•The work extends prior educational data mining (EDM) reviews and updates its history.•A data mining (DM) profile is set to depict the DM ground that supports EDM works.•An EDM approach profile is ...set to provide key traits for depicting EDM approaches.•A trait-value pattern is set to depict most of descriptive and predictive EDM models.•Three disciplines, tasks, methods, algorithms are the most used for building EDM works.
This review pursues a twofold goal, the first is to preserve and enhance the chronicles of recent educational data mining (EDM) advances development; the second is to organize, analyze, and discuss the content of the review based on the outcomes produced by a data mining (DM) approach. Thus, as result of the selection and analysis of 240 EDM works, an EDM work profile was compiled to describe 222 EDM approaches and 18 tools. A profile of the EDM works was organized as a raw data base, which was transformed into an ad-hoc data base suitable to be mined. As result of the execution of statistical and clustering processes, a set of educational functionalities was found, a realistic pattern of EDM approaches was discovered, and two patterns of value-instances to depict EDM approaches based on descriptive and predictive models were identified. One key finding is: most of the EDM approaches are ground on a basic set composed by three kinds of educational systems, disciplines, tasks, methods, and algorithms each. The review concludes with a snapshot of the surveyed EDM works, and provides an analysis of the EDM strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats, whose factors represent, in a sense, future work to be fulfilled.
Before the emergence of computer‐based educational systems (CBES) whose aims of providing teaching and learning experiences to hundreds even thousands of users, an explosion of information (e.g., ...students' log data) demands sophisticated methods to gather, analyze, and interpret learners' traces to regulate and enhance education. Thus, learning analytics (LA) arises as a knowledge discovery paradigm that provides valuable findings and facilitates stakeholders to understand the learning process and its implications. Therefore, a landscape of the LA nature, its underlying factors, and applications achieved is outlined in this paper according to a suggested LA Taxonomy that classifies the LA duty from a functional perspective. The aim is to provide an idea of the LA toil, its research lines, and trends to inspire the development of novel approaches for improving teaching and learning practices. Furthermore, the scope of this review covers recently published papers in prestigious journals and conferences, where the works dated from 2016 are summarized and those corresponding to 2014–2015 are cited according to the proposed LA taxonomy. A glimpse is sketched of LA, where underlying elements frame the field foundations to ground the approaches. Moreover, LA strengths, weaknesses, challenges, and risks are highlighted to advice how the LA arena could be enhanced and empowered. In addition, this review offers an insight of the recent LA labor, as well as motivates readers to enrich the LA achievements. This work promotes the LA practice giving an account of the job being achieved and reported in literature, as well as a reflection of the state‐of‐the‐art and an acumens vision to inspire future labor.
This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Education and Learning
Application Areas > Science and Technology
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Human Centricity and User Interaction
A Proposed Learning Analytics Taxonomy.
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•A learning design cooperative framework LDCF is set to boost 21st century education.•The LDCF transforms classic HE settings to those that foster 21st century learning.•The LDCF ...recreates a u–learning stage and instills domain & 21st century knowledge.•The LDCF foments 21st century learners to acquire and develop 21st century skills.•Albeit learners met cognitive load, gained higher & even learning than control team.
At present 21st century education boosts situated teaching approaches, meaningful learning habits, and experiential use of new technology, all of which enable learners to acquire domain knowledge and develop skills during seamless scholar labors. In this sense, students are motivated to learn by actively engaging in educational experiences performed in renewed stages with trendy resources and praxis, where they are involved in hands–on activities similar to true work. Hence, traditional academic facilities, curricula, content, materials, and practices should be transformed according to the needs and trends of an evolving world society that requires the use of smart and advanced technologies that empower teaching and learning duties. With the aim of contributing to cope with such a demand, a learning design cooperative framework is proposed to harness suitable technologies that upgrade classic academic sceneries and toils to recreate 21st century education settings. Thus, the framework is tested during a real case, where it leads the conversion of a typical engineering lab to a ubiquitous engineering lab that enables undergraduates to access digital content and cooperate with peers to automatize equipment proper to an industrial cell. Albeit experimental pupils were not trained to adapt to a novel situation and dealt with higher cognitive load, they reached a more superior and balanced learning than their control mates. As a result, evidence shows how a suitable learning design reforms a conventional scholar scene to feature 21st century education and guides successful technology–driven learning processes.
Ubiquitous learning: A systematic review Cárdenas-Robledo, Leonor Adriana; Peña-Ayala, Alejandro
Telematics and informatics,
08/2018, Letnik:
35, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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•Pattern of essential features is proposed to describe 176 u-learning approaches.•Taxonomy composed of nine categories is proposed to classify u-learning approaches.•During 2014–2017 ...the number of approaches has been duplicated against prior period.•Learning paradigms, functionality and effects are the most characterized categories.•54% of the approaches are indoor while 46% are outdoor to reveal u-learning essence.
Ubiquitous learning, labeled as u–learning, takes advantage of digital content, physical surroundings, mobile devices, pervasive components, and wireless communication to deliver teaching–learning experiences to users at anytime, anywhere, and anyway. U–learning represents an emergent paradigm that spreads education in diverse settings, where users are situated in authentic learning contexts to face immersive experiences in order to accomplish meaningful learning. With the aim at disseminating such a revolutionary arena, this systematic review analyzes its nature, application, and evolution throughout a longitudinal study, where 176 approaches built since 2010 up to the third quarter of 2017 date are gathered, classified, and characterized to disclose labor traits, outcome patterns, and field tendencies. These five results are grounded respectively in a representative collection, a proposed taxonomy, a suggested pattern, statistical interpretations, mining findings, and critical analysis. The conclusions reveal: u–learning is able to transform traditional education provided at classroom level and by e–learning. Principally, this is because students, pertaining to diverse academic levels experience real and authentic settings, are immersed in dual reality sceneries, benefit from context–aware support, learn diverse educational domains, follow suitable learning paradigms, deal with diverse effects, and interact with different devices and technologies in a blended fashion. All of this with the purpose of enhancing users’ apprenticeship.
A sequential flow-based analysis system with on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns coupled to microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MP-AES) was developed for strontium and nickel ...determination. Crown ether chromatographic resin and dimethylglyoxime polymethacrylate resin were used for strontium and nickel retention under acidic and basic conditions, respectively; eluted with a nitric acid solution in both cases followed by MP-AES detection. The calculated detection limits were 0.25 μg L−1 for strontium and 3.56 μg L−1 for nickel.
Azimuthal angular correlations between produced hadrons/jets in high energy collisions are a sensitive probe of the dynamics of QCD at small x. Here we derive the triple differential cross section ...for inclusive production of 3 polarized partons in DIS at small x. The target proton or nucleus is described using the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) formalism. The resulting expressions are used to study azimuthal angular correlations between produced partons in order to probe the gluon structure of the target hadron or nucleus. Our analytic expressions can also be used to calculate the real part of the Next to Leading Order (NLO) corrections to di-hadron production in DIS by integrating out one of the three final state partons.
This study aims to identify, classify, quantify the ingested microplastic by marine teleost fish, in order to analyze the relationship between microplastic and trophic guilds. Food items of 214 ...individuals of Opisthonema oglinum, Bagre marinus, Cathorops spixii, Sciades herzbergii, Chloroscombrus chrysurus, Conodon nobilis, Haemulopsis corvinaeformis were analyzed. The species were classified according to their trophic guilds (zoobenthivorous or opportunistic/omnivorous). All species ingested microplastic and contamination occurred independently of the trophic guild. Of the sampled fish, 55% were contaminated by microplastic. The most consumed categories were blue (28%) and transparent filaments (20%). Raman spectroscopy measurements detected that most sampled filament corresponds to blue synthetic fiber (polyester). This study can contribute by filling gaps in knowledge regarding sandy beach impacts, which are environments so highly threatened by human activities around the world and are neglected in terms of use and conservation plans.
•All species have ingested microplastic.•Microplastic contamination occurred regardless of trophic guild.•The species that most ingested microplastic was Cathrops spixii.•The most recorded microplastic in fish stomach content was the blue filament.
We compute the vacuum one-loop quark–gluon vertex correction at zero temperature in the presence of a magnetic field. From the vertex function we extract the effective quark–gluon coupling and show ...that it grows with increasing magnetic field strength. The effect is due to a subtle competition between the color charge associated to gluons and the color charge associated to quarks, the former being larger than the latter. In contrast, at high temperature the effective thermo-magnetic coupling results exclusively from the contribution of the color charge associated to quarks. This produces a decrease of the coupling with increasing field strength. We interpret the results in terms of a geometrical effect whereby the magnetic field induces, on average, a closer distance between the (electrically charged) quarks and antiquarks. At high temperature, since the effective coupling is proportional only to the color charge associated to quarks, such proximity with increasing field strength makes the effective coupling decrease due to asymptotic freedom. In turn, this leads to a decreasing quark condensate. In contrast, at zero temperature both the effective strong coupling and the quark condensate increase with increasing magnetic field. This is due to the color charge associated to gluons dominating over that associated to quarks, with both having the opposite sign. Thus, the gluons induce a kind of screening of the quark color charge, in spite of the quark–antiquark proximity. We discuss the implications for the inverse magnetic catalysis phenomenon.
We compute the relaxation time for quark/antiquark spin and thermal vorticity alignment in a quark-gluon plasma at finite temperature and quark chemical potential. We model the interaction of ...quark/antiquark spin with thermal vorticity as driven by a phenomenological modification of the elementary quark interaction with gluons. We find that in a scenario where the angular velocity of the quark-gluon plasma produced in a peripheral heavy-ion collision is small, quarks/antiquarks take a long time to align their spin with the vorticity. However, when the angular velocity created in the reaction is large, the alignment is efficient and well within the lifetime of the system created in the reaction. The relaxation time is larger for antiquarks which points out to a difference for the polarization of hadrons and antihadrons when this alignment is preserved during hadronization.
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