Plants are one of the best sources to obtain a variety of natural surfactants in the field of green synthesizing material. Sambucus ebulus, which has unique natural properties, has been considered a ...promising material in traditional Asian medicine. In this context, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared using S. ebulus leaf extract, and their physicochemical properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the prepared ZnO NPs are highly crystalline, having a wurtzite crystal structure. The average crystallite size of prepared NPs was around 17 nm. Green synthesized NPs showed excellent absorption in the UV region as well as strong yellow-orange emission at room temperature. Prepared nanoparticles exhibited good antibacterial activity against various organisms and a passable photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye pollutants. The obtained results demonstrated that the biosynthesized ZnO NPs reveal interesting characteristics for various potential applications in the future.
Steroid-associated osteonecrosis (SAON) is a chronic disease that leads to the destruction and collapse of bone near the joint that is subjected to weight bearing, ultimately resulting in a loss of ...hip and knee function. Zn
ions, as an essential trace element, have functional roles in improving the immunophysiological cellular environment, accelerating bone regeneration, and inhibiting biofilm formation. In this study, we reconstruct SAON lesions with a three-dimensional (3D)-a printed composite made of poly (epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and nanoparticulate Willemite (npW). Rabbit bone marrow stem cells were used to evaluate the cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation capability of the PCL/npW composite scaffolds. The 2-month bone regeneration was assessed by a Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan and the expression of bone regeneration proteins by Western blot. Compared with the neat PCL group, PCL/npW scaffolds exhibited significantly increased cytocompatibility and osteogenic activity. This finding reveals a new concept for the design of a 3D-printed PCL/npW composite-based bone substitute for the early treatment of osteonecrosis defects.
In this research, graphene oxide-zinc oxide nanocomposite film (GO-ZnO) was prepared by cost-effective solvothermal, spin-spray coating methods and studied for its UV sensing properties. I-V curve of ...prepared nanocomposite was recorded under illumination of an ultraviolet lamp. SEM and TEM images indicated the layer formation of GO and showed a uniform distribution of ZnO nanoparticles into GO nanosheets. XRD, Raman and EDX results indicated characteristic peaks of GO, ZnO and related elements in composite. For the first time based on ion beam induced luminescence (IBIL) study, GO-ZnO nanocomposite exhibited strong light emission in the UV-blue range at room temperature. The photoluminescence and IBIL investigations indicated that the optical quality of the GO-ZnO nanocomposite was improved compared with pure ZnO. The sensitivity in GO-ZnO composite and ZnO sample for VBias = 5 v was obtained about 24 and 3 respectively. The GO-ZnO nanocomposite with ZnO particle size of 20–30 nm showed higher sensitivity and faster response time as compared to bare ZnO. According to obtained results, it is anticipated that GO-ZnO nanocomposite would hold suitable potential for application in UV–Vis optoelectronic devices.
•GO-ZnO nanocomposite was prepared successfully.•Prepared nanocomposite exhibited strong UV-blue emission peak under photo and ion beam excitation at room temperature.•GO-ZnO composite showed suitable response for UV detection.
•Pure and Ce doped ZnO/CWO nanocomposite was prepared successfully via a cost-effective method.•ZnO/CWO: Ce nanocomposite showed highly sensitivity against ionizing irradiation for photonics ...applications.•Prepared nanocomposite had strong luminescence under ultraviolet and ion beam irradiation at room temperature.
Pure and cerium doped zinc oxide/cadmium tungstate (ZnO/CdWO4: Ce) nanocomposites were synthesized by an affordable route. Various approaches were applied to study the structural and optical features of prepared samples. For the first time, ionization radiation responses of ZnO/CdWO4: Ce nanocomposites were investigated using 241Am source and ionoluminescence measurements. Under a Xe source of radiation, photocurrent transient responses of produced nanocomposites were also detected. Doped nanocomposite showed strong emission in the blue-green range and excellent photosensitivity at room temperature compared to pure samples. The average diameter particle size of nanoparticles was in the range of 102–168 nm. Results from XRD, XPS, FTIR, and EDX verified the presence of ZnO, CdWO4, chemical bindings, and associated components in the composites. Obtained results showed that the optical response of the ZnO/CWO: Ce nanocomposite was improved when compared with bare ZnO, CdWO4, and pure ZnO/CdWO4; as a result, the synthesized nanocomposite is expected to have promising applications in optoelectronic devices.
The effects of new treatments must be investigated in vitro before using clinically or in vivo. The aim of this study was to introduce the Z-scan technique as a fast, accurate, inexpensive, and safe ...in vitro method to distinguish the cytotoxic effects of various treatments. C6 and OLN-93 cell lines were prepared and treated with Temozolomide (TMZ), radiofrequency hyperthermia (HT), and chemo-hyperthermia (HT+TMZ). The cytotoxic effects of different treatments on both cell lines were evaluated using colony formation assay and Z-scan method. The results of colony assay showed that the surviving fraction (SF) of C6 cells treated with TMZ, HT, and HT + TMZ were significantly decreased compared to the control group. Whereas, hyperthermia treatment had no significant effect on the SF of OLN-93 cells. The results of Z-scan technique indicated that the control group of C6 cells had the negative nonlinear refractive index (
n
2
). Whereas, the C6 cells treated with HT, TMZ, and HT + TMZ had the positive
n
2
index. The sign of
n
2
index in the control and HT groups of OLN-93 cells was positive but treatment of cells with TMZ and HT + TMZ changed the sign of it. Moreover, with increasing the cytotoxic effects of different treatments, the SF value of both cell lines decreased and the magnitude of
n
2
index increased. The results of Z-scan technique were completely in line with the results of colony assay. Therefore, Z-scan method could distinguish the cytotoxic effects of various treatments by examining the nonlinear optical properties of the samples.
Hyperthermia treatment can induce component changes on cell. This study explored the potential of Z-scan to improve accuracy in the identification of subtle differences in mouse colon cancer cell ...line CT26 during hyperthermia treatment. Twenty-one samples were subjected individually to treatment of hyperthermia at 41, 43, and 45 °C. Each hyperthermia treatment was done in six different time (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min). Two optical setups were used to investigate the linear and nonlinear optical behavior of samples. Prior to the Z-scan technique, all samples were fixed with 1 mL of 5% paraformaldehyde. The linear optical setup indicated that extinction coefficient cannot monitor cell changes at different treatment regimes. But the nonlinear behavior of CT26 in all hyperthermia treatment regimens was different. By increasing the time and/or temperature of hyperthermia treatments, change in the sign of nonlinear refractive index from negative to positive occurred in earlier time intervals. This phenomenon was seen for 41, 43, and 45 °C in 75, 60, and 45 min, respectively. The results showed that the Z-scan technique is a reliable method with the potential to characterize cell changes during hyperthermia treatment regimes. Nonlinear refractive index can be used as a new index for evaluation of cell damage.
Since creatinine reflects the Kidneys function in the human body, the accurate measuring methods to assess the concentration of creatinine in blood plasma are important. Colorimetric method is ...usually used to measure the concentration of creatinine in blood plasma. In this paper, we have applied Z-scan technique to investigate the nonlinear behavior of creatinine of blood plasma. The samples include different concentrations of creatinine. The concentration of creatinine directly changes the nonlinear refractive index of samples. As a result, this method can be used to measure the creatinine concentration of blood plasma.
In this study, the scintillation and optical properties of pure and silver doped potassium chloride (KCl:Ag) single crystals were reported. Pure and doped KCl bulk single crystals with a good optical ...quality and free from cracks were grown from the melt using Czochralski technique. Different analysis methods were used to study the optical and scintillation properties of the grown crystals. The XRD, EDX and SEM results confirmed the formation of KCl compound. The UV excitation, X and gamma rays were employed to evaluate the scintillation and optical properties of the synthesized samples. The X-ray induced luminescence spectrum of doped crystal showed the prominent blue emission at 400-460 nm wavelength region. Also, the thermoluminescence response of doped sample showed a strong TL glow peak at 200 and proper linear ranges as a function of dose making it a promising candidate for dosimetry and photonic applications.
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•Nonlinear refractive index is proposed as a useful indicator for cell damage detection.•Z-scan technique can be used as an auxiliary technique for cytotoxicity assessments.•Z-scan ...technique also enables to determine whether or not a nanocomplex is internalized into the cells.•This technique may be considered by the nano-bio-technologists as a rapid and inexpensive endpoint test.
Current methods for determining the cellular effects of a treatment modality need expensive materials and much time to provide a researcher with results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of nonlinear optical characteristics of cancer cells using Z-scan technique to monitor the level of cellular uptake and cell damage caused by a nanotechnology based treatment modality. Two nanocomplexes were synthesized and characterized. The first one was made of alginate hydrogel co-loaded with cisplatin and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) named as ACA nanocomplex. The second one, named as AA nanocomplex, was the same as ACA, but without cisplatin and this AA nanocomplex was considered as the control for ACA. Different groups of CT26 mouse colon cancer cell line received various treatments of cisplatin, ACA, and AA nanocomplexes and then the samples were prepared for Z-scan studies. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity induced by different treatment modalities. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used for qualitative and quantitative assessments of the level of AuNPs cellular uptake. The trend of nonlinear optical properties changes for treated cells was in agreement with MTT, TEM and ICP-MS results. Z-scan technique was able to successfully indicate the occurrence of cell damage. It was also capable to determine the intensity of cell damage induced by ACA nanocomplex in comparison to free cisplatin. Furthermore, Z-scan results showed that it was able to discriminate the differences of optical properties of the cells incubated with ACA nanocomplex for various incubation times. Nonlinear optical characteristics of a cell may be considered as a reliable indicator to predict the level of cellular effects induced by a nanotechnology based treatment modality. The protocol suggested in this article does not waste materials, not take much time to provide the results, and it is inexpensive technique.
Highlights • Morphological change of cancerous tissue can help to discriminate malignant from benign tissues. • Biolayers have been investigated by CW He-Ne laser. • Z-scan technique has been used to ...investigate nonlinear optical behavior of micro-sized biolayers. • Nonlinear refractive index of benign samples was negative, while positive for malignant samples.
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