The CYGNO project aims to study rare events, as low-mass (few GeV) Dark Matter (DM) particle or solar neutrino interactions, exploiting the approach of the optical readout of the scintillation light ...produced in the amplification in a multiple Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) structure, of the primary ionization originated in large volume Time Projection Chamber (TPCs).
The volume is filled with an He:CF4 gas mixture at atmospheric pressure. The 3D topology, and therefore direction of the recoils, is reconstructed thanks to the combined use of high-granularity, high sensitivity sCMOS cameras, for the precise tracking of the projection of the recoils on the GEM plane, and of fast light sensors in order to obtain the coordinate perpendicular to the camera plane.
To conclude the R&D phase, the 50 L prototype, called Long Imaging ModulE (LIME), was moved underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in order to study the performance of the CYGNO experimental approach in a low background environment and to assess the contributions to the background from different sources, also comparing with Monte Carlo simulations.
Stability studies and the effects of environmental condition on the light yield will be discussed, focusing on the effect of humidity on the detector response and stability amount and rate of self-sustaining micro-discharges. This is a crucial step towards the development of a large demonstrator.
•A TPC filled with a gas mixture based on light atoms as target.•The combined usage of PMTs and sCMOS camera enables the 3D tracks reconstruction.•Studies on the effects of environmental condition on the light yield.
Antonietti R., Ferrante M. R. and Leoncini R. Spatial agglomeration, production technology and the choice to make and/or buy: empirical evidence from the Emilia Romagna machine tool industry, ...Regional Studies. Using a new firm-level dataset, the decision, and relative intensity, to source either fully or partially production activities by small mechanical firms in the Emilia Romagna region of Italy is analysed. A hurdle negative binomial model is estimated, controlling for endogeneity and composition of the production process. Full outsourcing is positively related to the share of skilled personnel, the presence abroad and the employment density in neighbouring firms. Concurrent sourcing is affected by firm size, age and labour cost. The insensitivity of concurrent outsourcing to the industry's spatial concentration reflects the lower transaction costs compared with full outsourcing.
This paper explores the relation between vertical disintegration and the co-localization of knowledge intensive business service (Kibs) firms in the metropolitan region of Milan, using ...micro-geographic data and nonparametric methods. Our main results are that: (i) compared to other manufacturing and service industries, Kibs firms show a “natural tendency” to cluster; (ii) this tendency increases with the degree of vertical disintegration of Kibs firms.
► We explore the relation between vertical disintegration and KIBS spatial co-localization. ► We use microgeographic data and nonparametric techniques. ►Kibs firms show a strong tendency to cluster. ► The higher is Kibs vertical disintegration the stronger is their tendency to cluster.
By exploiting a new and rich firm-level dataset, we provide some evidence on labour demand by Italian manufacturing firms, with a focus on high school graduates, and we estimate the factors ...underlying the decision to engage in work-based training, as well as its relative intensity. Relying on a job competition mechanism of skill formation, we stress the role of the strategic complementarity between innovation and firm organization. Our results show that training propensity is affected by firm size, capital intensity, skill composition, R&D, investments in new machinery and organizational change following technological change. No relevant effects emerge from labour cost and internationalization activities. These results hold particularly for the decision to provide both formal and informal training together. Finally, R&D and techno-organizational innovations also affect the intensity of training, both in terms of training costs and in terms of the employment share of trainees.
The CYGNO experiment aims to build a large ($\mathcal{O}(10)$ m$^3$)
directional detector for rare event searches, such as nuclear recoils (NRs)
induced by dark matter (DM), such as weakly ...interactive massive particles
(WIMPs). The detector concept comprises a time projection chamber (TPC), filled
with a He:CF$_4$ 60/40 scintillating gas mixture at room temperature and
atmospheric pressure, equipped with an amplification stage made of a stack of
three gas electron multipliers (GEMs) which are coupled to an optical readout.
The latter consists in scientific CMOS (sCMOS) cameras and photomultipliers
tubes (PMTs). The maximisation of the light yield of the amplification stage
plays a major role in the determination of the energy threshold of the
experiment. In this paper, we simulate the effect of the addition of a strong
electric field below the last GEM plane on the GEM field structure and we
experimentally test it by means of a 10$\times$10 cm$^2$ readout area
prototype. The experimental measurements analyse stacks of different GEMs and
helium concentrations in the gas mixture combined with this extra electric
field, studying their performances in terms of light yield, energy resolution
and intrinsic diffusion. It is found that the use of this additional electric
field permits large light yield increases without degrading intrinsic
characteristics of the amplification stage with respect to the regular use of
GEMs.
The presence of redundant information in the 13 usual parameters used for water quality control is verified by means of principal component analysis (PCA). Four parameters (pH, conductivity, COD and ...total plate count at 20°C) produce a classification pattern very close to the ones obtained with eight and 13 parameters. Data collected after 20 years describe an environmental situation very close to that described in 1972.
The CYGNO experiment aims to build a large (\(\mathcal{O}(10)\) m\(^3\)) directional detector for rare event searches, such as nuclear recoils (NRs) induced by dark matter (DM), such as weakly ...interactive massive particles (WIMPs). The detector concept comprises a time projection chamber (TPC), filled with a He:CF\(_4\) 60/40 scintillating gas mixture at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, equipped with an amplification stage made of a stack of three gas electron multipliers (GEMs) which are coupled to an optical readout. The latter consists in scientific CMOS (sCMOS) cameras and photomultipliers tubes (PMTs). The maximisation of the light yield of the amplification stage plays a major role in the determination of the energy threshold of the experiment. In this paper, we simulate the effect of the addition of a strong electric field below the last GEM plane on the GEM field structure and we experimentally test it by means of a 10\(\times\)10 cm\(^2\) readout area prototype. The experimental measurements analyse stacks of different GEMs and helium concentrations in the gas mixture combined with this extra electric field, studying their performances in terms of light yield, energy resolution and intrinsic diffusion. It is found that the use of this additional electric field permits large light yield increases without degrading intrinsic characteristics of the amplification stage with respect to the regular use of GEMs.
