Abstract
Background
Intersectoral collaboration in the context of the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases has been broadly described in both the literature and the current global strategy ...by the World Health Organization. Our aim was to develop a framework that will distill the currently known multiple models of collaboration.
Methods
Qualitative content analysis and logic modeling of data abstracted from 69 studies included in a scoping review done by the authors were used to develop 9 recommendation statements that summarized the composition and attributes of multisectoral approaches, which were then subjected to a modified Delphi process with 6 experts in the fields of health policy and infectious diseases.
Results
Consensus for all statements was achieved during the first round. The recommendation statements were on (1–3) sectoral engagement to supplement government efforts and augment public financing; (4) development of interventions for most systems levels; (5–6) investment in human resource, including training; (7–8) intersectoral action to implement strategies and ensure sustainability of initiatives; and (9) research to support prevention and control efforts.
Conclusions
The core of intersectoral action to prevent vector-borne diseases is collaboration among multiple stakeholders to develop, implement, and evaluate initiatives at multiple levels of intervention.
Policy encouraging healthcare intrapartum/delivery care is critical to accelerating the decline in maternal mortality. The study analyzes intrapartum/delivery care factors in Indonesia and the ...Philippines.
The investigation included 15,346 Indonesian and 7992 Filipino women (ages 15 to 49 who delivered during the previous five years). Aside from the location of intrapartum/delivery care as a dependent variable, additional factors investigated included domicile, marital status, age, occupation, education, parity, wealth, and ANC—the conclusion of the study utilizing binary logistic regression.
Women in both countries predominantly do healthcare intrapartum/delivery care. Both countries' urban women are more likely to receive intrapartum/delivery care than rural women. The higher the amount of schooling, the greater the likelihood of receiving intrapartum/delivery care. The lower the parity, the higher the chance to do healthcare intrapartum/delivery care. The higher the wealth position, the greater the likelihood of receiving intrapartum/delivery care. Furthermore, women in both nations who had four or more antenatal visits were more likely to receive intrapartum/delivery care.
The study concluded five factors related to healthcare intrapartum/delivery care in the Philippines: residence, education, parity, wealth, and ANC. Meanwhile, there are six factors related to healthcare intrapartum/delivery care in Indonesia: place, age, education, parity, wealth, and ANC.
•The study analyzes factors related to delivery care in Indonesia and the Philippines.•Women in two countries predominantly do healthcare delivery care.•Related factors in the Philippines are place, education, parity, wealth, and ANC.•Related factors in Indonesia are place, age, education, parity, wealth, and ANC.
This paper documents and evaluates the Philippine training course for physicians on the assessment and management of drug dependence to provide a model by which other groups may approach capacity ...development for drug-dependence rehabilitation. Using a case study approach, training-related documents and records for all training activities conducted between 2013 and 2017 were retrieved and reviewed to describe the training process and training outputs. The basic training course is a two-week, locally-developed program of five modules that covers the theoretical and practical aspects of the assessment and management of drug dependence. A total of 208 physicians from across the country were trained and accredited between 2013 and 2017. Paired-samples t-test on the examination scores of 136 participants showed that there was a significant difference in the pre-test (29.71 ± 3.95) and the post-test (40.31 ± 4.90) scores; t(135) = 22.4797, p = <0.0001.
Rehabilitation for persons who use drugs in the Philippines is premised on a multidisciplinary team approach to treatment, where delivery of services is collaboratively undertaken by physicians and ...rehabilitation practitioners. In 2013, a government-academe-civil society collaborative developed a customized training program for nurses, psychologists, social workers and other personnel involved in rehabilitation work. This 10-day accreditation course covered modules on understanding drug dependence, assessment, management of drug abuse and dependence, and drug rehabilitation work. Participants also had the opportunity to handle cases through a practicum. Between 2013 and 2016, eight training sessions were implemented for 252 rehabilitation practitioners from almost all of the Philippines' administrative regions. A paired-samples t-test showed that there was a significant difference in the pre-test (24.58 ± 4.08) and post-test scores (30.37 ± 4.66) of participants to the training, t(152) = 16.5949, p = <0.0001.
The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 provides an up-to-date analysis of the burden of diarrhoea in 195 countries. This study assesses cases, deaths, and ...aetiologies in 1990–2016 and assesses how the burden of diarrhoea has changed in people of all ages.
We modelled diarrhoea mortality with a Bayesian hierarchical modelling platform that evaluates a wide range of covariates and model types on the basis of vital registration and verbal autopsy data. We modelled diarrhoea incidence with a compartmental meta-regression tool that enforces an association between incidence and prevalence, and relies on scientific literature, population representative surveys, and health-care data. Diarrhoea deaths and episodes were attributed to 13 pathogens by use of a counterfactual population attributable fraction approach. Diarrhoea risk factors are also based on counterfactual estimates of risk exposure and the association between the risk and diarrhoea. Each modelled estimate accounted for uncertainty.
In 2016, diarrhoea was the eighth leading cause of death among all ages (1 655 944 deaths, 95% uncertainty interval UI 1 244 073–2 366 552) and the fifth leading cause of death among children younger than 5 years (446 000 deaths, 390 894–504 613). Rotavirus was the leading aetiology for diarrhoea mortality among children younger than 5 years (128 515 deaths, 105 138–155 133) and among all ages (228 047 deaths, 183 526–292 737). Childhood wasting (low weight-for-height score), unsafe water, and unsafe sanitation were the leading risk factors for diarrhoea, responsible for 80·4% (95% UI 68·2–85·0), 72·1% (34·0–91·4), and 56·4% (49·3–62·7) of diarrhoea deaths in children younger than 5 years, respectively. Prevention of wasting in 1762 children (95% UI 1521–2170) could avert one death from diarrhoea.
Substantial progress has been made globally in reducing the burden of diarrhoeal diseases, driven by decreases in several primary risk factors. However, this reduction has not been equal across locations, and burden among adults older than 70 years requires attention.
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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