Third Harmonic Exploitation in Passive UHF RFID Andiia Vera, Gianfranco; Duroc, Yvan; Tedjini, Smail
IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques,
09/2015, Letnik:
63, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper unfolds the recent concept of using harmonic signals generated by the nonlinear behavior of traditional passive UHF RF identification (RFID) chips. The harmonics generation of passive RFID ...chips is analyzed to highlight the influences of the matching network and the tag antenna. The proposed study relies on a theoretical model that explains the role in the harmonic production of different elements constituting the tag. The model also shows how to achieve a second communication channel exploiting the third harmonic frequency in addition to the fundamental frequency channel. Specifications and methodology are explained in a harmonic communication scenario. The regulations, harmonic RFID reader considerations, harmonic tag guidelines design, and metrics for its evaluation are discussed. In compliance with the standard regulations EPC Class-1 Gen2 RFID, a design example is presented. The performance of the solution is illustrated from simulation and measurements. The prototype example operates simultaneously at fundamental and third harmonic frequencies with a read range greater than 4.5 m.
Harmonic Power Harvesting System for Passive RFID Sensor Tags Allane, Dahmane; Andia Vera, Gianfranco; Duroc, Yvan ...
IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques,
2016-July, 2016-7-00, 20160701, 2016-07-01, Letnik:
64, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper introduces a relevant concept of energy harvesting for passive UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) relying on the exploitation of the power carried by the third harmonic signal ...generated by the RFID chip. The idea consists on the use of the sole third harmonic energy to power up an associated sensor to the RFID tag. The proposed concept is first demonstrated in simulation thanks to an equivalent model for the RF front-end of a passive UHF RFID chip. Although the proposed model is simplified, it considers the generated nonlinear signals, allowing an efficient design of the rectifier circuit, which is responsible of harvesting the third harmonic power besides ensuring the activation of the RFID chip in order to communicate with the reader. The power driving between the RFID chip, third harmonic harvester, and antenna at the fundamental and third harmonic frequencies is achieved by designing a low-loss distributed three-port impedance matching network. Simulation results confirm the operation of the matching network and the exploitation of the third harmonic signal by analyzing the power at different nodes in the circuit. Measurement results validate the proposed nonlinear chip model. A prototype of the RFID tag harmonic-harvester produces 39 μW of dc power harvested from the harmonic signal, showing good agreement with the simulation results. Finally, a sensor application exploiting the harmonic harvested power to energize a commercial temperature sensor at a distance of 80 cm from the reader is demonstrated.
RFID Test Platform: Nonlinear Characterization Andia Vera, Gianfranco; Duroc, Yvan; Tedjini, Smail
IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement,
09/2014, Letnik:
63, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper presents a complete radio frequency identification (RFID) test platform to characterize the nonlinear effects produced by passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID chips. In full operation ...mode, automated measurements of activation power, harmonic response level, and impedances are performed in a wide frequency range up to the fourth harmonic. The characterization method, platform composition, and operation are explained through real measurements on UHF Class-1 Generation-2 chips. A harmonic treatment is presented thanks to the joint use of an RFID tester and impedance tuners, and the effect of the antenna-chip impedance matching on the harmonic responses is compared before and after treatment. To the best of our knowledge, no similar platform has been presented in the literature.
Analysis of Harmonics in UHF RFID Signals Andia Vera, Gianfranco; Duroc, Y.; Tedjini, S.
IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques,
06/2013, Letnik:
61, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In this paper, a detailed study is proposed on the properties of UHF RF identification (RFID) signals when the communication between the reader and tag is established. The main objective is to ...analyze the harmonics produced by the chip and radiated by the tag antenna. From experimentation, the characteristics of the nonlinearities contained in the signals are highlighted and linked to the theory of the backscattering in the RFID context. Several experiences taking into account the standards are proposed. Moreover, several commercial tags are considered in order to compare the observations. The used configuration, the experimental setup, and the protocols are described in detail. In particular, the generation of periodic and reproducible sequences of bits is introduced and its advantages are emphasized. Finally, contrarily to the classic approaches that tend to eliminate the harmonics generated by the rectifiers of tags, the great interest of the possible exploitation of backscattered harmonics is discussed in perspectives and some ideas of applications are given.
This paper proposes a novel cooperative composite energy harvesting system that consists in the association of a traditional passive UHF Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chip with an ...Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting Circuit (EEH-C). The objective is to exploit the i-v nonlinearity of the rectifier by applying a signal with time-varying envelope in order to improve the RF-to-dc conversion efficiency. Thanks to a multisource configuration, i.e., an RFID reader at 0.868 GHz and an external source at 2.45 GHz, the EEH-C is able to rectify the 3 rd harmonic product of the RFID chip, in addition to the 2.45 GHz signal, without compromising the RFID communication. Additionally, digitally modulated signals are used at 2.45 GHz to further enhance the harvesting efficiency of the EEH-C. From theory, simulations and measurement it is demonstrated that the exploitation of the three nonlinear effects of rectifying circuits, i.e., (i) impedance power dependency, (ii) harmonic signals production, and (iii) waveform dependency can greatly improve the conversion efficiency of the EEH-C.
Tag-to-reader harmonic link in passive UHF RFID Andia Vera, Gianfranco; Duroc, Yvan; Tedjini, Smail
2014 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2014),
2014-June
Conference Proceeding
This paper presents a new communication concept for the passive UHF RFID technology, by means of the exploitation of harmonics signals generated by passive UHF RFID chips. The presence of information ...carried on the harmonics is experimentally shown by conducted measurements on three different EPC Class-1 Gen2 RFID chips. Therefore, and in compliance with the standard requirements, these results are used in the optimal design of a new tag that increases the power level of the harmonic response, while operating also at the fundamental frequency. The performance of this solution is illustrated from simulation and measurement. Results show an improvement of 11 dB on the 3 rd harmonic response compared to commercial tags, thereby, enabling new applications, concepts and functionalities for the RFID technology. To the knowledge of the authors, no similar study has been presented in the literature.
This paper discusses novel methodologies for the characterization of harmonic signals generated by wireless powered devices, i.e. passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification ...(RFID) tags, due to the wireless power transferred from reader to tag. Theoretical aspects, as well as measurements to characterize these non-linear phenomena are exposed. Particular care is taken to explain the analysis methodology and setup for two kinds of characterization measurements: radiated and conducted. The existence of harmonic signals carrying information is exploited in an advanced application example. A dual-band RFID tag is designed to increase the backscattered harmonic level in the tag-to-reader link. Measurement of this dual band tag demonstrates the exploitation of the hitherto neglected harmonic power; it also opens the door to more advanced applications exploiting the harmonic-link communication.
In this paper a study on the nonlinearities effects on passive UHF RFID tags is established. From experimentation, once the communication is established between reader and tag, the evidence of ...existence of a 3 rd harmonic carrying information by the backscattered modulation is presented. Contrary to the classic approaches which tend to eliminate the harmonics generated by the rectifier part of the tag, an idea of their exploitation by defining a redundant channel is discussed.
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