesis was that meniscal loss and high-grade chondral damage noted at the time of revision ACL reconstruction will result in lower activity levels, decreased sports participation, more pain, more stiffness, and more functional limitation at 2 years after revision surgery.
Study Design:
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
Methods:
Between 2006 and 2011, a total of 1205 patients who underwent revision ACL reconstruction by 83 surgeons at 52 hospitals were accumulated for study of the relationship of meniscal and articular cartilage damage to outcome. Baseline demographic and intraoperative data, including the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee evaluation, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Marx activity score, were collected initially and at 2-year follow-up to test the hypothesis. Regression analysis was used to control for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, activity level, baseline outcome scores, revision number, time since last ACL reconstruction, incidence of having a previous ACL reconstruction on the contralateral knee, previous and current meniscal and articular cartilage injury, graft choice, and surgeon years of experience to assess the meniscal and articular cartilage risk factors for clinical outcomes 2 years after revision ACL reconstruction.
Results:
At 2-year follow-up, 82% (989/1205) of the patients returned their questionnaires. It was found that previous meniscal injury and current articular cartilage damage were associated with the poorest outcomes, with prior lateral meniscectomy and current grade 3 to 4 trochlear articular cartilage changes having the worst outcome scores. Activity levels at 2 years were not affected by meniscal or articular cartilage pathologic changes.
Conclusion:
Prior lateral meniscectomy and current grade 3 to 4 changes of the trochlea were associated with worse outcomes in terms of decreased sports participation, more pain, more stiffness, and more functional limitation at 2 years after revision surgery, but they had no effect on activity levels.
Registration:
NCT00625885
GLOBAL CLIMATE Dunn, R. J. H.; Aldred, F.; Gobron, N. ...
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
08/2021, Letnik:
102, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recent studies demonstrate that α cells contribute to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists potently potentiate GSIS, making these drugs ...useful for diabetes treatment. However, the role of α and β cell paracrine interactions in the effects of GLP-1R agonists is undefined. We previously found that increased β cell GLP-1R signaling activates α cell GLP-1 expression. Here, we characterized the bidirectional paracrine cross-talk by which α and β cells communicate to mediate the effects of the GLP-1R agonist, liraglutide. We find that the effect of liraglutide to enhance GSIS is blunted by α cell ablation in male mice. Furthermore, the effect of β cell GLP-1R signaling to activate α cell GLP-1 is mediated by a secreted protein factor that is regulated by the signaling protein, 14-3-3-zeta, in mouse and human islets. These data refine our understanding of GLP-1 pharmacology and identify 14-3-3-zeta as a potential target to enhance α cell GLP-1 production.
The presence of valine (V) at position 158 of FcγRllla (CD16) is known to improve clinical response to rituximab in indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Little is known about the basic mechanisms for ...this observation. We examined natural killer (NK) cells from healthy donors representing the FcγRIIIa-158 polymorphic subgroups (V/V, V/F, and F/F) for gene transcript and cell surface CD16 expression, rituximab binding, and rituximab-dependent NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We observed higher levels of FcγRIIIa transcripts among individuals with the FcγRIIIa-158 V/V versus V/F or F/F genotype (P < .001); increased cell surface CD16 expression by quantitative flow cytometry on NK cells from individuals expressing at least one valine at FcγRIIIa-158 versus F/F (P = .029); as well as augmented rituximab binding and rituximab-mediated, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). These results suggest that individuals expressing at least one valine at FcγRIIIa-158 might, in part, have better clinical outcomes due to increased CD16 expression, rituximab binding, and rituximab-mediated ADCC.
Infection is a rare occurrence after revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (rACLR). Because of the low rates of infection, it has been difficult to identify risk factors for infection in ...this patient population. The purpose of this study was to report the rate of infection following rACLR and assess whether infection is associated with patient‐ and surgeon‐dependent risk factors. We reviewed two large prospective cohorts to identify patients with postoperative infections following rACLR. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, history of diabetes, and graft choice were recorded for each patient. The association of these factors with postoperative infection following rACLR was assessed. There were 1423 rACLR cases in the combined cohort, with 9 (0.6%) reporting postoperative infections. Allografts had a higher risk of infection than autografts (odds ratio, 6.8; 95% CI, 0.9–54.5; p = .045). Diabetes (odds ratio, 28.6; 95% CI, 5.5–149.9; p = .004) was a risk factor for infection. Patient age, sex, BMI, and smoking status were not associated with risk of infection after rACLR.
The neonatal rodent spinal cord maintained in vitro is a powerful model system to understand the central properties of spinal circuits generating mammalian locomotion. We describe three enabling ...approaches that incorporate afferent input and attached hindlimbs. (i) Sacral dorsal column stimulation recruits and strengthens ongoing locomotor-like activity, and implementation of a closed positive-feedback paradigm is shown to support its stimulation as an untapped therapeutic site for locomotor modulation. (ii) The spinal cord hindlimbs-restrained preparation allows suction electrode electromyographic recordings from many muscles. Inducible complex motor patterns resemble natural locomotion, and insights into circuit organization are demonstrated during spontaneous motor burst 'deletions', or following sensory stimuli such as tail and paw pinch. (iii) The spinal cord hindlimbs-pendant preparation produces unrestrained hindlimb stepping. It incorporates mechanical limb perturbations, kinematic analyses, ground reaction force monitoring, and the use of treadmills to study spinal circuit operation with movement-related patterns of sensory feedback while providing for stable whole-cell recordings from spinal neurons. Such techniques promise to provide important additional insights into locomotor circuit organization.
The present study evaluated the application of Limosilactobacillus fermentum IAL 4541 and Wickerhamomyces anomalus IAL 4533 isolated from sourdoughs and their combinations, for bio-conservative ...action in panettones, as well as to identify the antifungal volatile compounds. Samples from different fermentation steps were submitted to physicochemical and microbiological evaluation, as to know: sourdough after 48 h (A), 96 h (B), and 144 h (C); dough of the first fermentation (D); final dough after second fermentation (E), and baked panettone (F). In all treatments, lactic bacteria and yeast counts demonstrated a mechanism of proto-cooperation. Panettones containing L. fermentum or W. anomalus in their composition had longer shelf life, which indicates their effect as potential biopreservatives. The genetic sequencing data demonstrated the dominance of the Lactobacilli throughout the process, corroborating the data obtained by cultivable methods. A total of 59 volatile organic compounds were found in this study, and a hierarchical cluster analysis presented the separation between the production stages (C, E) and the most recurrent compounds in the final product (F). Of these compounds, the following stood out (n = 26): acids (7.7%), alcohols (23.1%), aldehydes and ketones (34.6%), and esters (34.6%). The treatments containing L. fermentum presented more diversity of volatile organic compounds with potential antifungal effect. There was a higher production of acetic (1.17–8.85 mmol/kg), phenyllactic (5–10.4 mmol/kg), and propionic (3.5–4.3 mmol/kg) acids in the final product. This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying endogenous starter cultures from sourdoughs, with great biopreservative activity, enabling the production of healthier and more natural panettones.
•Lactobacilli dominated all the steps of all panettone fermentations.•Panettones produced with L. fermentum or W. anomalus starter had a longer shelf life.•Endogenous starter cultures from sourdoughs have great biopreservative activity.•VOC found allowed separating the production stages and the final product.•The treatments containing L. fermentum presented a higher diversity of flavors.
White wines suffer from heat-induced protein hazes during transport and storage unless the proteins are removed prior to bottling. Bentonite fining is by far the most commonly used method, but it is ...inefficient and creates several other process challenges. An alternative to bentonite is the enzymatic removal of haze-forming grape pathogenesis-related proteins using added proteases. The major problem with this approach is that grape pathogenesis-related proteins are highly protease resistant unless they are heat denatured in combination with enzymatic treatment. This paper demonstrates that the protease BcAP8, from the grape fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, is capable of degrading chitinase, a major class of haze-forming proteins, without heat denaturation. Because BcAP8 effectively removes haze-forming proteins under normal winemaking conditions, it could potentially benefit winemakers by reducing bentonite requirements.
Sorting and degradation of receptors and associated signaling molecules maintain homeostasis of conserved signaling pathways during cell specification and tissue development. Yet, whether machineries ...that sort signaling proteins act preferentially on different receptors and ligands in different contexts remains mysterious. Here, we show that Vacuolar protein sorting 25, Vps25, a component of ESCRT-II (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport II), directs preferential endosome-mediated modulation of FGF signaling in limbs. By ENU-induced mutagenesis, we isolated a polydactylous mouse line carrying a hypomorphic mutation of Vps25 (Vps25ENU). Unlike Vps25-null embryos we generated, Vps25ENU/ENU mutants survive until late gestation. Their limbs display FGF signaling enhancement and consequent hyperactivation of the FGF-SHH feedback loop causing polydactyly, whereas WNT and BMP signaling remain unperturbed. Notably, Vps25ENU/ENU Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts exhibit aberrant FGFR trafficking and degradation; however, SHH signaling is unperturbed. These studies establish that the ESCRT-II machinery selectively limits FGF signaling in vertebrate skeletal patterning.
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•ENU-induced mutation of mouse ESCRT-II/Vps25 causes polydactyly•Vps25 hypomorphic mutants survive until late gestation unlike ESCRT LOF embryos•ESCRT-II constrains digit number by endosome-mediated modulation of FGF signaling•Mutations in ESCRT reveal a mechanism underlying congenital limb defects
Using a polydactylous mouse line carrying a hypomorphic mutation in the Vps25 subunit of the ESCRT-II complex, Handschuh et al. now establish that ubiquitously expressed machineries that sort signaling proteins preferentially regulate, or are rate limiting for, select signaling pathways in different contexts of the developing embryo.
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