This thesis begins by problematizing divergence in the food system. It then asks whether greater convergence can facilitate better public health nutrition and positive food system change. It starts ...by combining production and place of consumption in the form of calculating the Welsh and UK population’s fruit and vegetable requirement. It explains that the requirement was shared with 178 stakeholders; mainly producers and support organizations in Wales, who took part in 39 semi-structured interviews and 12 workshops. The in-depth discussion of barriers and enablers to fruit and vegetable production and consumption that this stimulated is discussed in detail. One of the barriers outlined is a need for a more systemic approach and for a broader range of food system stakeholders to be involved. The researcher’s involvement, through Participatory Action Research, with the development of Peas Please, an initiative advocating a systemic approach to increasing vegetable consumption in the UK, is then discussed. The activities and food system approach of Peas Please are reflected upon, including the importance of building relationships. The thesis finds that convergence has potential to deliver positive systemic change, and through Peas Please and the use of the fruit and vegetable requirement stakeholders from different paradigms have come together to experiment within this ‘space of possibility’. The analysis suggests however, that the complexities of the food system and the divergences between actors mean that, in practice, to make ‘spaces of possibility’ work entails using mediation and other skills, amounting to a new food diplomacy. In conclusion, the thesis proposes that, in order to facilitate positive food system change to achieve better public health nutrition, a new food diplomacy should be recognized, supported and taught.
National Security Presidential Memorandum #20 1 recently superseded National Security Council, Presidential Directive #25 2 both of which require evaluation of risks associated with launch of ...radioactive sources into space. This evaluation is conducted by the Interagency Nuclear Safety Review Board (INSRB)*⁎The Interagency Nuclear Safety Review Panel (INSRP) consisted of the Department of Defense (DoD), charged with national security and the US Armed Forces; Department of Energy (DOE), concerned with US policies regarding energy and safety in handling and use of nuclear material; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), responsible for human health and preservation of the environment; National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA), responsible for the civilian space program; and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission; (NRC), tasked with protecting public health and safety related to nuclear energy. The INSRP was replaced by the INSRB per NSPM-20 in August, 2019, adding two new organizations to the board, the Department of Transportation (DOT) responsible for transportation safety and the Department of State (DOS) responsible for international agreements.. The Air Force (AF) Chief of Space Safety is a co-chair on the Board representing the Department of Defense. There have historically existed no regulated acceptable risk thresholds within US Government or AF guidance specific to the potential for radioisotope exposure should a launch of this nature fail. To this end, the AF rewrote its existing policy to establish launch safety criteria for use by the AF Launch Decision Authority when approving launches that use radioactive sources. This paper outlines the thought process used while developing launch safety criteria specifically, with regard to when a risk evaluation should be accomplished and what the acceptable risk threshold should be.
Prenatal care and perinatal planning are paramount for successful delivery outcomes in human pregnancies and has been shown to be equally as important with non-human primates. The authors describe ...two pregnancies and deliveries of a 12-year-old primigravid western lowland gorilla, Macy. Macy's first pregnancy resulted in a stillbirth and was complicated by breech positioning, while her second pregnancy resulted in a viable infant. This case report outlines the prenatal care Macy received in her pregnancies and highlights the importance of ultrasound for dating and fetal evaluation. The authors discuss options for breech positioning and considerations for cesarean section. This article showcases how obstetricians and veterinarians can implement human obstetrical recommendations with non-human primates to improve delivery outcomes. Keywords: Gorilla, Prenatal, Breech
We use Hubble Space Telescope fine guidance sensor astrometry and high-cadence radial velocities for HD 136118 from the Hobby-Eberly Telescope with archival data from Lick to determine the complete ...set of orbital parameters for HD 136118 b. We find an orbital inclination for the candidate exoplanet of ib = 1631 +/- 30. This establishes the actual mass of the object, Mb = 42+11 -18 MJ, in contrast to the minimum mass determined from the radial velocity data only, Mb sin i ~ 12 MJ. Therefore, the low-mass companion to HD 136118 is now identified as a likely brown dwarf residing in the 'brown dwarf desert.'
To test the construct validity of the Sodium Advice Score (SAS). The SAS is a tool developed to measure the quality of brief advice provided by health care providers (HCP) about dietary sodium ...reduction. The validation of this tool will support its implementation in a behavioural intervention trial.
Thirty English speaking patients with a diagnosis of hypertension and no memory impairments were recruited from a primary care clinic in Ontario, Canada. Patients were randomized to a high quality dietary sodium advice group or to a low quality dietary sodium advice group. Each intervention was delivered by a registered dietitian and took no longer than 5–7 minutes for high quality advice and 1–2 minutes for low quality advice. After the dietary sodium advice was provided the patient completed the SAS tool (< 5 minutes). Frequency, type and duration of advice was assessed by the SAS tool, which had a maximum score of 16. Therefore, the high quality advice had an expected SAS score of 16. The low quality advice had an expected SAS score of 5.
Patients included were 71.3 ± 7.9 years old and 53% were male. Overall, 43% and 47% of patients had received previous counseling from a dietitian and family doctor, respectively. Mean daily sodium intakes of 2593 ± 1403 mg/day and 3040 ± 2283 mg/day were similar between high and low quality advice groups. The mean SAS score was 6.9 ± 3.6 (range: 2 to 14) in the low quality advice group and 14.5 ± 1.5 (range: 10 to 16) in the high quality advice group. The high quality advice scores observed were statistically similar to the expected scores (P = 0.001), however the low advice scores were not. Overall, the low quality advice score was significantly lower than the high quality advice score (P < 0.000).
The SAS tool showed evidence of construct validity as it can differentiate between high and low quality sodium reduction advice provided by HCPs. It can be used as a valid tool for measuring quality of brief sodium reduction advice by HCPs in future research.
Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada.
We report the discovery of a third planetary-mass companion to the GO star HD 74156. High-precision radial velocity measurements made with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope aided the detection of this ...object. The best-fit triple-Keplerian model to all the available velocity data yields an orbital period of 347 days and a minimum mass of 0.4 M sub(Jap) for the new planet. We determine revised orbital periods of 51.7 and 2477 days and minimum masses of 1.9 and 8.0 M sub(Jap), respectively, for the previously known planets. Preliminary calculations Indicate that the derived orbits are stable, although all three planets have significant orbital eccentricities (e = 0.04, 0.43, and 0.25). With our detection, HD 74156 becomes the eighth normal star known to host three or more planets. Further study of this system's dynamical characteristics will likely give important insight into planet formation and evolutionary processes.
In educational administration there are only a few women administrators at the superintendent level. The purpose of this study was to examine obstacles which women principals in Northern California ...perceived as inhibiting them from moving into the superintendency. This study drew upon the theory of Self- efficacy and research detailing lack of support from a husband or partner, traditional roles within the family, child rearing responsibilities, and relocating which inhibit women from moving into the superintendency. A survey was utilized to collect data from women principals. The survey was descriptive in nature and incorporated three open-ended questions, three selected-response items and eleven modified Betz and Taylor (2001) Manual for the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale and CDMSE-Short Form questions. A quantitative analysis of the data was achieved through three steps: frequency analysis of responses, content analysis of open-ended responses, and correlational analysis between measures. The median category of years women had served in an administrative position was 8-9 years. Less than 5% of the women who were qualified for the rank of superintendent, associate superintendent, or assistant superintendent applied for the position. Those who did not apply for the position cited no interest, a lack of experience, and enjoyment working with students, teachers, and community. Of the eight women who did apply for the position, broadening their realm of influence and impact, money, and assisting diverse student populations, was noted as the three key reasons. Less than 7% of the participants were offered the position of superintendent, associate superintendent, or assistant superintendent. Of the nine participants who declined an offer, no interest, politics, and wanting to lead a balanced life were cited as the top three reasons. The self-efficacy scores noted that the majority of participants considered themselves to have much confidence to pursue the position of superintendent, associate superintendent, or assistant superintendent.
In educational administration there are only a few women administrators at the superintendent level. The purpose of this study was to examine obstacles which women principals in Northern California ...perceived as inhibiting them from moving into the superintendency. This study drew upon the theory of Self-efficacy and research detailing lack of support from a husband or partner, traditional roles within the family, child rearing responsibilities, and relocating which inhibit women from moving into the superintendency. A survey was utilized to collect data from women principals. The survey was descriptive in nature and incorporated three open-ended questions, three selected-response items and eleven modified Betz and Taylor (2001) Manual for the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale and CDMSE-Short Form questions. A quantitative analysis of the data was achieved through three steps: frequency analysis of responses, content analysis of open-ended responses, and correlational analysis between measures. The median category of years women had served in an administrative position was 8-9 years. Less than 5% of the women who were qualified for the rank of superintendent, associate superintendent, or assistant superintendent applied for the position. Those who did not apply for the position cited no interest, a lack of experience, and enjoyment working with students, teachers, and community. Of the eight women who did apply for the position, broadening their realm of influence and impact, money, and assisting diverse student populations, was noted as the three key reasons. Less than 7% of the participants were offered the position of superintendent, associate superintendent, or assistant superintendent. Of the nine participants who declined an offer, no interest, politics, and wanting to lead a balanced life were cited as the top three reasons. The self-efficacy scores noted that the majority of participants considered themselves to have much confidence to pursue the position of superintendent, associate superintendent, or assistant superintendent.
We report the discovery of a third planetary mass companion to the G0 star HD 74156. High precision radial velocity measurements made with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope aided the detection of this ...object. The best fit triple Keplerian model to all the available velocity data yields an orbital period of 347 days and minimum mass of 0.4 M_Jup for the new planet. We determine revised orbital periods of 51.7 and 2477 days, and minimum masses of 1.9 and 8.0 M_Jup respectively for the previously known planets. Preliminary calculations indicate that the derived orbits are stable, although all three planets have significant orbital eccentricities (e = 0.64, 0.43, and 0.25). With our detection, HD 74156 becomes the eighth normal star known to host three or more planets. Further study of this system's dynamical characteristics will likely give important insight to planet formation and evolutionary processes.
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