Trials have examined on the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women.
This review aimed to evaluate whether oral vitamin D supplements, when given to pregnant women with gestational ...diabetes mellitus (GDM), would improve maternal and neonatal outcomes, compared with no treatment or placebo.
We performed a systematic review following Cochrane methodology, and randomized trials were included where pregnant women with GDM received vitamin D supplementation versus placebo/no treatment or vitamin D and calcium versus placebo/no treatment. Primary outcomes were preeclampsia, preterm birth, cesarean delivery, gestational hypertension, and adverse events related to vitamin D supplementation. The search strategies were applied to the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, and CENTRAL. Similar outcomes in at least two trials were plotted using Review Manager 5.3 software. The quality of evidence was generated according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).
The total of 1224 references were identified, eleven trials were potentially eligible, and six were included in this review (totaling 456 women). The meta-analysis of frequency of cesarean deliveries did not show significant differences between groups, none of the trials evaluated the remaining primary outcomes. For secondary outcomes, our results suggest that vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women with GDM may reduce newborn complications such as hyperbilirubinemia, polyhydramnios (RR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.68; RR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.89; respectively), and the need for maternal or infant hospitalization (RR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.98; RR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.69). However, the evidence was of low or very low quality.
We did not find moderate or high quality evidence indicating that vitamin D supplementation, when compared with placebo, improves glucose metabolism, adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes related to GDM in pregnant women.
This study assesses the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (830 nm) for myalgia treatment of masticatory muscles. Sixty patients with muscular myalgia were selected and randomly allocated into 2 ...groups (n=30): Group A comprised patients given a placebo (control), and Group B consisted of those undergoing photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). PBMT and placebo were applied bilaterally to specific points on the masseter and temporal muscles. Referred pain elicited by palpation and maximum mouth opening were measured before (EV1) and after (EV2) the treatments. The data were analyzed using statistical tests, considering a significance level of 5%. No significant differences in range were observed for active or passive mouth opening (p ≥ 0.05). Comparing the final outcomes (EV1-EV2) of both treatments, statistical significance was verified for total pain in the right masseter muscle (p = 0.001) and total pain (p = 0.005). In EV2, significant differences in pain reported with palpation were found between Groups A and B for the following: left posterior temporal muscle (p = 0.025), left superior masseter muscle (p = 0.036), inferior masseter muscle (p = 0.021), total pain (left side) (p = 0.009), total masseter muscle (left side) (p = 0.014), total temporal (left side) (p = 0.024), and total pain (p = 0.035). We concluded that PBMT (830 nm) reduces pain in algic points, but does not influence the extent of mouth opening in patients with myalgia.
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate how mothers of children with congenital syndrome (microcephaly) associated with Zika virus perceive their quality of life. Methods: This is a qualitative study ...carried out in two stages: at the Maternal and Child University Hospital and at Casa de Apoio Ninar through semi-structured interviews with mothers of children with congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus. Ten women comprised the sample. Results: In line with the critical discourse analysis, four categories emerged based on Fairclough’s 2008 assumptions: Quality of Life and Health - quality of life perception associated with the broad meaning of the term health; Quality of Life and Health Care Systems - characterized by care instability and fragmentation; Quality of Life and Free Time - lack of free time for activities of daily living and leisure; Quality of Life and Future Perspectives - lack of future perspective, considering that most participants had to stop working and studying to take care of their children. Conclusions: Mothers of children with congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus are devoted to their children’s care. Their lack of prospects was considered a consequence of the lack of time for activities of daily living and leisure.
RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a percepção da qualidade de vida das mães de crianças portadoras de síndrome congênita (microcefalia) associada ao Zika vírus. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado em duas etapas. A primeira foi conduzida no Hospital Universitário Materno-Infantil e a segunda na Casa de Apoio Ninar, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com mães de crianças que apresentam a síndrome congênita associada ao Zika vírus. A amostra foi composta por 10 mulheres. Resultados: Em consonância com a análise crítica do discurso, segundo os pressupostos de Fairclough, de 2008, quatro categorias emergiram: Qualidade de Vida e Saúde - a percepção da qualidade de vida está vinculada ao significado amplo do termo saúde; Redes de Qualidade de Vida e Atenção à Saúde - caracterizadas por precariedade e fragmentação do cuidado; Qualidade de Vida e Tempo Livre - falta de tempo livre para realizar atividades da vida diária e lazer; Qualidade de Vida e Perspectivas Futuras - foi abordada a falta de perspectiva futura, uma vez que a maioria das participantes teve que parar de trabalhar e estudar para cuidar dos filhos. Conclusões: Mães de crianças com síndrome congênita associada ao vírus Zika são totalmente dedicadas ao cuidado de seus filhos. A falta de perspectivas para o futuro foi considerada em decorrência da falta de tempo para lazer e atividade da vida diária.
Pemphigusis a bullous, rare and chronic autoimmune disease. There are two major forms of pemphigus: vulgaris and foliaceus. Epidemiological data and clinical outcome in patients diagnosed in the ...Brazilian Amazon states are still rare.
To study the occurrence of the disease during the study period and analyze the epidemiological profile of patients, the most common subtype of pemphigus, and the clinical evolution of patients.
Retrospective analysis of medical records of hospitalized patients with pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris in the period from 2003 to 2010 in Dermatology Service of Hospital Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará, Belém, Northern Brazil.
We found a total of 20 cases of pemphigus during the study period, 8 of which were of foliaceus pemphigus and 12 of vulgaris pemphigus. Pemphigus foliaceus had the predominance of male patients (75%), showed satisfactory clinical evolution, and was characterized by absence of pediatric cases. Pemphigus vulgaris affected more women (66.7%), showed mean hospital stay of 1 to 3 months (50%), and there were three cases of death (25%). The prescribed immunosuppressive drugs included prednisone with or without combination of azathioprine and/or dapsone. Sepsis was associated with 100% of the deaths.
The occurrence of the disease is rare, there are no familiar/endemic outbreaks in the sample. Evolution is usually favorable, but secondary infection is associated with worse prognosis. The choice of best drugs to treat pemphigus remains controversial.
Resumo: Introdução: A pandemia da Covid-19 e as medidas sanitárias de isolamento social impuseram a necessidade de reestruturação do ensino, com migração para tecnologias digitais. Em relação à ...educação em saúde da população de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (LGBT), assunto que ainda está em processo de inserção nas escolas médicas, tal mudança trouxe novas oportunidades para a discussão do conteúdo, mas também criou e escancarou vulnerabilidades preexistentes. Relato de Experiência: Ocorreram no Brasil diversas experiências de educação em saúde LGBT durante o período da pandemia da Sars-Cov-2, com auxílio de plataformas digitais. Em uma universidade do Rio Grande do Norte, uma disciplina optativa de Atenção à Saúde da População LGBT, que já seria ministrada no formato presencial, sofreu modificações e acabou por ser ofertada no modelo remoto. A liga de semiologia de uma faculdade de São Paulo se viu obrigada a mudar a sua aula com a mesma temática em decorrência do isolamento social. Discussão: Essas experiências permitiram a análise de uma série de oportunidades e vulnerabilidades trazidas por esse momento de reformulações no ensino. A modalidade remota expôs e expandiu desigualdades sociais por conta da necessidade de equipamentos e internet para acesso aos conteúdos, marginalizando uma parcela vulnerável da população. Além disso, o ambiente digital pode ser inseguro para o pronunciamento de pessoas LGBT. Em contrapartida, essa modalidade permitiu a ampliação do público atingido pelas atividades, resultante da diminuição dos custos e da quebra de barreiras geográficas permitidas pelo ambiente digital. Surgiram inovações nas ferramentas de ensino, como uso de podcasts e vídeos, flexibilizando as formas de ensino e divulgação de informações. Conclusão: Diante das deficiências encontradas com a experiência do ensino remoto emergencial, espera-se que, no futuro, os aprendizados adquiridos levem a uma implementação curricular mais democrática de atividades inclusivas em ensino sobre saúde LGBT nas universidades.
Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic, and sanitary and social isolation measures imposed the need for restructuring health education, by migrating environments to digital technologies. As for health education for the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transvestite and Transsexual (LGBT) population, a subject that is still in the process of being inserted in medical schools, this change brought new opportunities for discussion, but it also created and brought up pre-existing vulnerabilities. Experience Report: Around the country, during the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic period, there were several digitally-aided experiences of LGBT health education. At a University in Rio Grande do Norte, a non-mandatory discipline of Health Care for the LGBT Population, designed to be taught in a physical format, underwent modifications and ended up being offered remotely. The Semiology League at a College in São Paulo (SP) was forced to change its class with the same theme due to social isolation. In these and other experiences there were great challenges, but also a lot of innovation. Discussion: Those experiences brought into focus a series of opportunities and vulnerabilities in this moment of educational changes. Remote education exposed and expanded social inequalities due to the need for equipment and internet access, marginalizing a vulnerable portion of the population. Furthermore, the digital environment proved not to be a totally safe setting for LGBT people to speak their minds. In contrast, this method allowed for the expansion of the audience in some activities, resulting from digital environment cost reductions and lower geographical barriers. Also, there were expanded innovations in teaching tools, such as the use of podcasts and videos, making teaching and information dissemination processes more flexible. Conclusion: In view of the difficulties posed during these remote learning experiences, it is expected that, in the future, the lessons learned will lead to a more democratic curricular implementation of inclusive LGBT health activities in Universities.
Anogenital warts (AGW) were recently recognized in children, and their significance as an index of childhood sexual abuse is controversial. We report our transdisciplinary approach (including a ...pediatric surgeon, psychologist, social worker, ethics expert, and occasionally law enforcement agents) and its results in a group of 17 children with AGW treated at the public pediatric referral hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during a 3-year period (1996-1999). All children were treated by electrocauterization of the warts, tested for other STDs, and submitted to perineal examination under anesthesia. Families received psycho-social counseling as necessary and cases were referred to child protection and law enforcement agents when indicated according to Brazilian legislation. We identified a high incidence of sexual abuse (8 children, 5/7 > 5 years old), with 3 patients inconclusive as to sexual abuse and 7 cases of perinatal transmission (5/8 < 4 years old). We conclude that AGW are indeed a strong sign of suspicion for sexual abuse in children, especially but not exclusively > 5 years of age. However, strong support and a transdisciplinary approach to the children and their families is necessary to identify it.
Maize (Zea mays L.) is among the most cultivated crops in the world and can be affected by several diseases, especially those transmitted by seeds. The study of alternatives to fungicides used for ...seed treatment has a promising field in essential oils. Thus, this study determined the phytochemical profile of the ethanolic extract from Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan and to evaluate its antifungal activity on the sanitary and physiological quality of maize seeds. The seeds used were of the Jaboatão cultivar, which were submitted to the following treatments: control (untreated seeds), commercial fungicide (dicarboximide) and A. colubrina extract at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 ppm. The seeds were subjected to sanitary and germination tests in a completely randomized experimental design. Phytochemical prospecting of A. colubrina extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins, as well as the major compounds lupeol, gallic acid, ferulic acid, catechin and quercetin. The A. colubrina extract reduced the incidence of Aspergillus spp., including Aspergillus niger, Alternaria spp., Curvularia spp. and Fusarium spp. at all concentrations. The highest concentrations (800 and 1,000 ppm) of the A. colubrina extract reduced the incidence of Penicillium spp. and yielded an effective control of Rhizoctonia spp. The extract of A. colubrina did not present phytotoxic effect, guaranteeing the viability and vigor of maize seeds.
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