Membrane electrode assemblies of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) with different catalyst and ionomer loading were prepared. Anode performance and impedance spectra were measured to clarify the ...characteristics of vapor feed DMFCs (VF-DMFCs). The impedance spectra were deconvolved into three semi-circles with different time constants, each showing a different dependence on the anodic polarization. The middle-frequency range arc decreased as the anodic polarization increased, indicating that this process represents the oxidation reaction of methanol. The high-frequency range arc showed little dependence on the anodic polarization, but increased with the thickness of the electrode, indicating that this process might be related to proton conduction through the electrode. The low-frequency range arc was observed only when the methanol concentration was low, in contrast to liquid feed DMFCs (LF-DMFCs), for which the removal of the product gas presents a large resistance. A simpler design can therefore be used for a VF-DMFC, giving it an advantage over an LF-DMFC. A decreasing ionomer to catalyst ratio (
I/
C) caused the interfacial conductivity (
σ
E) to increase, but it intensively decreased when
I/
C was below 0.25. Thus, the connection of the catalysts is important for the anode’s performance.
Diabetes mellitus (hereafter called diabetes) is considered to accelerate arteriosclerosis leading to coronary heart disease and stroke. Thus, it is important to quantitatively estimate the extent of ...subclinical arteriosclerosis. A new method called cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is developed to reflect arterial stiffness independently from blood pressure at the time of measurement. Then, we examined if CAVI scores could discriminate the extent of arteriosclerosis between persons with prediabetes (or borderline diabetes) and with diabetes among Japanese urban workers and their families.
Subjects were 9881 men and 12033 women of company employees and their families who participated in cardiovascular disease screening in Japan. Persons having diabetes and prediabetes were defined based on the criteria set by American Diabetes Association. CAVI scores were measured by VaSera VS-1000. We applied the established age-sex specific cutoff points of CAVI scores above which were determined to be abnormally high or advanced level of arteriosclerosis. To examine the association of prediabetes and diabetes with CAVI scores, CAVI scores of screening participants were converted to a binary variable: 1 for less than cutoff points and 2 for equal or greater than cutoff points or abnormally high CAVI scores. Logistic regression method was used to examine the association of prediabetes and diabetes with CAVI scores after adjusting for major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.
Prevalence of abnormally high CAVI scores was significantly higher after 40 years of age among persons with diabetes than either among persons with prediabetes or among normal persons in both genders. Significantly elevated odds ratios (ORs) of abnormally high CAVI scores appeared among persons with prediabetes: 1.29 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.11-1.48) for men and 1.14 (CI, 1.01-1.28) for women, and among persons with diabetes: 2.41 (CI, 1.97-2.95) for men and 2.52 (CI, 1.94-3.28) for women.
The extent of subclinical arteriosclerosis (including arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis) was moderately enhanced among persons with prediabetes and was further advanced among persons with diabetes. Thus, it is important to introduce earlier interventions for changing lifestyle and diet of persons with prediabetes in order to prevent them from developing diabetes and further advancing arteriosclerosis.
Objective Japan Health Promotion Foundation (JHPF) has been conducting the metabolic syndrome prevention screening since fiscal year 2008. The objective of this study is to compare the metabolic ...syndrome indicators (MSIs) between the 2008 and 2016 cross-sectional screening data. Subjects Subjects were 18,472 screening participants (14,285 men ages 46±10.97 years and 4,197 women ages 41.14±10.15 years) in fiscal year 2008 and 22,948 screening participants (17,846 men ages 45.98±12.06 years and 5,102 women ages 41.26±10.87 years) in fiscal year 2016 who were participants in the JHPF program sent from the Chamber of Commerce and large companies in major cities. Methods Comparisons between 2008 and 2016 were made on MSIs including waist measurements, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, serum blood glucose, and HbA1c. Results Seven MSI averages in men and 6 MSI averages in women were lower in 2016 than in 2008. According to the waist size, 7 MSI averages with waist <85cm and 7 MSIs with waist ≥85cm among men were lower in 2016 than 2008, while 7 MSI averages with waist <90cm and 3 MSIs with waist ≥90cm among women were lower in 2016 than 2008. Conclusion It is considered that screening of MSIs is effective since most MSIs' averages were significantly decreased from 2008 to 2016.
Objective : The insured persons are obligated to participate in special health examination under “The Law Guaranteeing Health Care for the Elderly” enforced by the Ministry of Health, Labour and ...Welfare. The Ministry has set a goal to achieve such participation rates to 70% in 2012 and 80% in 2015. However, the mobile health screening system has been suffering from a low screening participation rate despite its inclusion of high percentage of persons with abnormal screening results. Thus, we examined the effectiveness of our proposed new screening system which is considered to increase its participation rate. Method : Study subjects were 1, 193 wives and dependents of employees who are members of F Health Insurance Union. We conducted self-administered health screening of chronic diseases (of which reliability and validity has been confirmed by other screening organizations) both through the home screening and through the mobile screening. Then, we compared screening participation rates, age composition and abnormal results. Also, we examined those in another population. Results : About thirty percent of members of F Health Insurance Union participated in health screening and more persons under 50 years of age through the home screening participated in health examination than through the mobile screening. Rates of those recommended for re-testing among persons taken health examination through the home screening were 1.9 times higher in urinalysis, 4.1 times higher in kidney analysis, and 5.4 times higher in glucose analysis for diabetes than among those taken tests through the mobile screening. Furthermore, rates of those recommended for the secondary examination among persons taken health examination through the home screening were 3.6 times higher in liver analysis and 10.8 times higher in glucose analysis for diabetes than among those taken tests through the mobile screening. The same trend was observed in another population in which we investigated. Conclusion : It is concluded that conducting health examination both through the mobile screening and through the home screening among wives and dependents of the insured employees is more effective than conducting health examination through the mobile screening only based on our study results.
Using the schlieren cylindrical lens method, diffusion coefficients were measured at 298.2 K for eight kinds of phenols in aqueous solutions of methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol. The data were ...compared with the estimated values from the Leffler-Cullinan correlation. The mean deviation of the estimated values from the observed ones was found to be 6%.
As one of the methods of measuring the pore distributions, the equilibrium moisture content curve of porous powder was investigated owing to the facility in the measurement. A simple and reasonable ...method was developed for calculating the distribution from an adsorption isotherm. It was shown that the distribution could be evaluated by an equation which contained two coefficients. The coefficients depend only on the characteristics of adsorbate, and these values can be calculated from a t-curve. Since it seemed impossible to measure t-curve on the equilibrium moisture content, the t-curve on water vapor adsorption was determined instead of that on moisture content. It was then shown feasible to apply the curve for pore distribution analysis by the equilibrium moisture content curve.
To contribute to the interpretation of liquid-phase adsorption, diffusion coefficients were measured for many kinds of aromatic compounds in water, methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol at 298.2 K by the ...schlieren cylindrical lens method. The data were compared with estimated values from the Wilke-Chang correlation. It is shown that the diffusivities of phenols and aromatic amines are smaller than the estimated values, while those of sulfonic acids are larger. The mean deviation of the estimated values from the observed ones was found to be 11 % in the aqueous solutions and 23 % in the alcohols.
Gas Solubilities in Esters of Oleic Acid Arai, Chikao; Yoshitama, Takuo; Nishihara, Kenji ...
KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU,
1989/11/10, Letnik:
15, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Experimental data were obtained for the solubilities of helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide in methyl, ethyl and n-butyl esters of oleic acid. In the range from 273.2 to 343.2 K, ...Henry constants of helium, hydrogen and nitrogen decrease with increase in temperature, but that of carbon dioxide increases. The temperature dependence of Henry constant is represented by the following equation for n-butyl oleate : ln H=B1/T+B2 ln T+B3T+B4
The method of determining the liquid phase surface diffusivity based on the parallel diffusion model was presented. The model can be described in the form with two parameters, X and Y. X is defined ...as the ratio of the porosity to the tortuosity factor as a parameter of the adsorbant, and Y is the ratio of surface diffusivity, Ds to diffusivity, DL of the solute in a solution. It was shown that an objective function to identify the model with an experimental adsorption rate has a minimum value on a line with respect to X and Y, in contrast to the results of having a minimum value at a point in several papers. The tortuosity factor was measured using methanol as a solvent to inhibit the contribution of surface diffusion. For the measurement of surface diffusivity aqueous solutions were used, then the diffusivity was evaluated from both the tortuosity factor and the line decided by the objective function. The diffusivities and amount of equilibrium adsorbed, qe were correlated by the form, DS/DL=αqeβ, where α and β are experimental coefficients.
PDF
