The elimination of human viruses, phages, bacteria and
Cryptosporidium oocysts by a new generation commercial
Aquaguard purifier for the domestic treatment of drinking water, has been evaluated. The ...unit basically consists of a candle prefilter, activated carbon filter and ultraviolet irradiation compartment. Drinking water seeded with selected laboratory test strains of resistant micro-organisms was passed through the unit. Similar tests were carried out with sewage-contaminated river water and secondary treated waste water containing naturally occurring organisms. Test procedures were based on internationally accepted principles for the evaluation of point-of-use water treatment units, including a standard test protocol of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Reduction in numbers of seeded test organisms at several log levels higher than those expected in water for which the unit is intended, was determined by the cultivation of viable organisms. In the case of seeded viruses and
Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts the qualitative absence of nucleic acid was determined by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At the design flow rate of one litre per minute, numbers of polio, hepatitis A, adeno types 2 and 41, rota SA11, human rota and astro viruses, as well as somatic and MS2 coliphages, and
Escherichia coli. Streptococcus faecalis, Clostridium perfringens, total coliform bacteria, enterococci, heterotrophic bacteria and
C. parvum oocysts, were reduced by more than 99.999 % in all waters tested. This efficiency conforms to specifications for such units. The quality of the treated water was well within microbiological limits of international specifications for drinking water.
Die Entfernung menschlicher Viren, Phagen, Bakterien und
Cryptosporidium Oozysten durch eine neue Generation von
Aquaguard Handelsgeräten fýr die Trinkwasser Aufbereitung im Privathaushalt, wurde untersucht. Das Gerät besteht im Prinzip aus einem Vorfilter, einem Aktivkohlefilter und einer Kammer fýr Ultraviolettbestrahlung. Trinkwasser ist mit ausgewählten Laborstämmen von resistenten Mikroorganismen beimpft und mit dem Gerät behandelt worden. Die Entfernung natýrlich vorkommender Mikroorganismen aus mit Abwasser kontaminiertem Flußwasser und aus sekundär behandeltem Abwasser wurde gleicherweise bestimmt. Die Untersuchungsverfahren beruhten auf Prinzipien die international, einschließlich eines Standardverfahrens der United States Environmental Protection Agency fýr die Überprýfung solcher Point-of-Use Geräte, anerkannt werden. Die Zahl der Mikroorganismen, die eingeimpft worden sind, war einige zehnmal höher als die Konzentration, fýr die das Gerät entworfen ist. Ihre Abnahme wurde durch die Zýchtung lebensfähiger Organismen bestimmt. Bei eingeimpften Viren und
Cryptosporidium parvum Oozysten wurde die qualitative Abwesenheit der betroffen Nukleinsäure durch die Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) nachgewiesen. Bei der anempfohlenen Fließgeschwindigkeit von einem Liter pro Minute, wurden Zahlen von Polio, Hepatitis A, Adeno Typen 2 und 41, Rota SAH, menschlichen Rota und Astro Viren, sowie somatische und MS2 Coliphagen und
Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Clostridium perfringens, totale coliforme Bakterien, Enterokokken, heterotrophe Bakterien und
C. parvum Oozysten aus allen untersuchten Wasserproben zu mehr als 99,999% reduziert. Diese Leistungsfähigkeit entspricht den Vorschriften fýr solche Geräte. Die mikrobiologischen Parameter des behandelten Wassers lagen weit unter den Grenzwerten internationaler Normen fýr Trinkwasser.
Till the present time, the potential genotoxicity of high power microwave pulses (HPMP) is not clear. Using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay, known as the alkaline comet assay, we ...studied the effects of HPMP (8.8 GHz, 180 ns pulse width, peak power 65 kW, repetition rate 50 Hz) on DNA of erythrocytes of Xenopus laevis frog, human whole-blood leukocytes and isolated human lymphocytes. The cell suspensions were exposed to HPMP for 40 min in a rectangular waveguide. To determine the temperature changes in the cell suspension produced by HPMP exposure, we provided an accurate dosimetry of HPMP under our exposure conditions.
Till the present time, the potential genotoxicity of high power microwave pulses (HPMP) is not clear. Using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay, known as the alkaline comet assay, we ...studied the effects of HPMP (8.8 GHz, 180 ns pulse width, peak power 65 kW, repetition rate 50 Hz) on DNA of erythrocytes of Xenopus laevis frog, human whole-blood leukocytes and isolated human lymphocytes. The cell suspensions were exposed to HPMP for 40 min in a rectangular waveguide. To determine the temperature changes in the cell suspension produced by HPMP exposure, we provided an accurate dosimetry of HPMP under our exposure conditions.
The effectiveness of the cyclophosphamide + methotrexate + 5-fluorouracil schedule (CMF) in 28 patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer has been studied. No complete remission was obtained; ...partial remission and objective improvement constituted 56%. The median response period is calculated at a minimum of 12 months, without significant differences between the group of patients previously subjected to palliative canalization surgery and the group of patients not subjected to this operation. The overall median survival time is 10.8 months. On the basis of the data given, the authors conclude by stressing that the CMF combination should be studied more fully in relation to its use in gastrointestinal forms of cancer.
