Regular measurement of the body surface temperature can help to assess the health status of animals. There are many technological possibilities of contactless temperature measurement of body surface. ...The important thing is to find the right part of the body whose temperature will point to the first possible symptoms and immediately react to the first signs of the disease. Disagreements about how to measure body surface temperature and accuracy of the method can occur when different measures are used. We review work showing possibilities of contactless surface temperature measurements using 1) thermography, 2) electronic transponders and 3) other possibilities of measuring the body surface temperature of dairy cattle. For example, when we scan the surface temperature with the thermal imager there can operate in individual animals confounding factors such as the nature or degree of muscular coat, which may significantly affect the results.
The registers of the use of veterinary medicines are obliged breeder and veterinarians by Decree 344/2008 Coll. law 378/2007 Coll. In the Czech Republic there are still farms where the registers of ...used medicaments and performed veterinary care are done by hand in notebooks or in paper form. As a result of the multiple data overwriting thus leads to introducing additional errors and the process information processing is considerably extended. Software for healthcare registers of animals using the same technology as the system of registration of animals Skotsoft. The introduction of the new system would facilitate the whole zootechnical registers and accelerate the entire data processing. In the event, that a customer used the registers of animals and healthcare registers, there is mutually exchanged information between systems. It is not necessary, for example, to enter basic information about the animal (identification number, date of birth, gender, etc.) into each system separately. The advantage of both systems is the same graphical interface and control.
In the experiment were detected changes of air temperature and relative humidity inside the free-stall barn. It is affecting the welfare of stabled dairy cows of two different groups according to the ...stage of lactation during the summer. The effects of microclimate individual parameters in the barn were assessed on the basis of the temperature-humidity index in relation to milk production. From the research, it was found that the animals are housed in suitable microclimate conditions barn were not subject to heat stress without major loss of milk production. The contribution includes information about the values of decrease or increase milk production, depending on the temperature-humidity index. It highlights the importance of determining the temperature-humidity index of stables. Temperature-humidity index can be a useful tool for determining of thermal stress in different sections of the barn. However, it would be appropriate this method of calculating the temperature-humidity index improved and supplemented with the other climatic factors.
The aim of the work was to obtain data and formulate knowledge about the behavioural manifestations of dairy cows in relation to the management system of feeding regime on the farm, where Holstein ...cows are bred. The observations took place on the 13 and 14 August, 2014, when the cows were observed for 24 hours continuously. The ethogram records were recorded after 1 minute and physical activity of cows, periods of rest, ruminating, eating, drinking, defecation, urination and comfort and social behaviour. Cows are herded for milking 3 times a day. It was found that within 24 hours dairy cows spend on average 10 hours by lying, 8 hours by ruminating, 20 minutes by drinking, 6 hours by eating, they defecate 14 times, urinate 6 times and walk about 430 meters. They are also scratching, licking each other and tail swiping (comfort behaviour) within 24 hours. The observations of the responses to serving food indicate that cows actively react to the passage of the food vehicle, not the passage of a piling-up tractor.
The basis for each cattle farming are healthy and strong individuals. The aim of this study was to determine which of the given feed supplements have the greatest effect on live weight gain of calves ...in the early period after weaning from mother to infant milk substitutes. The research was conducted from July 2014 to December 2014. After the birth calves were weaned into individual boxes in the barn, where during the first 21 days of life their feeding ration was enriched with feed supplements. On the basis of the added supplement calves were divided into three experimental groups and one control group. First weighing of calves was done after birth and the second after 30 days. From the results of observations it can be concluded that feed supplements are accepted positively by calves in the first days of life and have a positive beneficial effect on weight gain and general health of calves.
The breeding of dairy cattle, in terms of investment and operating costs, is the most demanding sector of livestock production. In terms of importance for agricultural enterprises and all of society, ...in most EU Member States and the Czech Republic it is one of the major agrarian sectors. Milk production in the Czech Republic has been an important source of income for farmers. For this reason, it is important to ensure an adequate level of milk production in dairy cattle herds and the resulting profit of the enterprise. At the present time in the Czech Republic, it is difficult to ensure profitability in dairy farming because input costs have a continuously rising trend, as compared to the price of milk, which is very unstable. The evaluation of selected indicators of milk yield and fertility in dairy herds is an important tool for evaluating the economics and the level of the breeding. The highest milk yield in kilograms during the first lactation was attained by dairy cows that calved at the age of 27 to 29 months (9,335 kg of milk). When utilizing the DOUBLE OVSYNCH synchronization protocol, the average calving interval was 412 days, and a higher conception rate after first insemination (43%) was found as compared to the nationwide average in the Czech Republic (34.2%).
The health status of calves is very important for the future production of meat and dairy cattle. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the dynamics of selected hematologic and biochemical parameters ...in blood plasma of calves reared in different environmental conditions. Totally 120 blood samples of calves in age of 1 to 124 days were collected. The animals came from three different breeds with different ways of rearing. The total blood parameters tested in all observed groups were in the normal range. Dynamics of selected hematologic and biochemical parameters in blood plasma of calves in all groups were relatively similar. It is evident that the calves, while preserving the basic animal hygiene conditions of livestock, can cope with the effects of different technologies of rearing and environmental conditions.
The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of specific microelements in the blood of calves in particular farm depending on the influence of selected feed supplements. In the first and in the ...second experiment the calves were divided in to four groups-3 experimental and one control. Experimental groups were filed feed supplements to support active immunity according to the methodology in the first attempt over about 2 weeks, in the second for 3 weeks. Observed data and analysis were statistically evaluated and compared with each other. The first experiment was performed from August to November 2013, the second from November 2014 to January 2015.
•The first study in the Czech Republic to measure PFASs and BFRs in serum samples.•PFOS, PFOA, PFDA and PFHxS were the most abundant compounds.•BFRs were only detected in 9% of the samples.
...Persistent organic pollutants, such as perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are widespread in the environment and most of them are bioaccumulated in wildlife and humans. The present study is the first investigation to reveal the PFAS and BFR levels of serum samples in the adult population of the Czech Republic. Altogether, 300 serum samples from blood donors in four cities were examined. In all samples 19 PFASs and 33 BFRs, including some of their metabolites, were targeted. The analyses were performed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry or gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (according to the type of analyte). PFASs, with the carbon chain length C6 and higher, dominated in all samples. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS; median: 2.43ng/mL), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; median: 0.756ng/mL), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA; median: 0.145ng/mL) and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS; median: 0.184ng/mL) were detected in 100% of samples. Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA; median: 0.325ng/mL) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA; median: 0.058ng/mL) in 99.7% and 96.0% of samples, respectively.
We observed statistically significant associations (p<0.05) between selected PFAS concentrations and the locality, gender, age of donors and education level. None of the BFRs was detected above the LOQ in more than 9% of the samples. The most frequently detected representatives of this group were congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, namely BDE-47 (in 8.7%; range: 0.496–5.44ng/g lipid weight (l.w.)), BDE-99 (in 6.0%; range: 0.706–9.46ng/g l.w.), BDE-153 (in 7.3%; range: 0.736–6.44ng/g l.w.) and BDE-209 (in 7.0%; range: 13.7–2693ng/g l.w.).
The aim of the study was to investigate genetic and biochemical background of PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A) in patients with risk pregnancies.
Five
PAPP-A gene polymorphisms and ...PAPP-A maternal serum levels were studied together in 165 women in third trimester pregnancies complicated with threatening preterm labor (n
=
98), preeclampsia (n
=
35), intrauterine growth restriction (n
=
34) and ICP (intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy) (n
=
15). 114 healthy pregnant women served as controls.
Preeclamptic patients had significantly higher frequency of TT genotype of Cys327Cys polymorphism compared to controls (p
<
0.01). Patients with ICP had increased serum levels of PAPP-A compared to controls and correlation analysis showed significant relationship between PAPP-A and CRP (C-reactive protein) in the patients with intrauterine growth restriction (r
=
0.49, p
=
0.007).
Our study indicates the association of TT genotype of Cys327Cys polymorphism of the
PAPP-A gene with preeclampsia. However, further study with larger groups of preeclamptic patients is needed to confirm our results.
►Genetic and biochemical background of PAPP-A in risk pregnancies. ►Five
PAPP-A gene polymorphisms and PAPP-A maternal serum levels were studied. ►We found association of TT genotype of Cys327Cys polymorphism with preeclampsia. ►Patients with ICP had increased serum levels of PAPP-A compared to controls. ►PAPP-A levels were correlated with CRP in the patients with IUGR.
