El cuidado respiratorio del recién nacido es una de las actividades más importantes para su adaptación, ya que el bebé debe ajustar su respiración al pasar del medio líquido al ambiente. Así, su ...esfuerzo respiratorio será decisivo para garantizar el paso funcional de la vida intrauterina a la extrauterina. En el periodo neonatal, es importante que los padres puedan detectar signos de alarma respiratorio, y las tecnologías en comunicación son una de las herramientas para acercar la información en tiempo real a los cuidadores. Este artículo describe una revisión narrativa de literatura para identificar aplicaciones móviles sobre cuidado respiratorio del neonato, en la cual se utilizaron términos del MeSH: “infant newborn”, “child care”, “respiratory therapy”, “telemedicine”, “eHealth”, “caregivers” y sus correspondientes del DeCS (español y portugués). Se estableció un protocolo de búsqueda en bases de datos suscritas y libres, que incluyó filtros de completitud y calidad de los artículos. Se encontraron 488 artículos, a los cuales se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y calidad. De este modo quedaron 19 artículos completos para lectura y análisis. A pesar del diseño creciente de aplicaciones en salud, en el área del cuidado respiratorio del neonato no se encontraron aplicaciones diseñadas para tal fin.
Si considera in questo articolo il campo artistico, descritto da Pierre Bourdieu, come il teatro di una lotta per la conquista del monopolio della legittimità letteraria tra (dis)posizioni sociali, a ...cui corrispondono precise strategie simboliche, concorrenti. Viene, così, messo in discussione il mito della gratuità e del disinteresse del lavoro intellettuale insieme a quello dell’esperienza estetica come identificazione immediata e contemplazione dell’opera. Le istanze di legittimazione interne al campo, infatti, determinano i modi della produzione, ma anche quelli dell’appropriazione. Solo un fruitore dotato della competenza adeguata sarà in grado di riconoscere il valore esemplificazionale inscritto nel testo.
RESUMEN Introducción: El nuevo modelo de atención integral de salud en Colombia surge en 2016 como alternativa para solucionar la crisis de salud; este favorece la estrategia de Atención Primaria en ...Salud, con enfoque familiar y comunitario, para garantizar la oportunidad, continuidad, accesibilidad, integralidad y calidad en la atención de los colombianos. Uno de los retos para avanzar en las acciones de Atención Primaria en Salud es formar profesionales con conocimientos y habilidades específicos para la implementación de la estrategia y con un enfoque integral. Por otro lado, la Medicina Familiar es una disciplina que busca la atención integral de salud de la persona y su familia, de manera humanizada y continua; caracterizada por la integración de la promoción de la salud y prevención de riesgos y enfermedades, detección y tratamiento, con un enfoque sistémico, que orienta sus acciones al individuo, la familia y su comunidad, y en la cual la Atención Primaria en Salud es su terreno de actuación fundamental. Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre la relevancia del médico familiar y comunitario, los elementos de la Atención Primaria en Salud y su relación en el marco del nuevo modelo de atención integral en salud en Colombia. Métodos: Se realiza una revisión de distintas fuentes de información en revistas indexadas y documentos oficiales que permitieron responder al objetivo del documento. Conclusiones: La especialidad de Medicina Familiar es la más competente para realizar las intervenciones médicas en el marco del nuevo modelo de atención integral de salud, buscando bienestar integral y evitando la fragmentación de la atención.
A study of timing properties of Silicon Photomultipliers Avella, Paola; De Santo, Antonella; Lohstroh, Annika ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2012, Letnik:
695
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are solid-state pixelated photodetectors. Lately these sensors have been investigated for Time of Flight Positron Emission Tomography (ToF-PET) applications, where ...very good coincidence time resolution of the order of hundreds of picoseconds imply spatial resolution of the order of cm in the image reconstruction. The very fast rise time typical of the avalanche discharge improves the time resolution, but can be limited by the readout electronics and the technology used to construct the device. In this work the parameters of the equivalent circuit of the device that directly affect the pulse shape, namely the quenching resistance and capacitance and the diode and parasitic capacitances, were calculated. The mean rise time obtained with different preamplifiers was also measured.
Silicon Photo multipliers (SiPM) are solid-state photo detectors made of a matrix of Avalanche Photodiodes working in Geiger mode (GM-APD). Each APD behaves as a binary device, giving in output a ...standardised signal if fired by one or more photons. However, the device as a whole is an analog device, giving in output a pulse proportional to the number of incident photons. For this reason, the SiPM can be considered as a solid-state equivalent of the traditional Photomultiplier Tube (PMT), with the advantage of single photon counting capability, improved detection efficiency at wavelengths that better suit scintillating crystals' output and of compactness, ruggedness as well as easier production technology. Moreover, being a solid state device, the SiPM is also insensitive to magnetic fields and characterised by an intrinsic timing resolution which makes it a good candidate for fast timing applications. The motivation behind this thesis is the study of a system made of inorganic scintillating crystals readout by various types of SiPMs with specific interest in timing applications. The characterisation of various SiPMs with different total area and pixel sizes is discussed. The main result of this analysis is the measurement of the parameters of these photo detectors that allows the simulation of their output pulses, which ultimately determine the single photon response and hence the intrinsic performance limit of the device. In particular, it was found that coherent light improves the timing performances of SiP Ms, due to an improvement in signal to noise ratio, while almost maintaining the single photon response. For this reason, the Intrinsic and Coincidence Time Resolution (ITR and CTR respectively), i.e. the variance on the time the detector takes to respond to a light stimulus and the uncertainty introduced in the measurement of the time coincidence, were measured using a femtosecond laser. For both quantities, values ofthe order of tens of ps were found optimising the parameters of a low pass Butterworth filter and of a time stamp pick-up algorithm which is the digital equivalent of a Constant Fraction Discriminator, for two Hamamatsu MPPCs with different total area and same pixel size. Finally the characterisation of various size LYSO crystals readout by SiPMs is also reported. This study gives information on the timing and energy properties of a Gamma sensitive system and allows the understanding of the characteristics that the optimum scintillating crystal readout by SiPMs should have to optimise the coincidence time and energy resolution. Values of the CTR for a system made of two LYSO crystals with size 3 x 3 x 10 mm ' readout by a pair of MPPCs with 25 uu: pixel size and 3 x 3 mm'' total area, were found of the order of 300 ps. Hence, this detector system appears as a good candidate for timing applications involving the detection of coincident gamma rays, particularly in applications like the Time-of- Flight Positron Emission Tomography, where an excellent timing resolution imply very good spatial resolution and hence superior quality of the final image.
Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) are solid-state photodetectors made of a matrix of Avalanche Photodiodes working in Geiger mode (GM-APD). Each APD behaves as a binary device, giving in output a ...standardised signal if fired by one or more photons. However, the device as a whole is an analog device, giving in output a pulse proportional to the number of incident photons. For this reason, the SiPM can be considered as a solid-state equivalent of the traditional Photomultiplier Tube (PMT), with the advantage of single photon counting capability, improved detection efficiency at wavelengths that better suit scintillating crystals’ output and of compactness, ruggedness as well as easier production technology. Moreover, being a solid state device, the SiPM is also insensitive to magnetic fields and characterised by an intrinsic timing resolution which makes it a good candidate for fast timing applications. The motivation behind this thesis is the study of a system made of inorganic scintillating crystals readout by various types of SiPMs with specific interest in timing applications. The characterisation of various SiPMs with different total area and pixel sizes is discussed. The main result of this analysis is the measurement of the parameters of these photodetectors that allows the simulation of their output pulses, which ultimately determine the single photon response and hence the intrinsic performance limit of the device. In particular, it was found that coherent light improves the timing performances of SiPMs, due to an improvement in signal to noise ratio, while almost maintaining the single photon response. For this reason, the Intrinsic and Coincidence Time Resolution (ITR and CTR respectively), i. e. the variance on the time the detector takes to respond to a light stimulus and the uncertainty introduced in the measurement of the time coincidence, were measured using a femtosecond laser. For both quantities, values of the order of tens of ps were found optimising the parameters of a low pass Butterworth filter and of a time stamp pick-up algorithm which is the digital equivalent of a Constant Fraction Discriminator, for two Hamamatsu MPPCs with different total area and same pixel size. Finally the characterisation of various size LYSO crystals readout by SiPMs is also reported. This study gives information on the timing and energy properties of a Gamma sensitive system and allows the understanding of the characteristics that the optimum scintillating crystal readout by SiPMs should have to optimise the coincidence time and energy resolution. Values of the CTR for a system made of two LYSO crystals with size 3 x 3 x 10 mm3 readout by a pair of MPPCs with 25 um pixel size and 3x3 mm2 total area, were found of the order of 300 ps. Hence, this detector system appears as a good candidate for timing applications involving the detection of coincident gamma rays, particularly in applications like the Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography, where an excellent timing resolution imply very good spatial resolution and hence superior quality of the final image.
Este artículo da a conocer los resultados parciales de una investigación de enfoque cualitativo de tipo acción educativa, que está orientada a desarrollar una propuesta didáctica para la enseñanza de ...las matemáticas. La investigación se centra en el tema de la enseñanza de la resolución de problemas matemáticos con fracciones, con niños de grado sexto de la Institución Educativa Técnica Carlos Alberto Olano Valderrama del municipio de Belén (Boyacá). La propuesta consiste en orientar la enseñanza a partir de la resolución de problemas. Esta propuesta se ha realizado en tres momentos: el primero, la revisión de antecedentes y discusión teórica; el segundo, la aplicación y el análisis de resultados de la prueba diagnóstica; y el tercero, el diseño, aplicación y evaluación de la estrategia didáctica. Obteniendo que el 60 % de los estudiantes se apropiaron del método satisfactoriamente, un 30 % requiere de mayor acompañamiento y el 10 % de los estudiantes no se apropiaron del método.
Using RPC Detectors as Cosmic Rays Monitor de Asmundis, R.; Avella, P.; Toglia, F.
IEEE transactions on nuclear science,
06/2007, Letnik:
54, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We have measured the cosmic ray absolute flux and its variations caused by the ldquoday-nightrdquo and the ldquobarometricrdquo effects, by using a telescope of resistive plate chamber (RPC) ...detectors. Because of the high sensitivity needed for this measure, the RPC behaviour must be very well controlled and all the influences induced by the environmental parameters, must be compensated. For this purpose we introduced, among others features, an alternative method for the stabilization of the RPC working point. We present here all the results for both aspects: the cosmic ray flux measurements, the barometric effect and a description of the RPC stabilization method used.
We have measured the cosmic ray absolute flux and its variations caused by "day-night" and "barometric" effect, for the first time in the Naples area,, by using a telescope of resistive plate chamber ...(RPC) detectors. Because of the high sensitivity needed for this measure, the RPC behaviour must be very well controlled and all the influences induced by the environmental parameters, must be compensated. For this purpose we introduced, among others features, an alternative method for the stabilization of the RPC working point. We present here all the results for both aspects: the cosmic ray flux measurements, the barometric effect and a description of the RPC stabilization method used.
Este artículo da a conocer los resultados parciales de una investigación de enfoque cualitativo de tipo acción educativa, que está orientada a desarrollar una propuesta didáctica para la enseñanza de ...las matemáticas. La investigación se centra en el tema de la enseñanza de la resolución de problemas matemáticos con fracciones, con niños de grado sexto de la Institución Educativa Técnica Carlos Alberto Olano Valderrama del municipio de Belén (Boyacá). La propuesta consiste en orientar la enseñanza a partir de la resolución de problemas. Esta propuesta se ha realizado en tres momentos: el primero, la revisión
de antecedentes y discusión teórica; el segundo, la aplicación y el análisis de resultados de la prueba diagnóstica; y el tercero, el diseño, aplicación y evaluación de la estrategia didáctica. Obteniendo que el 60 % de los estudiantes se apropiaron del método satisfactoriamente, un 30 % requiere de mayor acompañamiento y el 10 % de los estudiantes no se apropiaron del método.
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