An observational cross-sectional study was conducted to examine multidimensional frailty and its potential impact on quality of life (QOL) in aging Hispanic people living with HIV (PLWH) and assess ...the extent to which HIV self-management moderates this association. The sample included 120 Hispanic PLWH aged 50 years and older (M = 59.11; SD = 7.04). The structural equation modeling analyses demonstrated that multidimensional frailty was significantly related to QOL in its two dimensions, physical and mental (p < .001). The relationship between multidimensional frailty and mental and physical QOL remained significant even after controlling for confounders (age and gender). The moderator analyses indicated no statistically significant moderator effect of HIV self-management on multidimensional frailty and mental or physical QOL. These study results have practical implications that highlight the need for early screening for frailty with a multidimensional focus. Age-appropriate and culturally tailored interventions to prevent or mitigate multidimensional frailty may improve QOL.
Gas exchange rates and quality changes of feijoa fruit (
Acca sellowiana, cv. Unique) stored at 5
°C under 16 different controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions were monitored to identify the commercial ...potential of CA to extend the storage life. A combination of low O
2 and low CO
2 provided the largest benefit in reducing weight loss (from 1.7 to 1.2%), reducing the change in hue values (from 4° to 2°) and reducing the incidence of blemished fruit (from 30 to 20%) as compared to regular air storage.
Identifying both Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related and co-morbid symptoms experienced by people living with HIV (PLWH) who are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment is a major ...challenge for healthcare providers globally. Yet, little research to date has examined the symptoms of illness experienced by PLWH including patients living in Central and South American. To address this gap, this study was designed to identify symptoms of HIV by socio-demographic and/or clinical characteristics among Chilean patients living with the virus. A convenience sample of 209 Chilean PLWH was recruited from an outpatient clinic in Santiago, Chile. A structured interview was used to elicit socio-demographic information and HIV symptoms status. Additional clinical information was obtained through a review of the participants' medical records. Results show that patients' most commonly reported HIV-related symptoms were fear/worries (66%), anxiety (52%), gas/bloating (50%), and thirst (50%). Multivariate analysis revealed a positive association between the number of reported HIV-related symptoms and number of years living with HIV. Having completed college was negatively associated with number of symptoms. Latent class analysis indicated that PLWH in the sample who had completed college were two times more likely to experience a mild intensity of HIV-related symptoms than their lesser educated counterparts. Similarly, logistic regression revealed that college-educated PLWH were twice as likely to be classified in the subgroup reporting mild intensity of symptoms than those who lacked a college degree. Overall, the study's results reveal that many Chilean PLWH, even those with high CD4 counts and low or undetectable viral loads, are not symptom free. The findings point to the need for clinicians to tailor a plan of care for individuals living with HIV that is based on their symptomatology.
•No scoping review has addressed frailty on Hispanics living in the U.S.•1030 articles were identified and 37 articles were included in the scoping review.•Most studies were longitudinal and used the ...Fried Frailty Phenotype.•Overall prevalence of frailty among Hispanics ranges from 4.3% to 37.1% (n= 20).•Further research is needed that targets Hispanics from different backgrounds.
A scoping review was conducted to identify the available evidence about frailty among older Hispanics living in the U.S. using the Integral Model of Frailty. A not time-limited search was conducted in five peer-reviewed databases. Identified factors associated with frailty among older Hispanics are presented in four categories: (1) Characteristics and prevalence of frailty, (2) Life course determinants of frailty, (3) Comorbidities associated with frailty, and (4) Adverse outcomes of frailty. A total of 1030 articles were identified, and 37 articles were included in the scoping review. Most studies measured frailty based on the Fried Frailty Phenotype (59.5%, n= 22) and had a longitudinal design (64.9%, n= 24). The overall prevalence of frailty among Hispanics ranged from 4.3% to 37.1% (n= 20 studies). Further research is needed that targets Hispanics from different backgrounds in the U.S., particularly those that are high in number (i.e., Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Central Americans).
Metastatic melanoma is a deadly cancer that fails to respond to conventional
chemotherapy and is poorly understood at the molecular level.
p53 mutations often occur in aggressive and chemoresistant ...cancers but
are rarely observed in melanoma. Here we show that metastatic
melanomas often lose Apaf-1, a cell-death effector that acts with cytochrome
c and caspase-9 to mediate p53-dependent apoptosis. Loss
of Apaf-1 expression is accompanied by allelic loss in metastatic melanomas,
but can be recovered in melanoma cell lines by treatment with the methylation
inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5aza2dC). Apaf-1-negative melanomas
are invariably chemoresistant and are unable to execute a typical apoptotic
programme in response to p53 activation. Restoring physiological levels of
Apaf-1 through gene transfer or 5aza2dC treatment markedly enhances chemosensitivity
and rescues the apoptotic defects associated with Apaf-1 loss. We conclude
that Apaf-1 is inactivated in metastatic melanomas, which leads to defects
in the execution of apoptotic cell death. Apaf-1 loss may contribute to the
low frequency of p53 mutations observed in this highly chemoresistant
tumour type.
This work presents the experience developed by the Radioisotope Metrology Laboratory (LMR), of the Argentine National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), as result of the accreditation process of the ...Quality System by ISO 17025 Standard. Considering the LMR as a calibration laboratory, services of secondary activity determinations and calibration of activimeters used in Nuclear Medicine were accredited. A peer review of the
(
α
/
β
)
-
γ
coincidence system was also carried out. This work shows in detail the structure of the quality system, the results of the accrediting audit and gives the number of non-conformities detected and of observations made which have all been resolved.
The effects of pituitary-derived melanocortin peptides are primarily attributed to ACTH-mediated adrenocortical glucocorticoid production. Identification of a widely distributed receptor for ACTH/MSH ...peptides, the melanocortin-5 receptor (MC5-R), suggested nonsteroidally mediated systemic effects of these peptides. Targeted disruption of the MC5-R produced mice with a severe defect in water repulsion and thermoregulation due to decreased production of sebaceous lipids. High levels of MC5-R was found in multiple exocrine tissues, including Harderian, preputial, lacrimal, and sebaceous glands, and was also shown to be required for production and stress-regulated synthesis of porphyrins by the Harderian gland and ACTH/MSH-regulated protein secretion by the lacrimal gland. These data show a requirement for the MC5-R in multiple exocrine glands for the production of numerous products, indicative of a coordinated system for regulation of exocrine gland function by melanocortin peptides.
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