Oncideres saga (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a neotropical and common twig girdler, occurs in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. This insect has economic importance due to damages caused to trees used in ...urban afforestation and commercial plantations. The control of this insect group depends, exclusively, on periodic inspections to remove and burn infested branches in tree crops. Here, Corrêa et al describe the laying pattern of O. saga and the morphology of its eggs on a girdled branch of Inga edulis Mart. (Fabaceae).
Plathymenia reticulata Benth. (Fabaceae), native from South America, is used for energy and wood production, on degraded areas recovery programs, and beekeeping. Insect damage may reduce tree growth ...and survival and impact their use. Oncideres (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) beetles girdle branches and tree trunks, to lay their eggs. The girdling reduces the sap flow, accumulating nutrients for the insect offspring's development, but, also, changes the trees architecture and its fruit production. Immatures develop into adults inside the girdled branch with many other species that cohabit and depend on the girdled branches. Oncideres saga, a neotropical twig girdler beetle, is a pest of urban forestry, and forest plantations. Susceptible host trees, near these plantations, may become an infestation focus for this beetle. The objective was to report, for the first time, O. saga girdling P. reticulata and to characterize its biology and damage to this host.
Successful treatment of surface water for public use requires the evaluation of raw water and coagulant efficacy. The purpose of water treatment is to remove impurities, allowing its quality to be ...classified to meet the needs of the population. The conditions of urban rivers that flow though the city of São Paulo, which were already undergoing major transformations, particularly due to intense urbanization, have deteriorated further due to the precariousness of basic sanitation and increasing environmental pollution.This study focused on an analysis of the efficiency of PGα21Ca, a water purification product, in the treatment of Pinheiros River water, based on coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation tests. The biopolymer PGα21Ca reduced in the order of 100% the total phosphorus. The best sedimentation velocity for the coagulant under study was 1 cm min-1. The PGα21Ca performed well in the removal of turbidity and apparent color, with residual turbidity of 1.84 NTU, 96.95% removal of apparent color, and little change in the pH of the medium.
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of midazolam-ketamine alone or in combination with dexmedetomidine or tramadol in a constant rate infusion (CRI) on the minimum infusion rate (MIR) of ...propofol and the cardiorespiratory function in cats undergoing an ovariohysterectomy (OH). This was a prospective, randomised, blinded clinical study. Twenty-four healthy female mixed-breed cats were premedicated with ketamine and midazolam. Propofol was used for the induction and maintenance of the anaesthesia (starting at 18 mg/kg/h). Cats were assigned to groups (n = 8) to receive one of the following intravenous treatments: midazolam-ketamine group (MKG; ketamine 0.6 mg/kg/h); midazolam-ketamine-dexmedetomidine group MKDG; ketamine 0.6 mg/kg/h and dexmedetomidine loading dose (LD) 1 mg/kg, CRI 1 mg/kg/h) or midazolam-ketamine-tramadol group MKTG; ketamine 0.6 mg/kg/h and tramadol (LD 2 mg/kg, CRI 1 mg/kg/h). During the OH, the propofol infusion was adjusted based on the clinical signs to maintain adequate anaesthetic depth. Selected variables were measured before (T0) and after (T1) the anaesthesia induction and during six surgical time points (T2–T7). The mean arterial pressure was higher and the heart rate was lower in MKDG at T1 (than in MKG and MKTG). The mean ± SD MIR of propofol were 17.4 ± 3.2, 15.0 ± 2.8 and 12.6 ± 3.5 mg/kg/h for MKG, MKTG, and MKDG, respectively. We conclude that, compared to midazolam-ketamine alone, midazolam-ketamine-tramadol and midazolam-ketamine-dexmedetomidine reduced the MRI of propofol by 13.8% and 27.5%, respectively, without significant changes in the selected indicators.
Chalcodemus bicolor Fiedler (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the most recent pest in Brazilian Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) plantations. Sampling in 2011 for parasitoids of this weevil recovered 4 ...Hymenoptera species, 3 in the genus Euderus (Eulophidae), comprising 98.4% of specimens, and Eurydinoteloides sp. (Pteromalidae). This is the first report of natural enemies of C. bicolor.
Contamination of the unsaturated zone, and hence, of groundwater by non-aqueous phase liquids has become a problem that arouses great concern due to the environmental damage it causes. Several ...efficient and economically beneficial techniques for the in situ treatment of contaminated soils have been applied quite frequently, including the so-called soil flushing processes. In this study, microemulsion systems were prepared using limonene, in the search for a formulation that would remove trichloroethene in soil. Limonene, a monocyclic monoterpene, is one of the main constituents of various essential oils of citrus fruits, such as oranges, tangerines and lemons. The results indicated that using a washing fluid containing 15% DL-limonene microemulsion enabled the removal of 98.85% of trichloroethene present in the soil after 30 minutes of residence time in the system. Hence, it can be concluded that the use of this microemulsion system is an interesting strategy for the remediation of soils contaminated with trichloroethene. Keywords: contaminated soil, trichloroethene, DL-limonene microemulsion, remediation
RESUMO Objetivou-se comparar os efeitos fisiológicos, analgésicos e sobre a taxa de infusão de propofol, decorrentes da anestesia epidural com lidocaína, associada ao tramadol ou à dexmedetomidina, ...em felinas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH). Para tal, 16 felinas hígidas foram pré-tratadas com acepromazina 0,08mg/kg/IM, utilizando-se propofol para a indução (dose-efeito) e manutenção anestésicas. Após indução, as gatas foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em dois grupos (n=8), designados: grupo lidocaína-tramadol (GLT), tratado com lidocaína (3,0mg/kg) associada ao tramadol (2,0mg/kg); e grupo lidocaína-dexmedetomidina (GLD), tratado com lidocaína (3,0mg/kg) associada à dexmedetomidina (2µg/kg), pela via epidural. Durante a OSH, a infusão de propofol foi aumentada ou reduzida, objetivando-se manutenção de plano anestésico cirúrgico. Foram avaliados os parâmetros: f, FC, SPO2, EtCO2, PAS, PAD, PAM, T°C, nos períodos pré (M1) e transoperatórios (M2 a M7); a taxa mínima de propofol necessária; o tempo de recuperação anestésica e a qualidade da analgesia pós-cirúrgica durante seis horas. Ambos os tratamentos garantiram baixas taxas mínimas de infusão de propofol, todavia o uso da dexmedetomidina resultou em bradicardia inicial, elevação da pressão arterial, maior tempo de recuperação e menor qualidade analgésica, quando comparada ao tramadol.
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the physiological and analgesic effects and the minimum infusion rate of propofol of epidural anesthesia with lidocaine associated to tramadol or dexmedetomidine, in cats undergoing ovariosalpingohysterectomy (OSH). For this purpose, 16 healthy cats were pretreated with acepromazine (0.08mg kg -1 IM) and propofol was used for induction (dose-effect) and maintenance of anesthesia. After induction, the cats were assigned in two randomized groups (n= 8), named: Lidocaine-tramadol group (LTG), treated with lidocaine (3mg kg -1 ) associated to tramadol (2mg kg -1 ) and Lidocaine-dexmedetomidine group (LDG), treated with lidocaine (3mg kg -1 ) associated to dexmedetomidine (2g kg -1 ), by epidural route. During OSH, propofol infusion was increased or decreased, setting to maintain surgical anesthetic depth. The parameters f, HR, SPO 2 , EtCO 2 , SAP, DAP, MAP, T°C in the pre (M1) and trans-operative periods (M2 to M7); minimum infusion rate of propofol; time of anesthetic recovery and quality of postoperative analgesia during six-hour interval, were evaluated. Both protocols provided low minimum infusion rate of propofol. However, dexmedetomidine resulted in initial bradycardia, elevated blood pressure, longer recovery time, and lower analgesic quality when compared to tramadol.
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